ASQ 3534-2-2006 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2 Applied statistics (T847E)《统计学 词汇和符号 第2部分 应用统计学应用统计学》.pdf

1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics Approved as an American Nati

2、onal Standard by: American Society for Quality December 3, 2007 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with is scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, an

3、d the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards ar

4、e subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this s

5、tandard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling of writing the American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)iii 2007 by ASQCopyright Protection Notice for the ANS

6、I/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006 Standard.This standard is subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and ASQ. Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ASQ. All requests pertaining to the ANSI/ISO

7、/ASQ 3534-2:2006Standard should be submitted to ASQ.Note: As used in this document, the term “International Standard” refers to the American National Standard adoption of this and other International Standards.ASQ will consider requests for change and information on the submittal of such requests re

8、garding this Standard. All requests should be in writing to the attention of the Standards administrator at the address below.ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual and organizational performance excellence worldwide by providing opportunities for learning, quality improve

9、ment, and knowledge exchange.Published by:COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENTANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)ivAlso available from ASQ Quality Press: StatisticsVocabulary and symbolsPart 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006 StatisticsVocabulary and symbolsPart 3: D

10、esign of experiments ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-3:1999 Glossary and Tables for Statistical Quality Control, Fourth Edition ASQ Statistics Division Process Quality Control: Troubleshooting and Interpretation of Data, Fourth Edition Ellis R. Ott, Edward G. Schilling, and Dean V. Neubauer Applied Statistics for

11、 the Six Sigma Green Belt H. Fred Walker and Bhisham C. Gupta Design of Experiments with Minitab Paul Mathews Innovative Control Charting: Practical SPC Solutions for Todays Manufacturing Environment Stephen A. Wise and Douglas C. Fair The Weibull Analysis Handbook, Second Edition Bryan Dodson To re

12、quest a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http:/www.asq.org/quality-press. ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)v(This page is intentionally left blank.) Contents Page Foreword. vScope 11 Data generation and collection . 21.1 Systems of refere

13、nce values for characteristics. 21.2 Sources of data . 51.3 Types of sampling. 122 Statistical process management. 182.1 General process related concepts. 182.2 Variation-related concepts 202.3 Control-related charts 232.4 Control chart components. 292.5 Fundamental terms related to process performa

14、nce and process capability . 332.6 Process performance measured data 392.7 Process capability measured data. 433 Specifications, values and test results 483.1 Specification-related concepts . 483.2 Determination of characteristics and quantities. 513.3 Properties of test and measurement methods 543.

15、4 Properties of test and measurement results . 593.5 Capability of detection . 614 Inspection and general acceptance sampling 644.1 Types of inspection 644.2 Types of acceptance sampling inspection 674.3 Acceptance sampling inspection system aspects 704.4 Acceptance criteria 724.5 Types of operating

16、 characteristic curves 754.6 Terms relating to operating characteristics 764.7 Outgoing quality concepts and average inspection effort. 805 Sampling of bulk materials 825.1 Concepts related to bulk materials. 825.2 Bulk sampling aspects. 835.3 Bulk sample preparation 865.4 Procedural aspects 88Annex

17、 A (normative) Symbols and abbreviated terms 90Annex B (informative) Methodology used to develop the vocabulary 93Bibliography . 116Symbols list 118Alphabetical index . 119French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique). 122ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)viiSommaire Page Avant-propos.viDomaine dapplicatio

18、n .11 Gnration et recueil de donnes .21.1 Systmes de valeurs de rfrence pour les caractristiques21.2 Sources de donnes.51.3 Types dchantillonnage 122 Gestion statistique du processus .182.1 Concepts gnraux relatifs au processus .182.2 Concepts relatifs la variation202.3 Cartes de contrle 232.4 Compo

19、santes dune carte de contrle292.5 Termes fondamentaux relatifs la performance et laptitude du processus332.6 Performance du processus donnes mesures .392.7 Aptitude du processus donnes mesures.433 Spcifications, valeurs et rsultats dessai483.1 Concepts relatifs la spcification.483.2 Dtermination des

20、 caractristiques et des grandeurs513.3 Caractristiques des mthodes dessai et de mesure543.4 Caractristiques des rsultats dessai et de mesure 593.5 Aptitude de dtection .614 Contrle et chantillonnage pour acceptation .644.1 Types de contrle .644.2 Type de contrle par chantillonnage pour acceptation67

21、4.3 Systme de contrle par chantillonnage pour acceptation .704.4 Critres dacceptation 724.5 Types de courbes defficacit754.6 Termes relatifs lefficacit.764.7 Concepts relatifs la qualit aprs contrle et quantit moyenne contrle805 chantillonnage des matriaux en vrac .825.1 Concepts relatifs aux matria

22、ux en vrac825.2 Aspects de lchantillonnage en vrac.835.3 Prparation de lchantillon en vrac .865.4 Aspects procduraux .88Annexe A (normative) Symboles et abrviations90Annexe B (informative) Mthodologie utilise pour laborer le vocabulaire .93Bibliographie 116Liste des symboles 118Index alphabtique ang

