ASME Y14 3-2012 Orthographic and Pictorial Views《正字法和图形视图》.pdf

1、Orthographic and Pictorial ViewsEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME Y14.3-2012Revision of ASME Y14.3-2003 (R2008)and Consolidation of ASME Y14.4M-1989 (R2009)ASME Y14.3ADOPTION NOTICEASME Y14.3, “Orthographic and Pictorial Views,” was adopted on 2

2、8 January 2013 for use by the Department ofDefense(DoD).ProposedchangesbyDoDactivitiesmustbesubmittedtotheDoDAdoptingActivity:Commander,U.S. ARDEC, ATTN RDAR-QES-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 or emailed tousarmy.picatinny.ardec.list.ardec-stdzn-branchmail.mil. Copies of this document may be pu

3、rchased from TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, New York, United States, 10016.http:/www.asme.org.Custodians: Adopting Activity:Army AR Army ARNavy SA (ProjectDRPR-2013-006)Air Force 16DLADHReview Activities:Army AV, CR, MI, PT, TE, TMNavy AS, CG, CH, MC, NPAir F

4、orce 04, 13, 99DLAISOSDSEOther CM, MP, DC2, NSNOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the dateof this document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you shouldverify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online databaseat https:/assis

5、t.dla.mil.AREA DRPRASME Y14.3-2012Orthographicand PictorialViewsEngineering Drawing and RelatedDocumentation PracticesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDRevision of ASME Y14.3-2003 (R2008)Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USAandConsolidationofASMEY14.4M-1989(R2009)Date of Issuance: August 30, 2013This St

6、andard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no written inter-pretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.Periodically certain actions of the ASME Y14 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web

7、site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are published.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide correc-tions to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards.

8、 Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appro-priate Committee Page

9、 after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that ap

10、proved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, ac

11、ademia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this documen

12、t, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infring

13、ement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an elec

14、tronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSForeword viCommit

15、tee Roster viiCorrespondence With the Y14 Committee viii1 General . 12 References . 23 Terms and Definitions 34 Pictorial View Creation . 35 Orthographic View Creation . 136 Principal Orthographic Views 207 Drawings With Orthographic Views 248 Section Views in Orthographic Projection 309 Saved Views

16、 4110 Conventional Representation 5111 Exploded Pictorial Assembly Views 6512 Pictorial Views as Illustrations 66Figures4-1 Kinds of Projection 64-2 Isometric Projection . 74-3 Dimetric Projection 74-4 Trimetric Projection . 84-5 Choice of Axonometric View . 84-6 Oblique Projection . 94-7 Oblique Pr

17、ojections and Effect of Foreshortening 104-8 One-Point Perspective . 104-9 Two-Point Perspective 114-10 Three-Point Perspective 114-11 Location of Point of Sight in Perspective . 124-12 Pictorial View Coordinate System . 125-1 Orthographic Projections to Form Orthographic Views 145-2 Space and Ortho

18、graphic Arrangement of Views (Third-Angle Projection) 155-3 Space and Orthographic Arrangement of Views (First-Angle Projection) 165-4 Third-Angle Projection Standard Arrangement of the Six Principal Orthographic Views 175-5 First-Angle Projection Standard Arrangement of the Six Principal Orthograph

19、ic Views 175-6 Arrow Method Principal Views 185-7 Arrow Proportions 185-8 Projection Symbol 196-1 Removed View . 216-2 Arrow Method Removed View 216-3 Rotated View 226-4 Arrow Method Rotated View . 226-5 Rotation Arrow 226-6 Removed View When Multiple Drawing Graphic Sheets Are Used . 23iv7-1 Drawin

20、gs With One View . 257-2 Drawings With Two Views . 257-3 Drawing With Three Orthographic Views . 267-4 Drawing With Three Orthographic Views of a Stamping . 267-5 Front View and Partial Auxiliary Views. 277-6 Partial Auxiliary View . 277-7 Partial Auxiliary, Partial Front, and Right-Side Views . 287

