ASME Y14 43-2011 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures《量规和固定装置的尺寸规格和公差原则》.pdf

1、Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and FixturesEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME Y14.43-2011Revision of ASME Y14.43-2003 (R2008)ASME Y14.43ADOPTION NOTICEASME Y14.43, Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures,

2、 was adopted on 28 January 2003for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to theDoD Adopting Activity: Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC),ATTN: RDAR-QES-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this do

3、cument may be purchased from TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900,http:/www.asme.org.Custodians: Adopting Activity:Army AR Army ARNavy SAAir Force 16 (Project DRPR-2010-001)DLADHReviewer Activities:Army CR, MI, PT, TMNavy AS, CG, C

4、H, EC, MC, NP, TDAir Force 13, 99DLAISOther MP, NSNOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the dateof this document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you shouldverify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online databaseat http:/as

5、sist.daps.dla.mil.AMSC N/A FSC DRPRDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited.ASME Y14.43-2011Revision of ASME Y14.43-2003 (R2008)Dimensioningand TolerancingPrinciples forGages andFixturesEngineering Drawing and RelatedDocumentation PracticesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL

6、 STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: August 22, 2011This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Periodically, certain acti

7、ons of the ASME Y14 Committee may be published as Code Cases.Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was d

8、eveloped under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard

9、was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any p

10、osition with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code

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12、t or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reprodu

13、ced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.

14、CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viCorrespondence With the Y14 Committee vii1 General. 12 References 13 Definitions 14 Principles. 45 Gage Design 106 Dimensioning and Tolerancing . 187 Usage 308 Fixtures. 33Figures5-1 Fixed Pin Construction . 145-2 Push Pin Construction Type 1 . 155-3 Push Pin

15、Construction Type 2 . 166-1 Datum Target Symbol 206-2 Absolute Tolerancing Method 216-3 Gagemakers Tolerance Classes . 226-4 Gagemakers Tolerance Chart 22Tables6-1 Plug Gage Limit Dimensions Classes ZM, YM, and XM 236-2 Plug Gage Limit Dimensions Class XXM . 256-3 Ring and Snap Gage Limit Dimensions

16、 Classes ZM, YM, and XXM . 276-4 Ring and Snap Gage Limit Dimensions Class XXXM . 29Mandatory AppendicesI Illustrations of Gaging Policy . 35II Material Condition Explanation 41Nonmandatory AppendicesA Examples of Gage Characteristics 47B Gaging Examples and Illustrations . 61C Regardless of Feature

17、 Size (RFS) and Regardless of Material Boundary (RMB) . 129iiiFOREWORDThis Standard contains information showing methods for creating gages and fixtures for featuresthat use principles found in ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing. It addresses GO gagesfor measuring maximum material condition (M

18、MC) and NOGO gages for measuring least materialcondition (LMC). This material was developed from ANSI B4.4-1981, Inspection of workpieces,which has since been retired. This Standard addresses functional gages used for the measurementof geometric tolerances, specifically for the verification of virtu

19、al condition boundaries MMCand maximum material boundary (MMB) concepts. It also shows examples of functional gagesand fixtures used for the measurement of workpiece geometric tolerances referenced at regardlessof feature size (RFS) and regardless of material boundary (RMB). GO, NOGO, and functional

20、gages are primarily used for the collection of attribute data. Fixtures are used to properly simulatedatum features while an end product is being measured for variable data collection and in certainstages of manufacturing.This Standard shows the principles and choices available to design, dimension,

21、 and tolerancegages and fixtures in compliance with the principles in ASME Y14.5-2009 and previous editions.The gages and fixtures displayed in this Standard represent the physical embodiment of thetheory shown in ASME Y14.5 for the simulation of virtual condition (MMC concept) boundariesand proper

22、datum feature simulation.Gages discussed in this Standard deal with the collection of attribute data only (good versusbad information), while fixtures are to be used in conjunction with variable data collection devices.As illustrated in this Standard, fixtures differ from gages in that gages represe

23、nt referenced datumfeatures and controlled features, while fixtures represent only the referenced datum features.The rules and principles in this Standard are consistent with those in ANSI B4.4 and ASME Y14.5.More information and examples of gages and fixtures are presented in this Standard.The unde

24、rstanding of gages and fixtures is the key to understanding dimensioning and toleranc-ing of products in accordance with ASME Y14.5.This Standard is intended to serve the needs of those professionals who are designing gagesand fixtures for workpieces dimensioned and toleranced per ASME Y14.5.Followi

25、ng are the revisions to this edition of ASME Y14.43:(a) Tables have been added to show definitions, sizes, tolerances, tolerance distribution, androughness averages for various gage types and classes of fit (ZM, YM, XM, XXM, and XXXM).(b) The datum feature translation symbol is used and its meaning

26、simulated in gages.(c) Moveable datum target simulators are shown for the movable datum target symbol.(d) Oddly configured datum features are simulated in gages with more information on gageelement sizes.(e) More examples of push pin gages are shown.(f) Threaded holes are shown gaged in improved det

27、ail.(g) Completely disassemblable gages are shown in greater and improved detail.(h) Curved surfaces as datum features are simulated in gages.(i) Releasing and invoking spatial degrees of freedom for datum features is demonstrated andgaged.(j) Radii referenced as datum features are simulated in gage

28、s.(k) Offset slotted datum features are gaged.(l) The new symbol for unequal or unilateral profile tolerances is shown on gages.(m) Planar gaging elements referenced at basic locations are shown.(n) More examples of RFS and RMB datum feature simulators are illustrated.(o) Planar datum features are s

