ASQ E14004-2004 Environmental Management Systems - General Guidelines on Principles Systems and Support Techniques (T14004E)《环境管理系统总指导方针原则系统及支持技术》.pdf

1、ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14004-2004 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14004-2004 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Environmental management sys

2、tems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques Approved as a American National Standard by: American Society for Quality An American National Standard Approved on January 1 O, 2005 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substa

3、ntially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or

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6、calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14004-2004 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques 02004 by ASQ Copyright Protection Notice for the ANSI/ISO/ASQ E 14004-2004 American Na

7、tional Standard. This American National Standard is subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and ASQ. Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ASQ. All requests pertaining to the ANSI

8、/ISO/ASQ E 14004-2004 American National Standard should be submitted to ASQ. Note: As used in this document, the term “International Standard” refers to the American National Standard adoption of this and other International Standards. ASQ will consider requests for change and information on the sub

9、mittal of such requests regarding this Standard. All requests should be in writing to the attention of the Standards administrator at the address below. ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual and organizational performance excellence worldwide by providing opportunities fo

10、r learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange. Contents Page 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Environmental management system elements . Ge ne ra I . Environmental policy Planning . Implementation and operation . Checking Manage me nt review

11、Annex A (informative) Examples of correspondence between environmental management system elements . Bi bl i og rap hy . 1 1 1 5 5 8 10 19 28 32 35 41 iii Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The

12、work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gover

13、nmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISOAEC Directives, Part 2. The

14、 main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

15、 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. IS0 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. IS0 14004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmenfal managemenf, Subcommittee SC

16、1, Environmenfal managemenf sysfems. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 14004:1996), which has been technically revised. iv ANSI/ISO/ASQ EI 4004-2004 In trod u ction As concern grows for continually improving the quality of the environment, organizations of all types and

17、 sizes are increasingly turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services. The environmental performance of an organization is of importance to internal and external interested parties. Achieving sound environmental performance requires organizational co

18、mmitment to a systematic approach and to continual improvement of an environmental management system (EMS). The general purpose of this International Standard is to provide assistance to organizations that wish to implement or improve an environmental management system and thereby improve their envi

19、ronmental performance. This International Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management. This International Standard can be used by organizations of all types, sizes and levels o

20、f maturity, and in all sectors and geographic locations. The special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are incorporated, and this International Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an environmental management system. This International Standard is part of the

21、series of environmental management standards established by ISO/TC 207. In this series, only IS0 14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for certification/registration purposes or for self-declaration purposes. This International Standard includes examples, descriptions and optio

22、ns that aid both in the implementation of an environmental management system and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization. While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the IS0 14001 environmental management system model, they are not inten

23、ded to provide interpretations of the requirements of IS0 14001. For ease of use, the subclauses of Clause 4 of IS0 14001 have the same numbering as in IS0 14004. However, the latter has extra subclauses (e.g. 4.3.1 .I or 4.3.3.3), where detailed or additional guidance for an effective environmental

24、 management system implementation is considered useful. Apart from this International Standard and IS0 14001, there are numerous other environmental management standards in the series of International Standards established by ISO/TC 207. A reference to and description of these International Standard

25、s can be found in the IS0 publication The IS0 14000 Family of Infernafional Sfandards. This International Standard describes the elements of an environmental management system and provides organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an environmental management sys

26、tem. Such a system can substantially enhance an organizations ability to anticipate, identify and manage its interactions with the environment, meet its environmental objectives and ensure ongoing compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization sub

27、scribes. Examples and approaches are presented throughout this International Standard for illustrative purposes. They are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization. In designing and implementing or improving an environmental management

28、 system, organizations should select approaches that are appropriate to their own circumstances. Environmental management is an integral part of an organizations overall management system. The design of an environmental management system is an ongoing and interactive process. The structure, responsi

29、bilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for implementing environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing efforts in other areas (e.g. operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety). For ease of reading and understanding this Internation

30、al Standard, practical help and general guidance have been separated out and are shown as boxed text. V Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an environmental management system include the need to - recognize that environmental management is among the highest or

31、ganizational priorities, - establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested parties, - identify the environmental aspects of the organizations activities, products and services, - identify the legal requirements and other requirements to which the

32、 organization subscribes, that relate to the organizations environmental aspects, - ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization to the protection of the environment, with clear assignment of accountability and responsibility, - encourage environme

33、ntal planning throughout the product or service life cycle, - establish a process for achieving environmental objectives and targets, - provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training, to comply with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization

34、 subscribes, and to achieve environmental objectives and targets on an ongoing basis, - evaluate environmental performance against the organizations environmental policy, objectives and targets and seek improvement where appropriate, - establish a management process to audit and review the environme

35、ntal management system and to identify opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance, and - encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an environmental management system. Organizations may use this International Standard, or related IS0 documents, in vario

36、us ways, including - as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve its environmental management system, knowing that this International Standard is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment purposes, and - in support of the implementation or improvement of its envir

37、onmental management system. The choice will depend on factors such as - an organizations goals, - the maturity of an organizations management systems (.e. whether the organization has a management system in place that is capable of supporting the inclusion of environmental concerns), - possible adva

38、ntages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organizations current and desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties, and - the size of an organization. An effective environmental management system helps an organization to avoid, reduce

39、or control the adverse environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, achieve compliance with applicable legal and requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes and assist in continually improving environmental performance. Having an environmental man

40、agement system can help an organization assure interested parties that - a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets, - emphasis is placed on prevention, - evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided, and - the systems design

41、 incorporates the process of continual improvement. Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an environmental management system. An organization whose management system incorporates an environmental management system has a framework to balance and integrate economic and environmental intere

42、sts. Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate vi ANSI/ISO/ASQ EI 4004-2004 to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management. It also provides the organization with the opportunity to link environmental objectives and targets with specific financial

43、 outcomes and thus to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and environmental terms. An organization that has implemented an environmental management system can achieve significant competitive advantages. In addition to improved environmental

44、performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective environmental management system include - assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management, - maintaining good publickommunity relations, - satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital, - obtain

45、ing insurance at reasonable cost, - enhancing image and market share, - improving cost control, - reducing incidents that result in liability, - conserving input materials and energy, - facilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their requirements, - promoting environmenta

46、l awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, - fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems, and - improving industry-government relations. vi i (This page intentionally left blank) ANSI/ISO/ASQ EI 4004-2004 Enviro

47、nmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management syste

48、ms. NOTE While the system is not intended to manage occupational health and safety issues, they may be included when an organization seeks to implement an integrated environmental and occupational health and safety management system. The guidelines in this International Standard are applicable to an

49、y organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity. While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the IS0 14001 environmental management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of IS0 14001. 2 Normative references No normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the previous edition (IS0 14004:1996). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 auditor person with the com