ASME RAM-1-2013 Reliability Availability and Maintainability of Equipment and Systems in Power Plants《电厂设备和系统的可靠性 实用性 以及可维护性》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME RAM-12013Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability of Equipment and Systems inPower PlantsASME RAM-12013Reliability,Availability, andMaintainability ofEquipment andSystems inPower PlantsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of

2、 Issuance: October 18, 2013This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME RAM Committee may be published as Cases.

3、 Casesand interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typograph

4、ical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option

5、can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American Nation

6、alStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for

7、 additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection

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10、or only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior

11、 written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the RAM Committee . vi1

12、 Introduction 12 Scope 13 Purpose 14 Definitions . 15 RAM Process . 16 RAM Description 1Figures5-1 RAM Process Overview . 46.1-1 RAM Predevelopment . 56.2-1 RAM Program Development . 66.3-1 RAM Program Implementation 76.4-1 RAM Program Revision . 8Mandatory AppendixI Definitions 9Nonmandatory Append

13、ixA References 11iiiFOREWORDReliable plants meet owner expectations. Understanding these is the first step in designing forreliability. Based on expectations, a plan needs to be developed that achieves goals efficiently,subject to hardware/software constraints, and operating configurations and budge

14、ts. This planis the basis of a design that will deliver the most consistent production possible.Effective reliability plans must prevent functional failures that affect power plant performance,even though equipment itself fails. For this reason, most power plants are designed to toleratefailures of

15、certain components. However, the design must also address ease of maintenance. Itmust ensure short downtimes when failures do occur, as well as when planning outage work.Maintaining reliable production requires a strategy supporting equipment monitoring, mainte-nance, and replacement. Successful mai

16、ntenance strategies complement the plant design itself.Clear, actionable guidance based upon established strategies should provide effective tools tomanage risk. This Standard provides an overview of common reliability program attributes toattainreliability,maintainability,andavailabilityatminimumco

17、st,baseduponanexpertsconsen-sus approach.This Standard provides guidance for those who manage high-value production facilities1withthe reliability, availability, and maintainability characteristics expected in an asset managementprogram. It emphasizes program requirements, not implementation methods

18、. Its developersexpectthatcompanieswithlargegeneratingfacilitieswillbenefitthemost.ThisStandardconsidersexistingreliabilityprocessstandards(seereferences),butitsuseisvoluntary.Itdoesnotsupersedeother accepted guidance, but rather it seeks to fill a gap.This Standard will help those who operate, mana

19、ge, and support generation facilities of alltypes.Inaddition,auditors,lenders,orresponsibleagencieswhodeterminecomplianceorprovidedue diligence may use this Standard. By providing guidance for facilities that must comply withsafety and environmental requirements, it helps develop reliability program

20、s, while meetingproduction schedules to assure commercial success.ASME RAM-12013 was approved by the RAM Standards Committee, under the jurisdictionof the Board on Standardization and Testing, on May 28, 2013, and approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) as an American National St

21、andard on August 28, 2013.1Managers, engineers, accountants, and executives.ivASME RAM COMMITTEEReliability, Availability, and Maintainability ofPower Plants(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. August, ChairB. Wodka, V

22、ice ChairR. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. August, CORE, Inc.R. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersW. F. Ebner, AIGE. Gruber, GRU ConsultingR. Pietrowski, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc.M. Raza, Alstom PowerG. J. Stawniczy, AECOMB. Wodka, RMF EngineeringvCO

23、RRESPONDENCE WITH THE RAM COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent theconsensus ofconcerned interests. Assuch, users ofthis Standard mayinteract with theCommitteeby requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Co

24、rre-spondence should be addressed to:Secretary, RAM Standards CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990http:/go.asme.org/InquiryProposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changesthatappearnecessaryor desirable

25、,asdemonstratedbytheexperience gainedfromtheapplicationof the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should beas specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a deta

26、ileddescription of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules whenjustified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or toprovide rules not covered by

27、 existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately uponASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page.Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Needand Background Information. The requestshould identify the Standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s), and be written

28、 as aQuestion and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicatethe applicable edition(s) of the Standard to which the proposed Case applies.Interpretations. Uponrequest,theRAMCommitteewillrenderaninterpretationofanyrequire-ment of the Standard. Interpretations c

29、an only be rendered in response to a written request sentto the Secretary of the RAM Standards Committee.The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommendedthat the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph nu

30、mber(s) and the topic of the inquiry.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation isbeing requested.Question: Phrase the question as a requestfor an interpretation of a specific requirementsuitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approv

