ASQ ISO 14024-2001 Environmental labels and declarations - Type I environmental labelling - Principles and procedures (T14024E).pdf

1、ANSI/ISO 14024-2001AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDEnvironmental labels and declarations Type I environmental labelling Principles and proceduresAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITYP.O. BOX 3005MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005ANSI/ISO 14024-2001AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDEnvironmental labels and declarationsType I environ

2、mental labelling Principles and proceduresApproved as an American National Standard by:NSF International (NSF)American Society for Testing and for assessing and demonstrating compliance. This International Standard also establishes the certification procedures for awarding the label. 2 Normative ref

3、erence The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on th

4、is International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently vali

5、d International Standards. ISO 14020:1998, Environmental labels and declarations General principles. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Type I environmental labelling programme voluntary, multiple-criteria-based thi

6、rd party programme that awards a licence which authorizes the use of environmental labels on products indicating overall environmental preferability of a product within a particular product category based on life cycle considerations 3.2 product any goods or service 3.3 product category group of pro

7、ducts which have equivalent function 3.4 product environmental criteria environmental requirements that the product shall meet in order to be awarded an environmental label 3.5 product function characteristic attribute or characteristic in the performance and use of a product 3.6 ecolabelling body t

8、hird party body, and its agents, which conducts a Type I environmental labelling programme 3.7 third party person or body that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the issue in question ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 NOTE “Parties involved“ are usually supplier (“first party

9、“) and purchaser (“second party“) interests. 3.8 interested party any party affected by a Type I environmental labelling programme ANSI/ISO 14024 200123.9 licensee party authorized by an ecolabelling body to use a Type I environmental label 3.10 environmental aspect element of an organizations activ

10、ities, products or services which can interact with the environment NOTE A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect which has, or can have, a significant environmental impact. ISO 14001:1996 3.11 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wh

11、olly or partially resulting from an organizations activities, products or services ISO 14001:1996 3.12 certification procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 3.13 licence (for Type I environmen

12、tal labelling) document, issued under the rules of a certification system, by which an ecolabelling body grants to a person or body the right to use Type I environmental labels for its products or services in accordance with the rules of the environmental labelling programme 3.14 fitness for purpose

13、 ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 4 Objective of Type I environmental labelling The overall goal of environmental labels and declarations is, through communication of verifiable and accurate information, that is not mi

14、sleading, on environmental aspects of products and services, to encourage the demand for and supply of those products and services that cause less stress on the environment, thereby stimulating the potential for market-driven continuous environmental improvement. The objective of Type I environmenta

15、l labelling programmes is to contribute to a reduction in the environmental impacts associated with products, through the identification of products that meet a specific Type I programmes criteria for overall environmental preferability. The objective of this International Standard is to secure tran

16、sparency and credibility in implementing Type I environmental labelling programmes and to harmonize the principles and procedures applicable to the programmes. 5 Principles 5.1 Voluntary nature of the programme Type I environmental labelling programmes, including those developed or operated by gover

17、nment-sponsored agencies, shall be voluntary in nature. 5.2 Relationship with ISO 14020 In addition to the requirements of this International Standard, the principles set out in ISO 14020 shall apply. Where this International Standard provides for more specific requirements than ISO 14020, such spec

18、ific requirements shall apply. 5.3 Relationship with legislation A precondition for the granting and maintenance of a licence to use a Type I environmental label shall be the compliance by the applicant with environmental and other relevant legislation. 5.4 Life cycle consideration The objective of

19、reducing environmental impacts and not merely transferring impacts across media or stages of the product life cycle is best served by considering the whole product life cycle when setting product environmental criteria. ANSI/ISO 14024 2001 3 Life cycle stages to be taken into account when developing

20、 the product environmental criteria should include: extraction of resources, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal relating to relevant cross-media environmental indicators. Any departure from this comprehensive approach or selective use of restricted environmental issues shall be justified.

21、 5.5 Selectivity Product environmental criteria shall be established to differentiate environmentally preferable products from others in the product category, based on a measurable difference in environmental impact. Product environmental criteria should differentiate between products only when thes

22、e differences are significant. Testing and verification methodologies used to evaluate products have different levels of precision and accuracy. This should be considered when determining the significance of this difference. Once product environmental criteria are established according to the above

23、paragraph, all products which meet the criteria shall be eligible to use the label. 5.6 Product environmental criteria 5.6.1 Life cycle considerations The product environmental criteria shall be based on indicators arising from life cycle considerations (see 6.4). 5.6.2 Basis of criteria The product

24、 environmental criteria should be set at attainable levels and give consideration to relative environmental impacts, measurement capability and accuracy. 5.7 Product function characteristics In developing the criteria, the fitness for purpose of the product and levels of performance shall be taken i

25、nto account. International, regional or national standards for the product should be considered for use in the programme, according to the hierarchy for use of standards set out in ISO 14020. NOTE In the context of environmental labelling, fitness for purpose implies that a product satisfies health,

26、 safety and consumer performance needs. 5.8 Validity of programme requirements 5.8.1 Period of validity The product environmental criteria and product function requirements for each product category shall be set for a predefined period. 5.8.2 Review period The product environmental criteria and prod

