1、Designation: A1030/A1030M 11A1030/A1030M 16Standard Practice forMeasuring Flatness Characteristics of Steel Sheet Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1030/A1030M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 Flatness is a significant quality characteristic of steel sheet products. Sheet flatness is affecte
3、d by mill process factors plusthe grade, thickness and width of the material supplied. It is the purpose of this practice to define the different flatnesscharacteristics and to describe the method(s) most commonly used to measure particular characteristics. The methods describedare designed and inte
4、nded to be used in mill situations and environments.1.2 The substratesheet shall conform to all the requirements of the appropriate specifications as follows: SpecificationsA568/A568M or A924/A924M.1.3 Quantitative limits are not addressed and are established in the general requirements, or individu
5、al product specifications,or both; or when applicable, as agreed to between supplier and user.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used ind
6、ependently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safet
7、y and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,General Requirements forA924/A924M Specifica
8、tion for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process3. Significance and Use3.1 The definitions and procedures for measuring flatness characteristics of steel sheet products are provided so that purchasersand suppliers have common definitions and measuring procedures
9、for flatness characteristics. The intention of these definitions andmeasuring methods is not to provide a dimensional specification for flatness characteristics, but rather common procedure(s) forquantifying flatness anomalies. For determining compliance with flatness specifications, references are
10、provided to appropriateASTM standards.4. Interferences4.1 Measurement of flatness often has been subjective, at best. Successful measurement of various flatness anomalies onquantitative terms requires recognition of several factors that can interfere with accurate measurements.4.1.1 Flat surfaces ar
11、e required. Measurement of several anomalies requires laying of the a cut sheet sample, or a coil area, sheetarea still attached to a coil, on a recognized flat surface. In most cases, laying the of a cut sheet sample, or a coil area, sheet areastill attached to a coil, on a floor will produce satis
12、factory results, as long as the floor is recognized as being flat. The flatness ofcoil areas sheet areas still attached to a coil is also measured on the flat tables of coil processing lines, with the strip sheet linetension released. If the measuring surface is not recognized as being flat, a machi
13、ned flat surface is recommended.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A05.07on Methods of Testing.Current edition approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published May 2011 May 2016. Origin
14、ally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asA1030/A1030M - 05.A1030/A1030M - 11. DOI: 10.1520/A1030_A1030M-11.10.1520/A1030_A1030M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
15、 Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically pos
16、sible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCo
17、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 Stepblock gauges or tapered gauges should be checked regularly with a calibrated hand micrometer. Wear or dirt build upwill affect accuracy.4.1.3 The flat tables of shape gauges capa
18、ble of measuring flatness characteristics must be clean and the sensors must be in goodcondition.4.1.4 The sheet sample must be damage free.5. Apparatus5.1 Appropriate tools to measure flatness anomalies are described along with drawings as indicated.5.1.1 Flat SurfacesAccurate measurements of flatn
19、ess anomalies require a flat surface, machined flat preferred.5.1.2 Machined Stepblock GaugeSee Fig. 1. Typically steps are in 116 in. 1 mm increments.5.1.3 Tapered GaugeSee Fig. 2.5.1.4 Standard Ruler or Tape Measure.5.1.5 Hand Micrometer.5.1.6 Lightweight StraightedgeRigid, but light enough not to
20、 affect the test result.6. Procedure6.1 Wavy Edge (see Fig. 3):6.1.1 DefinitionAseries of rolling direction edge deviations or undulations of the sheet from a recognized flat surface, havinga height (H) and a measurable cycle length (L).6.1.2 Measuring Methods:6.1.2.1 With a cut sheet sample, or coi
21、l area, sheet area still attached to a coil, of at least 4 ft 1.2 m in length by coil widthon a recognized flat surface, measure the height (H) at the peak point of each wave from the recognized flat surface with a ruler,tape measure, tapered gauge, or stepblock gauge. Also measure the cycle length
22、(L) from peak to peak of each wave with a ruleror tape measure.6.1.3 Permissible Variations6.1.3.1 The height (H) of the highest peak measured in accordance with 6.1.2.1 shall comply with applicable limits, such asfound in the tables on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M.
