ASTM A1058-2008 Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products&x2014 Metric.pdf

1、Designation: A 1058 08An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover mech

3、anical tests described inASTM, EN,2ISO3and JIS4standards that utilize the SI systemof units. The test methods in each system are not exactequivalents. Each standards system (ASTM, EN, ISO and JIS)shall be used independently of the other. Combining require-ments from any two or more systems may resul

4、t in noncon-formance with the purchase order.1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the mechanicaltesting of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels, and relatedalloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are usedto determine properties required in the product specifications.Variati

5、ons in testing methods are to be avoided, and standardmethods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducibleand comparable results. In those cases in which the testingrequirements for certain products are unique or at variance withthese general procedures, the product specification testingrequ

6、irements shall control.1.3 Only one of the testing procedure tracks shall befollowed: ASTM, EN, ISO or JIS. When a test method orpractice is not available in one of the tracks then an appropriatetest method or practice from an alternative track shall be used.The respective tests are listed in the co

7、lumn shown in Table 1.NOTE 1The test methods in each system are not exact equivalents.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 Attention is directed to Practice ISO 17025 when theremay be a need for information on

8、 criteria for evaluation oftesting laboratories.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg

9、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate-rials by Comparison Hardness TestersA 1038 Practice for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ul-trasonic Contact Impedance MethodE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Me

10、tallic Mate-rials Metric6E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Speci

11、ficationsE110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of MetallicMaterials by Portable Hardness TestersE 190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility ofWeldsE 290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material forDuctility2.2 Other Documents:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Di-vision

12、 I7EN 10002-1 Metallic MaterialsTensile TestingPart 1:Method of Test (at Ambient Temperature)EN 10045-1 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Impact TestPart1: Test Method1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 onSteel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibi

13、lity ofSubcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and ProcessingMethods of Steel Products and Processes.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008.2Available from British Standards Institute 389, Chiswick High Road, LondonW4 4AL, UK, www.bsi-3Available from International

14、Organization for Standardization, 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org4Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku,Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, www.jsa.or.jp5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A

15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.6Withdrawn.7Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Interna-tional, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA www.

16、asme.org1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.EN 10045-2 Charpy Impact Test on Metallic MaterialsMethod for the Verification of Impact Testing MachinesEN 10232 Metallic MaterialsTube (in Full Section)Bend TestEN ISO 2566-1

17、SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart 1: Carbon and Low Alloy SteelsEN ISO 2566-2 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart 2: Austenitic SteelsEN ISO 6506-1 Metallic MaterialsBrinell HardnessTestPart 1: Test MethodEN ISO 6508-1 Metallic MaterialsRockwell HardnessTestPart 1: Test Method (Scales A,

18、 B, C, D, E, F, G, H,K, N, T)EN ISO 7438 Metallic MaterialsBend TestISO 148-1 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Pendulum ImpactTestPart 1: Test MethodISO 148-2 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Pendulum ImpactTestPart 2: Verification of Test MachinesISO 2566-1 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart1: Carbon and Low

19、 Alloy SteelsISO 2566-2 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart2: Austenitic SteelsISO 6506-1 Metallic MaterialsBrinell Hardness TestPart 1: Test MethodISO 6508-1 Metallic MaterialsRockwell Hardness TestPart 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N,T)ISO 6892 Metallic MaterialsTensile Te

20、sting at AmbientTemperatureISO 7438 Metallic MaterialsBend TestISO 8491 Metallic MaterialsTube (in Full Section)Bend TestISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration LaboratoriesJIS B 7722 Charpy Pendulum Impact TestVerification ofTesting MachinesJIS Z 2201 Test Pieces

21、 for Tensile Test for Metallic Mate-rialsJIS Z 2241 Method of Tensile Test for Metallic MaterialsJIS Z 2242 Method of Charpy Pendulum Impact Test forMetallic MaterialsJIS Z 2243 Brinell Hardness TestTest MethodJIS Z 2245 Rockwell Hardness TestTest MethodJIS Z 2248 Method of Bend Test for Metallic Ma

22、terials3. General Precautions3.1 The ASTM track is the default track; if other than theASTM track is used that track shall be reported.3.2 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, form-ing, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affectthe properties of the material under test. The

23、refore, the productspecifications cover the stage of manufacture at which me-chanical testing is to be performed. The properties shown bytesting prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representa-tive of the product after it has been completely fabricated.3.3 Improper machining or preparation of

24、 test specimensmay give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assuregood workmanship in machining. Improperly machined speci-mens should be discarded and other specimens substituted.3.4 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If any testspecimen develops flaws, the retest provision o

25、f the applicableproduct specification shall govern.3.5 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasonssuch as failure of testing equipment or improper specimenpreparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken.4. Orientation of Test Specimens4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “t

26、ransverse test” areused only in material specifications for wrought products andare not applicable to castings. When such reference is made toa test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:4.1.1 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined other-wise, signifies that the lengthwise

27、 axis of the specimen isparallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steelduring rolling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinaltension test specimen is in the direction of the greatestextension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend testspecimen is at right angles t

28、o the direction of greatest exten-sion.4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at rightangles to the direction of the greatest extension of the steelduring rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transversetension test sp