21、-8 Partial Primary and Secondary Auxiliary Views 287-9 Detail . 297-10 Phantom Lines for Related Parts . 298-1 Section Lining . 328-2 Zone Referencing for Removed Sections . 328-3 Full Section, Cutting Plane Omitted . 338-4 Half Section, Cutting Plane Omitted 338-5 Identifying Sections . 348-6 Arrow

22、 Method Identifying Sections 358-7 Bent and Offset Cutting Planes 358-8 Full Section . 368-9 Half Section, Assembly . 368-10 Omission of Visible Lines . 378-11 Omission of Hidden Lines . 378-12 Constructed Offset Section View . 388-13 Aligned Section 388-14 Removed Section . 398-15 Removed Sections

23、on Center Lines . 398-16 Revolved Sections 408-17 Broken-Out Sections 408-18 Auxiliary Sections 409-1 Model . 439-2 Model and Drawing Graphic Sheet 449-3 Design Model With Offset Section 459-4 Design Model Cutting Plane 469-5 Design Model With Cutting-Plane Intersection Lines Shown 479-6 Axonometric

24、 Views, Coordinate System Shown, Section View Rotated . 489-7 Drawing Graphic Sheet, Cutting-Plane Intersection Lines Shown 499-8 Section View in the Same Orientation as the View Containing the Cutting Plane 5010-1 Line Precedence . 5210-2 Use of Hidden Lines in Pictorial . 5310-3 Rotated Features t

25、o Show True Shape 5310-4 Small Intersections . 5410-5 Large Intersections 5410-6 Conventional Representation, Filleted and Rounded Corners . 5510-7 Conventional Representations, Fillets, Rounds, and Runouts 5510-8 Fillets and Rounds . 5610-9 Conventional Representation, Breaks in Elongated Features

26、. 5710-10 Break Lines . 5810-11 Section Through Ribs 5810-12 Conventional Representation of Ribs . 5910-13 True Geometry Through Ribs 5910-14 Section Across Ribs 6010-15 Section Views and Section Lining . 6010-16 Section Through Assembly 6110-17 Section Through Shafts, Keys, Bolts, Nuts, and Like It

27、ems. 6110-18 Spokes in Section . 6210-19 Rotated Features 62v10-20 Conventional Representation of Rotated Features . 6310-21 Intersections in Section . 6310-22 Intersections 6411-1 Comparison of Standard Section With Exploded Assembly . 65Nonmandatory AppendicesA Space Geometry . 67B Space Analysis

28、and Applications 72C Illustrations . 78Index 83viFOREWORDThis issue is a revision of ASME Y14.3-2003, formerly titled “Multiview and Sectional View Drawings.” This revi-sion of ASME Y14.3 was initiated in response to industry and DoD requests that international practices and computer aided design (C

29、AD) capabilities be accommodated. The work on this revision of the standard began in April 2009 in a virtual meeting of the ASME Y14 Subcommittee 3 (SC3). Work moved forward with a focus on adding practices relevant to CAD utilization. Following the April 2009 meeting, the chairman of SC3, B. A. Wil

30、son, and the chairman of SC4, J. D. Keith, began discussions regarding the possible merge of content from ASME Y14.3 and Y14.4 to locate orthographic and pictorial view requirements in one standard. A new scope and charter of SC3 was drafted to cover the combined content, and it was submitted to the

31、 ASME Y14 committee for approval. Approval was given and members of SC4 were combined with SC3. ASME Y14.3 was given a new title of “Orthographic and Pictorial Views.”The first meeting of the combined subcommittees was held in April, 2010. During 2010, the chairman of SC3 began working with N. H. Sm

32、ith, chairman of SC41, to determine if view-specific content in ASME Y14.41 should be moved into ASME Y14.3. The cooperative efforts between SC3 and SC41 resulted in movement of view-specific content from ASME Y14.41 into ASME Y14.3. ASME Y14.3 now includes requirements for orthographic and pictoria

33、l views, whether product definition is accom-plished by 2D drawing only, model only, or both. Generally, view requirements are applicable regardless of means of creation, but there are some specific requirements limited in applicability based on view creation method.This revision of ASME Y14.3 conti

