ASTM A125-1996(2007) Standard Specification for Steel Springs Helical Heat-Treated《热处理螺旋形钢弹簧的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 125 96 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forSteel Springs, Helical, Heat-Treated1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers hot-coiled, heat-tre

3、ated helicalcompression springs with tapered, closed, squared and groundends made of hot-wrought round steel bars38 in. (9.5 mm) andlarger in diameter.1.2 This specification also serves to inform the user ofpractical manufacturing limits, mechanical tests, and inspec-tion requirements applicable to

4、the type of spring described in1.1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S8 inclusive of anoptional nature are provided. They shall apply only whenspecified by the purchaser. Details of these supplementaryrequirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer andpurchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch

5、-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 689 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars forSpr

6、ingsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for springs under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Name of m

7、aterial,3.1.3 A drawing or list showing required dimensions andloads, and part number,3.1.4 Packaging, marking and loading, and3.1.5 End use.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is: 500 springs Drawing 3303Rev. A. to ASTM A 125, 1095 steel, for cyclical machine operation.Palletize, maximum weight 40

8、00 lb.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Material:4.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the springs shall be madeof carbon steel bars conforming to the requirements of Speci-ficationA 689. Due to hardenability limitations of carbon steel,it is suggested that the bar diameter be limited to 158 in. (41.8mm)

9、max in order to withstand the maximum test stressrequirements of this specification.4.1.2 If alloy steel is specified, the springs shall be madefrom alloy steel bars conforming to Specification A 689. Anyof the alloy steel grades referred to may be used at the optionof the spring manufacturer, provi

10、ding that a minimum as-quenched hardness of Rockwell HRC-50 will be achieved atthe center of the bar section representing the spring whenquenched in the same media and manner as the spring.4.1.3 Springs Made from Bars Over 2 in. (50.8 mm)Notethat the bias tolerance (reference Specification A 29/A 29

11、M,Table A1.1 on Permissible Variations in Cross Section forHot-Wrought Round, Square, and Round-Cornered SquareBars of Steel) of the bar diameter shall be taken into consid-eration when designing and calculating the solid height, springrate, solid stress, and solid capacity.4.2 Hardness:4.2.1 The sp

12、rings must be quenched and tempered to asufficiently high hardness (strength) to withstand the stressesdeveloped in testing the finished spring. The maximum hard-ness shall not exceed 477 Brinell numbers (2.80 mm indenta-tion diameter).4.2.2 When hardness limits are specified, the total range orspre

13、ad may not be less than 0.15 mm difference in indentationdiameters. The specified or indicated minimum hardness must1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current e

14、dition approved March 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originallyapproved in 1929. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 125 96 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume

15、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be sufficient to develop the required strength to withstand thesolid stresses of the spring design involved.

16、4.2.3 Hardness shall be read on a prepared flat surface in anarea not detrimental to the life of the spring at a full sectionafter removal of the decarburized layer. A tungsten-carbide10-mm ball shall be applied under a 3000-kg load and theindentation diameter converted to Brinell numbers by usingTa

17、ble 1. The values for Table 1 have been taken fromSpecification E10.4.3 Metallurgical Requirements:4.3.1 The total depth of decarburization, partial plus com-plete as measured on the finished spring in the quenched andtempered condition, shall not exceed 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) plus1 % of the bar diamet

18、er. The decarburization shall be examinedat 1003 on a test specimen suitably etched and cut from a fullcross section of the test spring showing at least one lineal inchof original bar circumference.4.3.2 The structure of the finished spring shall have anaverage ASTM Grain Size No. 5 or finer as dete

19、rmined by thelatest revision of Test Methods E112.4.4 End Construction:4.4.1 End Construction-Tapered Squared and GroundThe end bearing surfaces of the spring shall be ground toproduce a firm bearing. The end bearing surfaces shall have aminimum bearing surface of two thirds of the mean coilcircumfe

20、rence and a minimum width of two thirds of thehot-tapered surface of the bar. The tip ends of the bar shall bein approximate contact with the adjacent coil, and shall notprotrude beyond the maximum permissible outside diametersof the spring as established by Table 2.4.4.1.1 End Construction Coil Blu

21、nt Squared and Ground(Optional)The end bearing surfaces of the spring shall beground to produce a firm bearing. The end bearing surfacesshall have a minimum ground bearing surface of two thirds ofthe mean coil circumference and a minimum width of twothirds of the bar diameter. The tip ends of the ba

22、r shall be inapproximate contact with the adjacent coil and shall notprotrude beyond the maximum permissible outside diametersof the spring as established by Table 2.4.4.2 Springs with ground ends having a free height-to-mean diameter ratio of not less than 1 or more than 5 shall notdeviate from the