29、ecimen is at right angles to the greatest exten-sion, and the axis of the fold of a transverse bend test specimenis parallel to the greatest extension.4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used inmaterial specifications for some wrought circular products andare not applicable to cast

30、ings. When such reference is made toa test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen-dicular to the axis of the product and coincident with one of theradii of a circle

31、 drawn with a point on the axis of the productas a center.4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen-dicular to a plane containing the axis of the product and tangentto a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the produ

32、ct as acenter.TABLE 1 Tests and Applicable StandardsTest Sections ASTM EN ISO JISTension 5 to 12 E 8M 10002-1 6892 Z 2241Bend 13 E 190 7438A7438 Z 2248E 290Bend (tube) 13 10232 8491 Hardness 14Brinell 15 E 10 6506-1A6506-1 Z 2243Rockwell 16 E 18 6508-1A6508-1 Z 2245Portable 17 A 833 E110A 1038Impact

33、 18 to 26 E 23 10045-1 148-1 Z 2242Keywords 27 AThese standards are designated EN ISO; this identifies the adoption of ISOstandards by EN. “EN ISO” is part of the designation.A1058082TENSION TEST5. Description5.1 The tension test related to the mechanical testing of steelproducts subjects a machined

34、 or full-section specimen of thematerial under examination to a measured load sufficient tocause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined inASTM E8M, EN 10002-1, ISO 6892 or JIS Z 2241 as appli-cable.5.2 In general, the testing equipment and methods are givenin ASTM E8M, EN 10002-1, ISO

35、6892 and JIS Z 2241.However, there are certain exceptions to these practices; theseexceptions are covered in this standard.6. Testing Apparatus and Operations6.1 Loading SystemsThere are two general types of load-ing systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. Thesediffer chiefly in the variabi

36、lity of the rate of load application.The older screw power machines are limited to a small numberof fixed free running crosshead speeds. Some modern screwpower machines, and all hydraulic machines permit steplessvariation throughout the range of speeds.6.2 The tension testing machine shall be mainta

37、ined in goodoperating condition, used only in the proper loading range, andcalibrated periodically in accordance with the latest revision ofthe appropriate practices.NOTE 2Many machines are equipped with stress-strain recorders forautographic plotting of stress-strain curves. It should be noted that

38、 somerecorders have a load measuring component entirely separate from theload indicator of the testing machine. Such recorders are calibratedseparately.6.3 LoadingIt is the function of the gripping or holdingdevice of the testing machine to transmit the load from theheads of the machine to the speci

39、men under test. The essentialrequirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. Thisimplies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be inalignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis of the specimenat the beginning and during the test and that bending andtwisting be held to a mi

40、nimum.6.4 Speed of TestingThe speed of testing shall not begreater than that at which load and strain readings can be madeaccurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonlyexpressed (1) in terms of free running crosshead speed (rate ofmovement of the crosshead of the testing machine whe

41、n notunder load), or (2) in terms of rate of separation of the twoheads of the testing machine under load, or (3) in terms of rateof stressing the specimen, or (4) in terms of rate of straining thespecimen. The following limitations on the speed of testing arerecommended as adequate for most steel p

42、roducts:NOTE 3Tension tests using closed-loop machines (with feedbackcontrol of rate) should not be performed using load control, as this modeof testing will result in acceleration of the crosshead upon yielding andelevation of the measured yield strength.6.4.1 Any convenient speed of testing may be

43、 used up toone half the specified yield point or yield strength. When thispoint is reached, the free-running rate of separation of thecrossheads shall be adjusted so as not to exceed 0.025 mm persecond per 25 mm of reduced section, or the distance betweenthe grips for test specimens not having reduc

44、ed sections. Thisspeed shall be maintained through the yield point or yieldstrength. In determining the tensile strength, the free-runningrate of separation of the heads shall not exceed 13 mm per minper 25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between thegrips for test specimens not having reduced

45、 sections. In anyevent, the minimum speed of testing shall not be less than110the specified maximum rates for determining yield point oryield strength and tensile strength.6.4.2 It shall be permissible to set the speed of the testingmachine by adjusting the free running crosshead speed to theabove s

46、pecified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation ofheads under load at these machine settings is less than thespecified values of free running crosshead speed.6.4.3 As an alternative, if the machine is equipped with adevice to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machinefrom half the sp

47、ecified yield point or yield strength through theyield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate ofstressing does not exceed 11 MPa per second. However, theminimum rate of stressing shall not be less than 1 MPa persecond.7. Test Specimen Parameters7.1 SelectionTest coupons shall be se

48、lected in accordancewith the applicable product specifications.7.2 Size and TolerancesTest specimen dimensions andtolerances shall comply with the requirements of the relevantstandards.7.3 Procurement of Test SpecimensSpecimens shall beprepared from portions of the material. They are usuallymachined

49、 so as to have a reduced cross section at mid-lengthin order to obtain uniform distribution of the stress over thecross section and to localize the zone of fracture. Care shall betaken to remove by machining all distorted, cold-worked, orheat-affected areas from the edges of the section used inevaluating the test.7.4 Aging of Test SpecimensUnless otherwise specified, itshall be permissible to age tension test specimens. The time-temperature cycle employed must be such that the effects ofprevious processing will not