29、imulated at RMB and MMB.(p) Datum feature patterns are simulated at RMB with expanding gage pins.(q) More examples of profile of a surface used on oddly configured holes are shown gaged.(r) Conical datum features are shown fixtured in order to gage radial holes.(s) Complex datum patterns referenced

30、at RMB and MMB were added.ivThese revisions are intended to provide the user with more detailed information and a morein-depth understanding of the design, dimensioning, and tolerancing of gages and fixtures thanpreviously presented.Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They shou

31、ld be sent to TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers; Attn: Secretary, Y14 Committee; Three Park Avenue;New York, NY 10016.This Standard was approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on January 28, 2011.vASME Y14 COMMITTEEEngineering Drawing and Related DocumentationPractices(The follow

32、ing is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. Bakos, Jr., ChairW. A. Kaba, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELA. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control Systems, Inc.F. Bakos, Jr., ConsultantJ. V. Burleigh, ConsultantD.

33、 E. Day, TEC-EASE, Inc.K. Dobert, UGS PLM SolutionsC. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersB. A. Harding, Purdue UniversityD. H. Honsinger, ConsultantW. A. Kaba, Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.K. S. King, BAE SystemsSUBCOMMITTEE 43 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PRINCIPLES FOR GAGES AND FIXT

34、URESJ. D. Meadows, Chair, James D. Meadows however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME

35、procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “en

36、dorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The Y14 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings thatare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe Y14 Standards Committee.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKvi

37、iiASME Y14.43-2011DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PRINCIPLESFOR GAGES AND FIXTURES1 GENERAL1.1 ScopeThis Standard presents the design practices for dimen-sioning and tolerancing of gages and fixtures used forthe verification of maximum material condition (MMC)size envelopes and virtual condition bounda

38、ries gener-ated by geometric tolerances controlled at MMC, anddatum features controlled at maximum material bound-ary (MMB). Some examples of gages and fixtures usedto inspect workpieces using regardless of feature size(RFS) and regardless of material boundary (RMB) areshown in Nonmandatory Appendix

39、 C.Most of these practices focus on the design of receiver-type gages that collect attribute data when used for theverification of workpieces dimensioned and tolerancedin accordance with ASME Y14.5-2009. Some examplesof fixturing workpieces for the collection of variablesdata are shown. These practi

40、ces represent examples ofproduct definitions allowed by ASME Y14.5. SinceASME Y14.5 is not a gaging standard, ASME Y14.43shows the practical embodiment of the theory displayedin ASME Y14.5 by illustrating how the workpieces canbe fixtured and gaged for tolerance verification.For gaging and fixturing

41、 principles and practices, seesections 4 through 8 and Mandatory Appendices I and II.1.2 UnitsThe International System of Units (SI) is featured inthis Standard as it commonly supersedesU.S. Customary units specified on engineering draw-ings. U.S. Customary units could equally well have beenused wit

42、hout prejudice to the principles established.1.3 FiguresThe figures in this Standard are in accordance withASME Y14.5-2009. The figures are intended only as illus-trations to aid the user in understanding the designprinciples and methods of gaging and fixturing designdescribed in the text. Figures m

43、ay show added detailfor emphasis or be incomplete by intent. Numerical val-ues of dimensions and tolerances are illustrative only.1.4 Reference to This StandardWhere drawings are based on this Standard, it shallbe noted on the drawing or in a document referenced1on the drawing. Reference to this Sta

44、ndard shall state“Prepared in accordance with ASME Y14.43-2011.”2 REFERENCESThe following revisions of American NationalStandards form a part of this Standard to the extentspecified herein. A more recent revision may be usedprovided there is no conflict with the text of thisStandard. In the event of

45、 a conflict between the text ofthis Standard and the references cited herein, the textof this Standard shall take precedence.ASME B4.2, Preferred Metric Limits and FitsASME B46.1, Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,Waviness, and Lay)ASME B89.6.2, Temperature and Humidity Environmentfor Dimensional M

46、easurementASME B89.7.2, Dimensional Measurement PlanningASME Y14.36M-1996, Surface Texture SymbolsASME Y14.5-2009, Dimensioning and TolerancingASME Y14.5M-1994, Dimensioning and TolerancingASME Y14.5.1M-1994, Mathematical Definition ofDimensioning and Tolerancing PrinciplesPublisher: The American So

47、ciety of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; ASME Order Department: 22 LawDrive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900(www.asme.org)3 DEFINITIONS3.1 GeneralThe following terms are defined as their use appliesin this Standard. Some terms used in this Standard arer

48、epeated from ASME Y14.5-2009 or ASME Y14.5M-1994and are unique to those issues. In other cases, the termsare common to several versions of ASME Y14.5 and nodate is shown.3.2 Gaging3.2.1 Actual Local Sizeactual local size: the measured value of any individualdistance at any cross section of a feature

49、 of size.ASME Y14.43-20113.2.2 Actual Mating Envelope3.2.2.1 Actual Mating Envelope(ASME Y14.5-2009)actual mating envelope: an envelope outside of the mate-rial. It is a similar perfect feature(s) counterpart of small-est size that can be contracted about an externalfeature(s) or largest size that can be expanded withinan internal feature(s) so that it coincides with the sur-face(s) at the highest points. Two types of actual matingenvelopes unrelated (not constrained to datums) andrelated (constrained to datums) are described below.related a