ASME PTC 30 1-2007 Air-Cooled Steam Condensers《气冷式蒸汽冷凝器》.pdf

1、Air-Cooled Steam CondensersPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PTC 30.1-2007Intentionally left blank ASME PTC 30.1-2007Air-CooledSteamCondensersPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: June 24, 2008This Code will be revised when the Society approves th

2、e issuance of a new edition. There will be noaddenda issued to ASME PTC 30.1-2007.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisdocument. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Code Cases.Code Cases and interpretat

3、ions are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National

4、Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for a

5、dditional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection w

6、ith anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such pa

7、tent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for

8、 only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior w

9、ritten permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice . vForeword viCommittee Roster . viiCorrespondence With the PTC 30.

10、1 Committee . viiiSection 1 Object and Scope . 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope 11-3 Uncertainty 1Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 32-1 Symbols . 32-2 Definitions . 3Section 3 Guiding Principles. 83-1 Introduction . 83-2 Agreement Among Parties to the Test 83-3 Uncertainty Analysis . 93-4 Tes

11、t Preparations 103-5 Arrangement of Test Apparatus 103-6 Test Personnel . 123-7 Method of Operation During the Test . 123-8 Conduct of Test 12Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 154-1 Introduction . 154-2 Measurement of Environmental Effects . 154-3 Location of Test Points . 154-4 Instr

12、umentation and Methods of Measurement 17Section 5 Computation of Results 195-1 General 195-2 Review of Test Data and Test Conditions . 195-3 Reduction of Test Data . 195-4 ACC Design Data 195-5 Particular Calculations at the Guarantee Point 205-6 Adjustment of Test Data to Guarantee Conditions . 205

13、-7 Condensate Temperature . 215-8 Oxygen Content . 215-9 Test Uncertainty . 215-10 Uncertainty Analysis . 22Section 6 Report of Results 24Figures3-5 Arrangement of Test Apparatus 114-4.1-1 Basket Tip . 174-4.1-2 Guide Plate 17Tables2-1 Symbols . 43-2.2 Noncondensible Gas Load Limits . 9iiiNonmandato

14、ry AppendicesA Sample Calculations of Performance 25B Description of Performance Curves . 32C Uncertainty Analysis Example 38D Derivation of Exponents mkand n 42E Calculation of the Steam Quality at Test Conditions . 45F Test Calculations for Dissolved Oxygen Determination 47G Data Sheets 49H Report

15、ing Form of Results of ACC Performance Test 54I Performance Monitoring . 55J Routine Performance Test 58K Environmental Effects 59L Electric Power Line Losses . 72ivNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, GeneralInstructions. The following information is based

16、 on that document and is included here foremphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user isfully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying thisCode.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield result

17、s of the highest levelof accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available.They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specifyprocedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncer-t

18、ainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustmentfor uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equip-ment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractua

19、lguarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before startingthe test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing thetest results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine orinterpret h

20、ow such comparisons shall be made.vFOREWORDThe history of this performance test code started in 1960 when the Board on Performance TestCodes organized PTC 30 on Atmospheric Cooling Equipment. It was the first attempt by ASMEto provide procedures for testing air-cooled heat exchangers. Except for a p

21、reliminary draft, theCode was not completed at that time due to the death of the Chair and he was its only CommitteeMember. In 1977 the Board decided to resume the effort to produce a performance test for air-cooled heat exchangers. Subsequently a committee was formed and developed an appropriateCod

22、e after several years. The title of the new Code was revised to “Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers”and on February 15, 1991, the Code was approved as an American National Standard.The 1991 issue of that Code was a credit to those on the Committee. It was very comprehensive,erudite, and a definite contribut

23、ion to the art of engineering. But it was infrequently used dueto the difficulty of measuring the airflow through the equipment and other aspects of its applicationto the great variety of exchangers that existed and the minimal acceptance testing that wastraditionally specified in the general heat e

24、xchanger industry.During 2002, the Board on Performance Test Codes had taken notice that air-cooled steamcondensers (ACCs) were being largely installed on power plants at an increasing rate throughoutthe country and the world. At that point in time, there were over 600 ACCs worldwide withmore than f

25、ifty large applications of the technology in the United States. These machines areessentially enormous radiators served by a multiplicity of fans that, compared to water-cooledcondensers, are relatively expensive and generally exhibit a poorer performance. They were beingapplied however in order to

26、conserve water resources; to allow a particular plant to be locatedin water scarce regions; to reduce the aquatic and airborne environmental effects often associatedwith once-through or wet cooling towers; and to bring projects to completion quickly withouthaving to address restrictive regulations r

27、elated to any future use of cooling waters. In addition,because their size could be as big as an acre or more, it appeared there was there was no directlyfitting test code that would allow a cost-effective, practical engineering performance test of theequipment. Thus, in November 2002, the Board on

28、Performance Test Codes directed a committeebe formed to update and/or produce a test code applicable to these air-cooled condensers. Alarge national Committee was convened the following year that was comprised of experts frommanufacturing, utility-owners, test agency, academia, and consultants in th