23、 perpendicular more than the number ofdegrees prescribed in Table 3, as determined by standing thespring on its end and measuring the angular deviation of astraightedge along the outer helix from a perpendicular to theplate on which the spring is standing.4.4.3 The ends of springs shall be parallel

24、within a toleranceof twice that specified for the squareness of ends as determinedby standing the spring on its end and measuring the maximumangular deviation of the other end from a plane parellel to theplate on which the spring is standing.5. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements5.1 Measurem

25、ents:5.1.1 Solid HeightThe solid height is the perpendiculardistance between the plates of the testing machine when theTABLE 1 Permissible Out-of-Squareness, Springs with Ground EndsTotal Travel, in. (mm) Mean Diameter, in. (mm)2 (51)andunderOver 2to 4(51 to102), inclOver 4to 6(102 to152), inclOver

26、6to 8(152 to203), inclOver 8to 10(203 to254), inclOver 10to 12(254 to305), inclOver 12to 14(305 to356), inclOver 14to 16(356 to406), inclOver 16to 18(406 to457), inclOver 18to 20(457 to508), inclDegree2 (51) and under 114 114 1111. . . .Over 2 to 4 (51 to 102), incl 134 112 114 114 1 1 1 . . .Over 4

27、 to 6 (102 to 152), incl 214 134 112 114 114 1 1 . . .Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl 212 214 134 112 114 114 1 1 . .Over 8 to 10 (203 to 254), incl 234 212 2112 112 114 114 1 . .Over 10 to 12 (254 to 305), incl 3 234 214 134 112 112 114 114 1 .Over 12 to 14 (305 to 356), incl . . . 3 212 2134 134 11

28、2 112 114 114Over 14 to 16 (356 to 406), incl . . . . . . 234 214 2234 134 112 112Over 16 to 18 (406 to 457), incl . . . . . . 3 212 214 2234 134 112Over 18 to 20 (457 to 508), incl . . . . . . 3 234 212 214 214 2234Over 20 to 22 (508 to 559), incl . . . . . . . . . 3 234 214 214 134Over 22 to 24 (5

29、59 to 610), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 214 214 2234Over 24 to 26 (610 to 660), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 212 214 214 2Over 26 to 28 (660 to 701), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 212 214 214 2Over 28 to 30 (702 to 762), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 212 214 214 2Over

30、30 to 32 (762 to 813), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 234 212 212 .Over 32 to 34 (813 to 864), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 234 212 212 .Over 34 to 38 (864 to 914), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 234 234 234 .Over 36 to 38 (914 to 965), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. 3 234 234 .Over 38 to 42 (965 to 1016), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 . . .TABLE 2 Brinell HardnessIndentation Diameter, mm Brinell Hardness Numbers2.75 4952.80 4772.85 4612.90 4442.95 4293.00 4153.05 4013.10 3883.15 375A 125 96 (2007)2spring is compressed solid with the load

32、specified in 7.3. Thesolid height thus measured may be less, but shall not exceedthe specified nominal solid height by more than the limits givenin Table 4.5.1.2 Free HeightThe free height is the height of thespring after the load specified in 7.3 has been released, and isdetermined by placing a str

33、aightedge across the top of thespring and measuring the perpendicular distance from the plateon which the spring stands to the bottom of the straightedge atthe approximate center of the spring. Tolerances are shown inTable 5.5.1.3 Loaded HeightThe loaded height is the perpendicu-lar distance between

34、 the plates of the testing machine when thespecified working load has been applied in compression.Tolerances are shown in Table 5.5.1.4 Permanent SetAfter determining the free height asspecified in 5.1.2, the permanent set is the difference betweenthis free height and the height after the spring has

35、 beencompressed solid three additional times under the test loadspecified in 7.3, measured at the same point and in the samemanner. Tolerances are shown in Table 5.5.1.5 Uniformity of PitchThe pitch of the coils shall besufficiently uniform so that when the spring is compressedwithout lateral suppor

36、t to a height representing a deflection of85 % of the nominal total travel, none of the coils shall be incontact with one another, excluding the inactive end coils.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter of Helix(For springs with D/d ratio not exceeding 8)NOTE 1 (for design information) T

37、hese permissible variations, exclusives of manufacturing taper, should be used as a guide in the design ofconcentrically-nested helical-spring units for free assembly. The diametrical clearance desired is116 in. (1.59 mm) less than the sum of the applicabletolerances of the nested spring units, but

38、in no case shoulds it be less than18 in. (3.17 mm).NOTE 2In cases where radical clearance on existing concentrically-nested helical-spring units will not accommodate these tolerances, the nominalinside diameters shall be adhered to as closely as practicable, with plus variation on the outer springs