23、 Note that the referenced tables applyto cut sheet that has received adequate flattening. While the wavy edge height result fromevident in a coilsheet area still attachedto a coil is a reasonable indication of flatness, it is not bound by the limits of the referenced tables.6.1.3.2 As stated in the
24、section on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M, I-Unit and % Steepnessrejection limits are subject to agreement between producer and purchaser. Using the procedures of Appendix X1, and the readingsfrom 6.1.2.1, determine the I-Unit and % Steepness values, first using the d
25、istance between the two highest peaks, and second usingthe distance between two adjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit and % Steepness values obtained from these two situations shall beused to determine if the specification has been met.6.1.3.3 If the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplied directly
26、using a shape gauge; determine if the results are within themaximum specified values.6.2 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center Buckle (see Fig. 4):6.2.1 DefinitionBuckles are continuous deviations from a recognized flat surface, having a height (H) and a measurable cycle(L), and usually occur in narr
27、ow width areas parallel to the rolling direction other than at the sheet edges.6.2.2 Measuring Methods:6.2.2.1 With a cut sheet sample, or coil area, sheet area still attached to a coil, of at least 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width resting ona recognized flat surface, place a lightweight straightedge on the
28、 highest portion of a buckle and on the highest portion of the nextrepeating buckle. Measure the height (H) between the straightedge and a stripthe sheet using a ruler, tape measure, tapered gauge,or stepblock gauge. Measure the cycle length (L) from peak to peak of each buckle with a ruler or tape
29、measure.NOTE 1Stepblock gauge for all thicknesses and sizes of cut sheets.NOTE 2Dimensions given are approximate overall dimensions.FIG. 1 Flatness Stepblock GaugeA1030/A1030M 1626.2.2.2 In the case of a cut sheet sample, it is permissible to shear through the centerline of the flatness anomaly and
30、measureas an edge wave (see 6.1.2.1) using a ruler, tape measure, tapered gauge, or stepblock gauge.6.2.3 Permissible Variations6.2.3.1 The height (H) of the highest peak measured in accordance with 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shall comply with applicable limits,such as found in the tables on flatness tolera
31、nces of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M. Note that the referenced tablesapply to cut sheet that has received adequate flattening. While the buckle height result fromevident in a coilsheet area still attachedto a coil is a reasonable indication of flatness, it is not bound by the limits of th
32、e referenced tables.6.2.3.2 As stated in the section on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M, I-Unit and % Steepnessrejection limits are subject to agreement between producer and purchaser. Using the procedures of Appendix X1, and the readingsfrom 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2, determ
33、ine the I-Unit and % Steepness values, first using the distance between the two highest peaks, andsecond using the distance between two adjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit and % Steepness values obtained from these twosituations shall be used to determine if the specification has been met.6.2.3.3 If
34、the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplied directly using a shape gauge; determine if the results are within themaximum specified values.6.3 Full Center (see Fig. 5):6.3.1 DefinitionAny overall deviation of a sheet from a recognized flat surface, having a height (H) and a measurable cycle(L), an
35、d occurring over a major portion of the sheet width parallel to the rolling direction other than at the sheet edges.6.3.2 Measuring Methods:6.3.2.1 With a cut sheet sample, or a coil area, sheet area still attached to a coil, of at least 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width restingon a recognized flat surface,
36、place a lightweight straightedge on the highest portion of a full center region and on the highest portionNOTE 1Tapered gauge for all thicknesses and sizes of cut sheets.FIG. 2 Flatness Tapered GaugeFIG. 3 Wavy EdgeFIG. 4 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center BuckleA1030/A1030M 163of the next repeati
37、ng region of full center. Measure the height (H) between the straightedge and the stripsheet using a ruler, tapemeasure, tapered gauge, or stepblock gauge. Measure the cycle length (L) from peak to peak of a full center region with a ruleror tape measure.6.3.2.2 In the case of a cut sheet sample, it
38、 is permissible to shear through the centerline of the flatness anomaly and measureas an edge wave (see 6.1.2.1) using a ruler, tape measure, tapered gauge, or stepblock gauge.6.3.3 Permissible Variations6.3.3.1 The height (H) of the highest peak measured in accordance with 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 shall
39、comply with applicable limits,such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M and A924/A924M. Note that the referenced tablesapply to cut sheet that has received adequate flattening. While the buckle height result fromevident in a coilsheet area still attachedto a coi
40、l is a reasonable indication of flatness, it is not bound by the limits of the referenced tables.6.3.3.2 As stated in the section on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M, I-Unit and % Steepnessrejection limits are subject to agreement between producer and purchaser. Using t
41、he procedures of Appendix X1, and the readingsfrom 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2, determine the I-Unit and % Steepness values, first using the distance between the two highest peaks, andsecond using the distance between two adjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit and % Steepness values obtained from these twosituat
42、ions shall be used to determine if the specification has been met.6.3.3.3 If the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplied directly using a shape gauge; determine if the results are within themaximum specified values.6.4 Coil Set and Reverse Coil Set (see Fig. 6):6.4.1 DefinitionA bow condition in
43、the sheet, parallel with the rolling direction, as measured from a recognized flat surface.Coil set (also known as positive coil set) curves downward in the same direction as the upper outside lap of an overwound coil.Reverse coil set (also known as negative coil set) curves upward, opposite to the
44、curvature of the upper outside lap of anoverwound coil.6.4.2 Measuring Methods:6.4.2.1 For coil set, place a an adequately leveled cut sheet sample of approximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on a recognizedflat surface. Measure the highest rise (H) of the sheet edges from the flat surface. Use a rule
45、r accurate to 116 in. 1 mm.6.4.2.2 For reverse coil set, place an adequately leveled cut sheet sample of approximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on arecognized flat surface. Measure the highest rise (H) of the cut end(s) of the sheet from the flat surface. Use a ruler accurate to116 in. 1 mm.6.4.3 Pe
46、rmissible Variations6.4.3.1 The height (H) of the highest deviation measured in accordance with 6.4.2.1 or 6.4.2.2 shall comply with applicablelimits, such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances of Specifications A568/A568M or A924/A924M, or a value agreed uponbetween the producer and purchas
47、er.6.5 Crossbow and Reverse Crossbow (see Fig. 7):6.5.1 DefinitionAbow condition in the sheet, perpendicular to the rolling direction as measured from a recognized flat surface.Crossbow (also known as positive crossbow) curves downward, with the center portion of the sheet raised a measurable amount
48、(H) above the sheet edges. Reverse crossbow (also known as negative crossbow) curves upward, with the edges of the sheet raiseda measurable amount (H) above the center portion of the sheet. The degree of cross bow is determined in a horizontal position ona recognized flat surface.6.5.2 Measuring Met
49、hods:6.5.2.1 For crossbow, place a an adequately leveled cut sheet sample, or coil area, sheet area still attached to a coil, ofapproximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on a recognized flat surface. Measure the highest rise (H) of the center of the sheet fromthe flat surface. Use a ruler accurate to 116 in. 1 mm.FIG. 5 Full CenterA1030/A1030M 1646.5.2.2 For reverse crossbow, place an adequately leveled cut sheet sample, or coil area, sheet area still attached to a coil, ofapproximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on a recognized flat surface. Mea
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