27、uct function requirements shall be reviewed within a predefined period, taking account of factors such as new technologies, new products, new environmental information and market changes. Review of the product environmental criteria and product functional requirements need not necessarily lead to ch

28、anges in them. 5.9 Consultation A process of formal open participation among interested parties shall be established at the outset for the purpose of selecting and reviewing product categories, product environmental criteria and product function characteristics. 5.10 Compliance and verification All

29、the elements in the product environmental criteria and product function characteristics of the environmental labelling programme shall be verifiable by the ecolabelling body. The methods for assessing compliance should make use of, in order of preference: ISO and IEC standards; other internationally

30、 recognized standards; regional and national standards; other repeatable and reproducible methods which follow accepted principles of good laboratory practice (see ISO/IEC 17025 for information on good laboratory practice); manufacturers evidence. ANSI/ISO 14024 20014 5.11 Transparency A Type I envi

31、ronmental labelling programme should be able to demonstrate transparency through all stages of its development and operation. Transparency implies that information shall be available to interested parties for inspection and comment where appropriate. Adequate time shall be allowed for comments to be

32、 submitted. This information should include: selection of product categories; selection and development of product environmental criteria; product function characteristics; testing and verification methods; certification and award procedures; review period; period of validity; nonconfidential eviden

33、ce on which the awarding of the label is based; funding sources for the programme development (e.g. fees, government financial support etc.); compliance verification. Transparency should not conflict with the requirements of 5.17. 5.12 International trade aspects Procedures and requirements for envi

34、ronmental labelling programmes shall not be prepared, adopted or applied with a view to, or with the effect of creating unnecessary obstacles to international trade. The applicable provisions and interpretations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) should be taken into account. 5.13 Accessibility A

35、pplication to, and participation in, environmental labelling programmes shall be open to all potential applicants. All applicants who fulfil the product environmental criteria for a given product category and the other programme requirements shall be entitled to be granted a licence and authorized t

36、o use the label. 5.14 Scientific basis of product environmental criteria The development and selection of criteria shall be based on sound scientific and engineering principles. The criteria should be derived from data that support the claim of environmental preferability. 5.15 Avoidance of conflict

37、 of interest Type I Environmental labelling programmes shall ensure that they are free from undue influence. Programmes shall be able to demonstrate that sources of funding do not create a conflict of interest. NOTE Attention is drawn to the provisions of ISO/IEC Guide 65. 5.16 Costs and fees Fees m

38、ay include application, testing or administration fees. In principle, the costs and fees for the granting and maintaining of a label should be based on all programme costs and should be kept as low as possible to maximize accessibility. Any fees should be applied equitably to all applicants and lice

39、nsees. 5.17 Confidentiality The confidentiality of all information which is identified as confidential shall be maintained. 5.18 Mutual recognition Mutual recognition, based on confidence, should be encouraged. There may be mutual recognition of tests, inspections, conformity assessment, administrat

40、ive procedures and, where appropriate, product environmental criteria. To ensure full transparency, information on existing mutual recognition agreements with other eco-labelling bodies shall be made available. NOTE For further guidance see Chapter 8 of reference 6. ANSI/ISO 14024 2001 5 6 Procedure

41、s 6.1 General Type I environmental labelling involves an iterative process which includes: consultation with interested parties; the selection of product categories; development, review and modification of product environmental criteria; the identification of product function characteristics; and th

42、e establishment of certification procedures and other administrative elements of the programme. 6.2 Consultation with interested parties The ecolabelling body shall implement a formal consultation mechanism that facilitates full participation of interested parties. Such a mechanism could include the

43、 use of selected groups of interested parties representatives, e.g. consultation board, advisory committee or public hearing. Consultation is an on-going process that occurs in the selection of the product category, and in the establishment of product environmental criteria and product function char

44、acteristics. Interested parties shall be given adequate time and access to details and sources of information used. The consultation process shall also ensure that interested parties who comment on the programme receive proper consideration of and response to their comments. Reasonable efforts shoul

45、d be made to achieve a consensus throughout the process. 6.3 Selection of product categories 6.3.1 Conducting a feasibility study In this phase of the process, a study should be conducted on potential product categories and the nature of the market. The purpose of the study is to consider the feasib

46、ility of establishing the product categories. The study should include: initial selection of possible product categories; consultation with interested parties; market survey (e.g. nature, size, demand); suppliers in the market place (e.g. small and medium-sized enterprises, foreign and domestic prod

47、ucers); environmental impacts of products; potential and need for environmental improvement; definition of scope of product categories, taking into account equivalence of use fitness for use, including product function characteristics; availability of data; current national and international legisla

48、tion and agreements. 6.3.2 Proposal for product category Once a feasibility study has been completed, the ecolabelling body will be in a position to ascertain which product categories are most likely to obtain marketplace acceptance. A product category proposal should be prepared for the interested

49、parties which summarizes the components of the feasibility study, its findings, and the considerations leading to the proposal of product categories for the programme. 6.4 Selection and development of product environmental criteria 6.4.1 Selection of product environmental criteria The framework and procedures which this International Standard sets forth are intended to provide uniformity while allowing decisions on the final criteria to be the result of the consultation process between the ecolabelli