23、lais (Alphabetical index) 119Index alphabtique.122ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)viiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through

24、 ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborate

25、s closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards

26、. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this

27、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3534-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols.This second edition cancels and rep

28、laces the first edition (ISO 3534-2:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistics Vocabulary and symbols: Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability Part 2: Applied statistics Part 3: Design of experiments

29、ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)ixAvant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdration mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intre

30、ss par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui

31、concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale des comits techniques est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniqu

32、es sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des comits membres votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de dr

33、oits analogues. LISO ne saurait tre tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et averti de leur existence. LISO 3534-2 a t labore par le comit technique ISO/TC 69, Application des mthodes statistiques,sous-comit SC 1, Terminologie et symboles.Cette deuxime dition annu

34、le et remplace la premire dition (ISO 3534-2:1993), qui a fait lobjet dune rvision technique. LISO 3534 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles: Partie 1: Termes statistiques gnraux et termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits Partie 2: Statist

35、ique applique Partie 3: Plans dexprience ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)xINTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006(E)Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2:Applied statistics Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 2:Statistique applique Scope Domaine dapplication This pa

36、rt of ISO 3534 defines applied statisticsterms, and expresses them in a conceptualframework in accordance with ISO normativeterminology practice. Term entries are arrangedthematically. An alphabetical index is provided.Standardized symbols and abbreviations aredefined. It has been recognized that th

37、e acceptance ofapplied statistics as a means to improving theeffectiveness and efficiency of organizations hasbeen hampered by the complexity and confusionintroduced by conflicting designation and usage ofterms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols. The two principal purposes of this part of ISO 3

38、534 are, specifically, to establish a common vocabularyfor use throughout ISO/TC 69 standards, togetherwith the broader intent to enhance the preciseness,clarity and cohesiveness in the usage/application ofapplied statistics generally. The mathematical levelhas deliberately been kept to a low level

39、in order forthe content to be made readily comprehensible tothe widest possible readership. ISO 3534-1 and ISO 3534-2 are intended to becompatible. However, ISO 3534-1, on terms used inprobability and statistics, is foundational; so, bynecessity, it is presented at a more sophisticatedmathematical l

40、evel than ISO 3534-2. As users of thispart of ISO 3534 on applied statistics mayoccasionally consult ISO 3534-1 for certain terms,copious notes and examples in ISO 3534-1 follow selected terms providing colloquial explanations offormal terms. La prsente partie de lISO 3534 dfinit les termes relatifs

41、 la statistique applique et les prsente dans un cadre conceptuel conforme la pratique normative en terminologie de lISO. Les entres terminologiques sont disposes de faon thmatique. Un index alphabtique est fourni. Les symboles et abrviations normaliss sont dfinis. Il est reconnu que lacceptation des

42、 statistiques appliques comme un moyen damliorer lefficacit et lefficience des organismes est entrave par la complexit et la confusion engendre par les erreurs de dsignation et dutilisation des termes, dfinitions, abrviations et symboles. Les deux principaux objectifs de la prsente partie de lISO 35

43、34 sont, plus particulirement, dtablir un vocabulaire commun lensemble des normes de lISO/TC 69, ainsi que, plus largement, damliorer la prcision, la clart et la cohrence de lutilisation/lapplication gnrale des statistiques appliques. Le niveau mathmatique est dlibrment dun niveau faible afin que le

44、 contenu soit comprhensible par la plus grande majorit deslecteurs. LISO 3534-1 et lISO 3534-2 sont destines tre compatibles. Nanmoins, lISO 3534-1, qui traite des termes utiliss dans le domaine des probabilits et des statistiques, est fondamentale et se prsente de ce fait un niveau mathmatique plus

45、 sophistiqu que lISO 3534-2. Les utilisateurs de la prsente partie de lISO 3534 relative la statistique applique pouvant avoir consulter lISO 3534-1 pour certains termes, les nombreux exemples et notes qui suivent des termes slectionns de la partie 1 fournissent des explications plus familires aux d

46、finitions formelles. 11 Data generation and collection 1 Gnration et recueil de donnes 1.1 Systems of reference values for characteristics 1.1 Systmes de valeurs de rfrence pour les caractristiques 1.1.1 characteristic distinguishing featureNOTE 1 A characteristic can be inherent or assigned. NOTE 2

47、 A characteristic can be qualitative orquantitative. NOTE 3 There are various classes of characteristics,such as the following: physical (e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical,biological); sensory (e.g. relating to smell, touch, taste, sight,hearing); behavioural (e.g. courtesy, honesty, veracity);

48、temporal (e.g. punctuality, reliability, availability); ergonomic (e.g. physiological characteristic or relatedto human safety); functional (e.g. maximum speed of an aircraft). ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.1 1.1.1 caractristique trait distinctif NOTE 1 Une caractristique peut tre intrinsque ou assigne. NOTE 2 Une caractristique peut tre qualitative ou quantitative. NOTE 3 Il existe diffrents types de caractristiques, telles que: physiques (par exemple mcaniques, lectriques, chimiques, biologiques