31、alof a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plansor drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.RequeststhatarenotinthisformatmayberewrittenintheappropriateformatbytheCommitteeprior to being answe

32、red, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME

33、Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The RAM Standards Committee regularly holds meetings thatare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should conta

34、ct the Secretary ofthe RAM Standards Committee.viASME RAM-12013RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, AND MAINTAINABILITY OFEQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS IN POWER PLANTS1 INTRODUCTIONARAM programisa structuredmethodology toiden-tify anddeliver the reliability, availability,and maintain-ability (RAM) requirements of a p

35、ower plant in the mostcost-effective manner. This document is an assurancestandard to govern the master planning process for apower plant RAM program. It is intended to provide amethodology to develop and implement a comprehen-sive availability assurance program for the design, con-struction,andoper

36、ationphasesoftheRAMproject.ThisStandardisapplicabletobothnewandexistingfacilities.2 SCOPEThis Standard provides the requirements to establisha RAM program for any power-generation facility. Theprogram process includes(a) establishment of RAM goals(b) requirements for design, construction and com-mis

37、sioning, and operationsThis Standard identifies the required RAM programelements and responsibilities.3 PURPOSEThe purpose of this Standard is to meet the ownerspower plant RAM performance goals. This Standardidentifies program requirements that support effectivereliabilityprocessesindesign,construc

38、tionandcommis-sioning, and operations. It requires a risk-basedapproach to design and provides requirements to opti-mize performance effectively throughout the life cycleof the power plant.4 DEFINITIONSbasis of design (BOD): the underlying assumptions andrequirements that support the physical plant

39、design.criticality: the relative importance of equipment attri-butes that range from physical materials and hardwareto design functions.reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM):(a) the process of addressing all the associated con-cepts of reliability, availability, and maintainability an

40、dintegrating them to meet the owners performanceobjectives1(b) a set of requirements imposed on a plant, system,or component to ensure that it(1) will be ready for use when required(2) will successfully perform assigned design-intended functions(3) can be maintained operationally over its speci-fied

41、 life5 RAM PROCESSThis process provides a procedure to develop andimplement a program that is a written, defined, verifi-able, and living document that will enable the owner tomeet his/her performance goals. The steps in the RAMprocess are given in paras. 5.1 through 5.4 (see Fig. 5-1).5.1 Predevelo

42、pmentThe owner shall establish needs by defining requiredcriteria that shall serve to develop objective require-ments, goals, validation parameters, and acceptancecriteria.5.2 Program DevelopmentThe owner shall select a project delivery method,designer, and constructor to build the power plant tothe

43、 designed program criteria described in para. 5.1.5.3 Program ImplementationThe owner shall periodically review the program per-formance of the plant to determine if the plant is achiev-ing the objectives and goals described in para. 5.1.5.4 Program RevisionThe owner shall modify the program describ

44、ed inparas. 5.2 and 5.3 to achieve the goals described inpara. 5.1 or with new criteria that the owner establishes.Any owner-established criteria shall at least meet, orexceed, the criteria outlined in this Standard.6 RAM DESCRIPTIONThefollowing describesthesteps inthe RAMprocess.6.1 Predevelopment

45、Phase (See Fig. 6.1-1)The owner shall define the top-level functionalrequirements for the plant. The output of the predevel-opment phase is the BOD document, which will be usedASME RAM-12013for the RAM program development. The BOD shallinclude the following:(a) requirements for the implementation of

46、 theprogram(b) basic plant description(c) lifespan of plant and life-extension method(d) functional requirements(e) availability requirements(f) reliability requirements(g) maintainability requirements(h) performance objectives and goals6.2 Program Development (See Fig. 6.2-1)The program design form

47、alizes a plan to achieve theobjectives and goals as detailed in the BOD. The definedinformation within the RAM program becomes the fun-damental foundation for all plant operations and main-tenance efforts. Program development includes theelements detailed in paras. 6.2.1 through 6.2.6.6.2.1 Program

48、Statement. A high-level manage-ment statement shall define the requirements for theRAM program and provide the organization directionto implement the RAM program.6.2.2 Program Goals. Theprogramgoalsareusedtoestablish measurement criteria to validate requirements.The criteria shall be set in the area

49、s of(a) safety(b) reliability(c) availability(d) maintainability6.2.3 Program Organization. An organizationalstructure shall be designed and established to accom-plish the goals of the RAM program. The organizationshall provide accountability for achieving the objectivesand goals. Functionally, these responsibilities includethe following individuals:(a) Owner. The owner provides requirements to theengineerpertainingtopreferencesandconstraintsofthedesign, and provides oversight to the program duringimplementation.(b) Program Manager. The program manager acts asanagentoftheowner