1、STP-PT-052ALIGN MECHANICAL AND CIVIL-STRUCTURAL EARTHQUAKE DESIGN AND QUALIFICATION RULES FOR ASME B31 PIPING SYSTEMS AND PIPELINESSTP-PT-052 ALIGN MECHANICAL AND CIVIL-STRUCTURAL EARTHQUAKE DESIGN AND QUALIFICATION RULES FOR ASME B31 PIPING SYSTEMS AND PIPELINES Prepared by: George Antaki Becht Eng
2、ineering Company Date of Issuance: June 15, 2012 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by ASME Pressure Technologies Codes and Standards and the ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC). Neither ASME, ASME ST-LLC, the author, nor others involved in the preparation or review of
3、 this report, nor any of their respective employees, members or persons acting on their behalf, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or repres
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5、involved in the preparation or review of this report, or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the authors, contributors and reviewers of the report expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of ASME ST-LLC or others involved in the preparation or review of this report, or any agency
6、thereof. ASME ST-LLC does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a publication against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor
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8、dustry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this publication. ASME is the registered trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior writt
9、en permission of the publisher. ASME Standards Technology, LLC Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 978-0-7918-3428-2 Copyright 2012 by ASME Standards Technology, LLC All Rights Reserved Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Design and Qualification Rules STP-PT-052 iii TAB
10、LE OF CONTENTS Foreword v Abstract . vi 1 Recommendations for Seismic Design and Qualification . 1 1.1 Objective . 1 1.2 Overview: Piping Systems Seismic Design and Qualification Standards . 1 1.3 How the Interface Should Work 2 1.4 Recommendations for MSS-SP-127-2001 3 1.5 Recommendations for ASCE-
11、7-05 5 1.6 Recommendations Regarding ASCE-7 Factor aP6 1.7 Recommendations Regarding ASCE-7 Factor Rp. 6 1.8 Recommendation for ASME B31 and ASME III 7 2 Earthquake and Seismic Test Performance of Piping Systems Experimental Methods 8 2.1 Chronological Bibliography 8 2.2 Conclusions from Seismic Tes
12、ts . 21 2.3 Conclusions from Post-Earthquake Investigations 21 3 Seismic Testing of Piping Systems 25 3.1 Codes and Standards . 25 3.2 Test Plan 25 3.3 U.S. Test Facilities 26 Annex A - Stress Analysis Outline . 27 Acknowledgments 30 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - ASCE 43 FInelastic Energy Absorption Fact
13、or 7 Table 2 - Seismic Shake Tables in the U.S. . 26 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - How the Seismic Analysis and Qualification Process Should Work . 2 Figure 2 - Classic Example of Ductility of Non-Corroded, Well-Constructed, Welded Steel Pipe . 6 Figure 3 - E.M. Beaney Test, 1985 11 Figure 4 - E.M. Bea
14、ney Test, 1991 11 Figure 5 - K. Yahiaoui, et al. Test, 1992 12 Figure 6 - EPRI, 1994, Component Tests . 12 Figure 7 - EPRI, System 1 Test 13 Figure 8 - EPRI Test Elbow Failure . 14 Figure 9 - EPRI Test Vessel-Pipe Nozzle Weld Failure 14 STP-PT-052 Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Des
15、ign and Qualification Rules iv Figure 10 - EPRI Test Fatigue Ratcheting 15 Figure 11 - EPRI, System 2 Test 16 Figure 12 - EPRI System Test 2 Tee Failure 17 Figure 13 - ETEC System Test . 17 Figure 14 - Westinghouse Hanford Test . 18 Figure 15 - Heissdampfreactor (Germany) Test . 18 Figure 16 - Tadot
16、su 1/2.5 Modified Loop Scale Test . 19 Figure 17 - EPRI Prototype Test . 19 Figure 18 - KWU/TUV System Test 20 Figure 19 - KWU Loop Test . 20 Figure 20 - Seismic Anchor Motion Failure . 22 Figure 21 - Failure of Ceiling-Attached Pipe Supports 22 Figure 22 - Failure of Pipe Supports Due to Insufficie
17、nt Edge Distance 23 Figure 23 - Failure of Overhead Pipe Sliding Guide 23 Figure 24 - Failure of Welded Attachment to Backup Structure 23 Figure 25 - Ground Liquefaction Causes the Saddle Supports to Sag Down, Pipe Did Not Fail . 24 Figure 26 - Failure of Mechanical Pipe Coupling . 24 Figure 27 - In
18、stance of Inertial-Induced Failure of Threaded Elbow . 24 Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Design and Qualification Rules STP-PT-052 v FOREWORD This report provides recommendations for an improved interface between current seismic design, analysis and qualification codes and standard
19、s, as well as recommendations for improvements of these codes and standards, to achieve a consistent, complete, and non-redundant set of requirements and guidance for the design engineers. Established in 1880, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional not-for-profit organ