34、nues a transition to standardize view requirements that are compatible with CAD capabilities and common industry practices. The inclusion of CAD specific requirements was initiated in the development of ASME Y14.3-2003 as well as in the development of ASME Y14.41-2003. It is expected that in the fut

35、ure, the requirements in ASME Y14.3 will continue to move towards one set of requirements that are consist-ent regardless of view creation method. At this time, there are practices that are limited to constructed views or to model-based views. It is anticipated that future revisions of this Standard

36、 will continue to expand coverage of view requirements for CAD-created views with the constructed view conventions potentially being removed when there is no longer a need for them.Significant revisions include the following:(a) reorganizing to include and advance the content of ASME Y14.3-2003, ASM

37、E Y14.4-1989(R2004), and applica-ble paragraphs and figures from ASME Y14.41-2012(b) making view requirements based on CAD practices and capabilities more prevalent throughout the standard (c) noting as such, requirements applicable to only constructed views , and excluding from constructed view pra

38、c-tices, the newer practices when applicable only to CAD-created views In this Standard, anything identified as a requirement is mandatory. Compliance with requirements is not optional except where more than one method is provided in which case one of the options shall be used. Actions, drawing elem

39、ents, or other items identified as practices are typical but are not required, except where those practices are expressed as requirements or specified as practices to be used.The successful revision of this Standard is attributed to the commitment of the committee members and the sup-port of their s

40、ponsoring companies. The commitment of their time and contributed expertise are gratefully acknowl-edged. J.D. Keith, former chairman of ASME Y14 SC4, worked alongside with the SC3 chairman to keep the work on schedule and ensure that it was technically correct. N.H. Smith, chairman of ASME Y14 SC41

41、, worked closely with the SC3 chairman to transition technical content from ASME Y14.41 to ASME Y14.3. L.F. Irwin served as a technical liaison between SC3 and SC41 to ensure the technical intent of the Y14.41 material was correctly merged into Y14.3. R.H. Settle created the figures for this and the

42、 previous edition of ASME Y14.3. J.B. Burleigh, R.G. Campbell, R.R. Cruz, J.I. Miles, and A. Watts served as section leaders, each of whom worked to develop the first draft of one or more of the Sections.It is our intention for future revisions of this Standard to continue moving us forward towards

43、defining common practices that are applicable regardless of view creation methods. Interested parties are invited to contact ASME for involvement in future development efforts. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be addressed to The American Society of Mechanical En

44、gineers; Attn: Secretary, Y14 Standards Committee; Two Park Avenue; New York, NY 10016-5990. This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 30, 2012.viiASME Y14 COMMITTEEEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices(The following is the roster of the Committee at t

45、he time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. Bakos, Jr., ChairW. A. Kaba, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELA. R. Anderson, Dimensional Dynamics, LLC E. F. McCarthy, Raytheon Missile SystemsF. Bakos, Jr., Consultant P. J. McCuistion, Ohio University

46、J. V. Burleigh, Consultant J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows ASME Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)ISO 128-30, Technical drawings General principles of presentation Part 30: Basic conventions for views.Publisher: International Organization for Stand

47、ard ization (ISO) Central Secretariat 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (www.iso.org)ASME Y14.3-201233 TERMS AND DEFINITIONSThe following terms are defined as their use applies in this Standard.3.1 Adjacent Viewsadjacent views: two adjoining orthographic

48、 views aligned by projectors.3.2 Constructed Viewconstructed view: a view that is created by hand or with computer software without being dependent on a model.3.3 Design Modeldesign model: the portion of the data set that contains model geometry and supplemental geometry (see ASME Y14.41).3.4 Drawin

49、g Viewdrawing view: orthographic or pictorial views shown on a drawing graphic sheet. A drawing view may be con-structed or it may be a saved view generated from a model.3.5 Modelmodel: a combination of design model, annotation, and attributes that describes a product (see ASME Y14.41).3.6 Projectorprojector: a line either theoretical or real, extending between a point on an object to a viewing plane or extending between points on adjacent views.3.7 Related Viewsrelated views: two views that are adjacent to the same intermediate view.3.8 Saved