39、and minus variation on the inner springs to guaranteefree assembly. Drawings must show reference to the complete nested spring units.NOTE 3 (For springs with D/d ratio not exceeding 8) For D/d ratio greater than 8, increase tolerance 50 %.Nominal Outside Diameter, in.(mm)Nominal Free Height or Lengt

40、h of Spring, in. (mm)Up to 10 (254)incl, 6Over 10 to 18(254 to 457),incl, 6Over 18 to 26(457 to 661),incl, 6Over 26 to 34(661 to 874),incl, 6Over 34 to 42(874 to 1067),incl, 6Over 42 to 60(1067 to 1524),incl, 6Up to 6 (152), incl116 (1.59)332 (2.38)18 (3.17)532 (3.97)316 (4.76) . . .Over 6 to 8 (152

41、 to 203), incl332 (2.38)18 (3.17)316 (4.76)14 (6.35)14 (6.35) . . .Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305), incl18 (3.17)316 (4.76)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35) . . .Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406), incl . . .14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)516 (7.94)Over 16 to 20 (406 to 508), incl . . . . . .516 (7.94)516 (7.94)51

42、6 (7.94)38 (9.53)Over 20 to 24 (508 to 610), incl . . . . . .38 (9.53)38 (9.53)38 (9.53)716 (11.00)Over 24 to 28 (610 to 701), incl . . . . . .71671671612Over 28 (701), incl . . . . . .12121212TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Solid HeightNominal Solid Height, in. (mm) Deviation Above Nominal SolidH

43、eight, max, in.A(mm)Up to 7 (178), incl116 (1.59)Over 7 to 10 (178 to 254), incl332 (2.38)Over 10 to 13 (254 to 330), incl18 (3.17)Over 13 to 16 (330 to 406), incl532 (3.97)Over 16 to 19 (406 to 483), incl316 (4.76)Over 19 to 22 (483 to 559), incl732 (5.56)Over 22 to 25 (559 to 635), incl14 (6.35)Ov

44、er 25 to 28 (635 to 711), incl932 (7.14)Over 28 to 31 (711 to 787), incl516 (7.94)AFor additional 3-in. (76-mm) increase in solid height, the deviation shownshould be increased by132 in. (0.79 mm).TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Free Height, Loaded Heightand Permanent SetNominal TotalDeflection, i

45、n. (mm)DeviationFromNominal FreeHeight, max,in. (mm), 6DeviationFromNominalLoadedHeight,Amax,in. (mm), 6PermanentSet, max,in. (mm)Up to 3 (76.2), incl532 (3.97)432 (3.17)364 (1.19)Over 3 to 4 (76.2 to 102), incl832 (6.35)532 (3.97)464 (1.59)Over 4 to 5 (102 to 127), incl832 (6.35)632 (4.76)464 (1.59

46、)Over 5 to 6 (127 to 152), incl1132 (8.73)732 (5.56)564 (1.99)Over 6 to 7 (152 to 179), incl1132 (8.73)832 (6.35)564 (1.99)Over 7 to 8 (179 to 203), incl1432 (11.0)932 (7.14)664 (2.38)Over 8 to 9 (203 to 228), incl1432 (11.0)1032 (7.94)664 (2.38)Over 9 to 10 (228 to 254), incl1732 (13.49)1132 (8.73)

47、764 (2.78)Over 10 to 11 (254 to 279), incl1732 (13.49)1232 (9.53)764 (2.78)Over 11 to 12 (279 to 305), incl2032 (15.87)1332 (10.32)864 (3.17)Over 12 to 13 (305 to 330), incl2032 (15.87)1432 (11.00)864 (3.17)Over 13 to 14 (330 to 356), incl2332 (18.25)1532 (11.91)864 (3.17)Over 14 to 15 (356 to 381),

48、 incl2332 (18.25)1632 (12.70)964 (3.57)Over 15 to 16 (381 to 406), incl2632 (20.64)1732 (13.49)964 (3.57)Over 16 to 17 (406 to 431), incl2632 (20.64)1832 (14.28)1036 (3.97)Over 17 to 18 (431 to 457), incl2932 (23.01)1932 (15.08)1064 (3.97)Over 18 to 19 (457 to 483), incl2932 (23.01)2032 (15.87)1164

49、(4.37)Over 19 to 20 (483 to 508), incl 1 (25.40)2132 (16.67)1164 (4.37)Over 20 to 21 (508 to 533), incl 1 (25.40)2232 (17.46)1264 (4.76)Over 21 to 22 (533 to 559), incl 1332 (27.78)2332 (18.25)1264 (4.76)Over 22 to 23 (559 to 584), incl 1332 (27.78)2432 (19.05)1364 (5.16)Over 23 to 24 (584 to 610), incl 1632 (30.16)2532 (19.84)1364 (5.16)Over 24 to 25 (610 to 635), incl 1632