20、ization with more than 127,000 members promoting the art, science and practice of mechanical and multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences. ASME develops codes and standards that enhance public safety, and provides lifelong learning and technical exchange opportunities benefiting the enginee
21、ring and technology community. Visit www.asme.org for more information. The ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC) is a not-for-profit Limited Liability Company, with ASME as the sole member, formed in 2004 to carry out work related to newly commercialized technology. The ASME ST-LLC mission i
22、ncludes meeting the needs of industry and government by providing new standards-related products and services, which advance the application of emerging and newly commercialized science and technology and providing the research and technology development needed to establish and maintain the technica
23、l relevance of codes and standards. Visit www.stllc.asme.org for more information. STP-PT-052 Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Design and Qualification Rules vi ABSTRACT The objective of this report is three-fold: 1. Conduct and document a literature search to obtain data on the perf
24、ormance (displacements, support and anchor loads, and failure) of piping subjected to earthquake motions. The document will present in a clear and structured format information concerning seismic performance of piping systems from experimental data and from high magnitude earthquake data on piping p
25、erformance collected from post-earthquake investigation reports. 2. Provide recommendations for an improved interface between current seismic design, analysis and qualification codes and standards, as well as recommendations for improvements of these codes and standards, to achieve a consistent, com
26、plete, and non-redundant set of requirements and guidance for the design engineers. 3. Summarize U.S. seismic shake table test capabilities for piping components and piping systems. The current situation regarding codes and standards for the seismic analysis and qualification of piping systems needs
27、 improvements. In Section 1 of this report, specific recommendations are made for improvement of the interface between ASCE, ASME, and MSS-SP and improvements within ASCE-7 and MSS-SP-127. These recommendations are intended to achieve a better fit between the codes and standards, and clarify their r
28、equirements. A diagram depicts how the interface between ASCE, ASME, and MSS-Sp should work. Annex A outlines the contents of a good piping system seismic analysis and qualification procedure. Section 2 documents experience in seismic testing of piping components and piping, and their performance in
29、 real earthquakes. Section 3 summarizes capabilities for seismic shake table testing in the U.S. Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Design and Qualification Rules STP-PT-052 1 1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN AND QUALIFICATION 1.1 Objective This Section provides recommendations for
30、 an improved interface between current seismic design, analysis and qualification codes and standards, as well as recommendations for improvements of these codes and standards, to achieve a consistent, complete, and non-redundant set of requirements and guidance for the design engineer. 1.2 Overview
31、: Piping Systems Seismic Design and Qualification Standards Currently, there are a number of codes and standards that address the seismic qualification of piping systems: The International building Code (IBC), which since 2000 has consolidated and replaced a number of other building codes. IBC refer
32、s to ASCE 7. By doing so, it avoids overlap and possibly contradictions with ASCE-7. ASCE 7 Section 13, which provides the seismic input to be applied in the analysis of piping systems (the demand) and, for process and power piping, refers to ASME B31 for one option for qualification. The exceptions
33、 from explicit seismic qualification (systems that do not require seismic bracing) are not consistent with ASME B31 and ASME B31E. ASCE 43 applies to seismic design of safety-related structures, systems and components in nuclear facilities (in practice nuclear process facilities, such as U.S. Depart
34、ment of Energy facilities) as opposed to nuclear power plants. ASCE 4 and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Standard Review Plan NUREG 0800 Chapter 3, applies to the analysis and qualification of safety-related piping systems in nuclear power plants. ASME B31 applies to power plant piping systems (