29、e field.Before the work of revising or drafting up a Code began, a careful review of PTC 30 wasundertaken and some field-test experience with that Code was reported to the Committee. As aresult, the Committee decided not to update the existing Code but rather to create a new Codeexpressly for the pe

30、rformance testing of the ACCs utilized on power plants. Hence, the existingCode was retained and a new Code was designated as PTC 30.1, Air-Cooled Steam Condensers.The general focus of PTC 30.1 is acceptance testing. Recognizing, however, the importance ofminimal turbine exhaust pressure on plant ge

31、neration, the Committee also featured twoAppendices of the Code that address both methods of Performance Monitoring and RoutinePerformance Testing. These appendices contain pragmatic techniques that use lesser accuracyinstrumentation and procedures that will allow plant personnel to maintain the low

32、est turbinebackpressures without the higher costs or engineering efforts associated with acceptance testing.This edition of PTC 30.1, Air-Cooled Steam Condensers was approved by the Performance TestCode Committee 30.1 on April 30, 2007 and by the Performance Test Codes Standards Committeeon April 30

33、, 2007, and approved and adopted as a Standard practice of the Society by action ofthe Board on Standardization and Testing on June 7, 2007. This edition was approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute on August 17, 2007.viASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster

34、 of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. G. Yost, ChairJ. R. Friedman, Vice ChairJ. Karian, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, General Electric Co.R. P. Allen, ConsultantR. L. Bannister, Member Emeritus, ConsultantJ. M. Burns, Burns

35、EngineeringW. C. Campbell, Southern Company ServicesM. J. Dooley, Alstom PowerA. J. Egli, Alstom PowerJ. R. Friedman, Siemens Power Generation, Inc.G. J. Gerber, ConsultantP. M. Gerhart, University of EvansvilleW. O. Hays, Honorary Member, RetiredT. C. Heil, The Babcock however, they shouldnot conta

36、in proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee priorto being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional

37、information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee

38、 Meetings. The PTC 30.1 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings,which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretaryof the PTC 30.1 Standards Committee.viiiASME PTC 30.1-2007AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSERSSection 1Object and Scope1-1 OBJECTThis Code provi

39、des uniform test methods for conduct-ing and reporting thermal performance characteristicsof mechanical draft air-cooled steam condensers (ACC)operating under vacuum conditions.This Code provides explicit test procedures to yieldresults of the highest levels of accuracy consistent withthe best engin

40、eering knowledge taking into account testcosts and the value of the information obtained fromtesting and practice currently available. This Code pro-vides rules for conducting acceptance tests. It also pro-vides guidelines for monitoring thermal performanceand conducting routine tests.The tests can

41、be used to determine compliance withcontractual obligations and the Code can be incorpo-rated into commercial agreements. A test shall be consid-ered an ASME Code Test only if the test procedurescomply with those stipulated in this Code and the post-test uncertainty analysis results are in accordanc

42、e withsubsection 1-3.1-2 SCOPEThis Code provides rules for determining the thermalperformance of the referenced equipment with regardto the steam flow capability while meeting any applica-ble fan power guarantees. This steam flow capabilitymay be alternatively expressed as a deviation fromdesign flo

43、w capability, a deviation from design turbinebackpressure, or as the absolute value of the steam tur-bine backpressure. This Code also provides proceduresfor assessing compliance to specified dissolved oxygenand specified condensate temperature. This Code doesnot address procedures for assessing noi

44、se.The Code is not intended for tests of(a) devices for which the process fluid is above atmo-spheric pressure(b) devices for process fluids other than steam(c) devices for single-phase process fluids(d) wet surface air cooled condensers(e) natural draft or fan-assisted air cooled condensers1(f) air

45、-cooled condensers with inlet air conditioningin-serviceThe determination of special data or verification ofguarantees that are outside the scope of this Code shallbe made only with the written agreement of the partiesto the test. The agreed methods of measurement andcomputation shall be defined in

46、writing and fullydescribed in the test report.1-3 UNCERTAINTYThe explicit measurement methods and procedureshave been developed to provide a test of the highestlevel of accuracy consistent with practical limitationsfor acceptance testing. Any departure from Coderequirements could introduce additiona

47、l uncertaintybeyond that considered acceptable to meet the objectivesof the Code.The application of uncertainties to adjust test resultsis not part of this Code; the test results themselves pro-vide the best indication of actual performance. Theuncertainty is used to determine the quality of the tes

48、tand reflects the accuracy of the test instrumentation andstability of the test conditions. Test tolerance, margin,and allowance are commercial matters that are notaddressed by this Code.The maximum uncertainties shown below are lim-its not targets. A Code precept is to design a test forthe highest

49、practical level of accuracy based on currentengineering knowledge. For a commercial test, this phi-losophy is in the best interest of all parties to the test.Deviations from the methods stated in this Code areacceptable only if it can be demonstrated to the testparties that the deviations provide equal or lower uncer-tainty in the calculated test result.A pretest uncertainty analysis shall be performed toestablish the expected level of uncertainties for the test,including an estimate of the random (precision) uncer-tainty based on experience.A post-test uncertainty analysis is similarly r