35、B31.1), process plant piping systems (B31.3), pipelines (B31.4 and B31.8), utility systems (B31.5 and B31.9), and hydrogen systems (B31.12). The B31 code books do not address the seismic input (the demand), but they address the seismic capacity in the form of stress limits for occasional loads, but
36、between ASME B31 code books, not all the occasional stress limits are the same. ASME B31E is meant to apply to all ASME B31 code books for above-ground metallic piping systems. It provides a well-structured overview of the seismic qualification process, and it provides guidance on when to use qualif
37、ication by analysis and when to use qualification by rule. Qualification by analysis is based on the stress limit of 2.4Sh, which is larger than current ASME B31 stress limits for occasional loads. MSS-SP-127 is a standard for design by rule of piping (spans) and braces (standard bracing details). I
38、ts primary value to the designer is in the figures of seismic bracing. The seismic input (demand) is not consistent with ASCE-7, and the spans are based on fire protection standard NFPA-13 and not on the ASME B31 code or the ASME B31E standard. NFPA-13 is similar to MSS-SP-127 and applies to sprinkl
39、er systems. It uses a design by rule approach, and permits analysis but without explicit analysis requirements, relying instead on the professional engineer. FEMA 450 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures. This document has a Section 6.4 Mechanic
40、al and Electrical Components, which has requirements redundant with ASCE-7, and others, which contradict STP-PT-052 Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthquake Design and Qualification Rules 2 ASCE-7. Its “Appendix to Chapter 6 Alternative Provisions for the Design of Piping Systems” is in many
41、 places a copy of ASME B31E, yet it does not reference B31E. This FEMA document is at places redundant and in others contradictory to ASME B31E and ASCE-7. The State of California Office of Safety Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) regulates seismic bracing of piping systems in critical facilit
42、ies, such as hospitals. SMACNA “Guidelines for Seismic Restraints of Mechanical Systems and Plumbing Piping Systems” applies to duct piping and plumbing systems. Vendor-specific standards include R-0003 the Superstrut “Seismic Restraint System,“ R-0114 B-Line System, R-0120 Unistrut “Seismic Bracing
43、 Systems,“ Tolco “Seismic Restraint Systems Guidelines,” Cooper B-Line Seismic Restraints, Loos it is site-specific and building-specific and it belongs to IBC (and ASCE 7 by reference). Recommendation SP-9. The bracing figures are quite valuable. However, because the input load does not comply with
44、 IBC/ASCE-7, the actual member sizes should not be used without verification by calculations based on the IBC/ASCE-7 input load. Instead of pre-sized members, the standard should provide step-by-step calculation procedures to size braces, with examples. Align Mechanical and Civil-Structural Earthqua
45、ke Design and Qualification Rules STP-PT-052 5 1.5 Recommendations for ASCE-7-05 Recommendation ASCE7-1. Section 13.2.1 of ASCE 7 (similar in 13.6.5) “ shall comply with the sections referenced in Table 13.2-1” add “except where exempted in accordance with Section 13.1.4”. Recommendation ASCE7-2. AS
46、CE 7 Sections 2.4.1 and 13.1.7 and 15.1.2 Should a statement be added along the lines of “Where 0.7E is used for allowable stress design, the design code allowances for an increase in seismic allowable stress shall not be permitted”? In other words, should the ASME B31 occasional load (seismic) allo
47、wable stress of 1.3S (30% increase over S the allowable for sustained loads) be used together with 0.7E? Recommendation ASCE7-3. ASCE 7 Section 13.3 Add a new section for dynamic analysis along these lines: “13.3.3 Seismic Dynamic Input. Where the designer selects to design using response spectra mo
48、dal analysis, the seismic design input response spectrum in the horizontal direction shall be in accordance with Section 11.4.5, where the spectrum is multiplied by (1 + 2 z/h) / RP. Alternatively, building-specific in-structure spectra may be used. The vertical input may be 0.2 SDSunless building-s
49、pecific in-structure spectra are developed.” Recommendation ASCE7-4. ASCE 7 Section 1.5.2 and Table 1.1 and definition of Hazardous Content in 11.2 In addition to “public,” add “worker and environment”. Recommendation ASCE7-5. ASCE 7 Section 13.1.3 Table 1.1 refers appropriately to “threshold quantity”. The same should be added to 13.1.3 item 2: “The component contains hazardous materials of a quantity that could be dangerous to the public, the worker, or the environment.” Recommendation ASCE7-6. ASCE 7 Table 13.6
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