ASTM A125-1996(2013)e1 Standard Specification for Steel Springs Helical Heat-Treated《热处理螺旋形钢弹簧的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A125 96 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Specification forSteel Springs, Helical, Heat-Treated1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTETable references were editorially corrected in November

3、 2013.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers hot-coiled, heat-treated helicalcompression springs with tapered, closed, squared and groundends made of hot-wrought round steel bars38 in. (9.5 mm) andlarger in diameter.1.2 This specification also serves to inform the user ofpractical manufacturing limit

4、s, mechanical tests, and inspec-tion requirements applicable to the type of spring described in1.1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S8 inclusive of anoptional nature are provided. They shall apply only whenspecified by the purchaser. Details of these supplementaryrequirements shall be agreed upo

5、n by the manufacturer andpurchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29

6、M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA689 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars forSpringsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing3.

7、Ordering Information3.1 Orders for springs under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Name of material,3.1.3 A drawing or list showing required dimensions andloads, and part number,3.1.4 Packaging, marking and loading, and3.1.5 End use.NOTE 1A typical orderi

8、ng description is: 500 springs Drawing 3303Rev. A. to ASTM A125, 1095 steel, for cyclical machine operation.Palletize, maximum weight 4000 lb.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Material:4.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the springs shall be madeof carbon steel bars conforming to the requirements of Spe

9、ci-fication A689. Due to hardenability limitations of carbon steel,it is suggested that the bar diameter be limited to 158 in. (41.8mm) max in order to withstand the maximum test stressrequirements of this specification.4.1.2 If alloy steel is specified, the springs shall be madefrom alloy steel bar

10、s conforming to Specification A689.Any ofthe alloy steel grades referred to may be used at the option ofthe spring manufacturer, providing that a minimum as-quenched hardness of Rockwell HRC-50 will be achieved atthe center of the bar section representing the spring whenquenched in the same media an

11、d manner as the spring.4.1.3 Springs Made from Bars Over 2 in. (50.8 mm)Notethat the bias tolerance (reference Specification A29/A29M,Table A1.1 on Permissible Variations in Cross Section forHot-Wrought Round, Square, and Round-Cornered SquareBars of Steel) of the bar diameter shall be taken into co

12、nsid-eration when designing and calculating the solid height, springrate, solid stress, and solid capacity.4.2 Hardness:4.2.1 The springs must be quenched and tempered to asufficiently high hardness (strength) to withstand the stresses1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A

13、01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1929. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A125 96 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/A0125-96R13E01.2For referenc

14、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con

15、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1developed in testing the finished spring. The maximum hard-ness shall not exceed 477 Brinell numbers (2.80 mm indenta-tion diameter).4.2.2 When hardness limits are specified, the total range orspread may not be less than 0.15 mm difference in indentationdiamet

16、ers. The specified or indicated minimum hardness mustbe sufficient to develop the required strength to withstand thesolid stresses of the spring design involved.4.2.3 Hardness shall be read on a prepared flat surface in anarea not detrimental to the life of the spring at a full sectionafter removal

17、of the decarburized layer. A tungsten-carbide10-mm ball shall be applied under a 3000-kg load and theindentation diameter converted to Brinell numbers by usingTable 1. The values for Table 1 have been taken fromSpecification E10.4.3 Metallurgical Requirements:4.3.1 The total depth of decarburization

18、, partial plus com-plete as measured on the finished spring in the quenched andtempered condition, shall not exceed 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) plus1 % of the bar diameter. The decarburization shall be examinedat 100 on a test specimen suitably etched and cut from a fullcross section of the test spring show

19、ing at least one lineal inchof original bar circumference.4.3.2 The structure of the finished spring shall have anaverage ASTM Grain Size No. 5 or finer as determined by thelatest revision of Test Methods E112.4.4 End Construction:4.4.1 End Construction-Tapered Squared and GroundTheend bearing surfa

20、ces of the spring shall be ground to producea firm bearing. The end bearing surfaces shall have a minimumbearing surface of two thirds of the mean coil circumferenceand a minimum width of two thirds of the hot-tapered surfaceof the bar. The tip ends of the bar shall be in approximatecontact with the

21、 adjacent coil, and shall not protrude beyondthe maximum permissible outside diameters of the spring asestablished by Table 2.4.4.1.1 End Construction Coil Blunt Squared and Ground(Optional)The end bearing surfaces of the spring shall beground to produce a firm bearing. The end bearing surfacesshall

22、 have a minimum ground bearing surface of two thirds ofthe mean coil circumference and a minimum width of twothirds of the bar diameter. The tip ends of the bar shall be inapproximate contact with the adjacent coil and shall notprotrude beyond the maximum permissible outside diametersof the spring a

23、s established by Table 2.4.4.2 Springs with ground ends having a free height-to-mean diameter ratio of not less than 1 or more than 5 shall notdeviate from the perpendicular more than the number ofdegrees prescribed in Table 3, as determined by standing thespring on its end and measuring the angular

24、 deviation of astraightedge along the outer helix from a perpendicular to theplate on which the spring is standing.4.4.3 The ends of springs shall be parallel within a toleranceof twice that specified for the squareness of ends as determinedby standing the spring on its end and measuring the maximum

25、angular deviation of the other end from a plane parallel to theplate on which the spring is standing.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Measurements:5.1.1 Solid HeightThe solid height is the perpendiculardistance between the plates of the testing machine when thespring is compressed solid with the load spe

26、cified in 7.3. Thesolid height thus measured may be less, but shall not exceedthe specified nominal solid height by more than the limits givenin Table 4.5.1.2 Free HeightThe free height is the height of thespring after the load specified in 7.3 has been released, and isdetermined by placing a straig

27、htedge across the top of thespring and measuring the perpendicular distance from the plateon which the spring stands to the bottom of the straightedge atthe approximate center of the spring. Tolerances are shown inTable 5.5.1.3 Loaded HeightThe loaded height is the perpendicu-lar distance between th

28、e plates of the testing machine when thespecified working load has been applied in compression.Tolerances are shown in Table 5.5.1.4 Permanent SetAfter determining the free height asspecified in 5.1.2, the permanent set is the difference betweenthis free height and the height after the spring has be

29、encompressed solid three additional times under the test loadspecified in 7.3, measured at the same point and in the samemanner. Tolerances are shown in Table 5.5.1.5 Uniformity of PitchThe pitch of the coils shall besufficiently uniform so that when the spring is compressedwithout lateral support t

30、o a height representing a deflection of85 % of the nominal total travel, none of the coils shall be incontact with one another, excluding the inactive end coils.Under 85 % deflection, the maximum spacing between any twoadjacent active coils shall not exceed 40 % of the nominal freecoil spacing. The

31、nominal free coil spacing is equivalent to thespecified total travel divided by the number of active turns.When the design is such that it cannot be compressed to solidheight without lateral support, these requirements do not apply.5.1.6 Outside DiameterThe outside diameter shall bemeasured on a spr

32、ing in the free condition and across any fullturn excluding the end turns and must be taken approximatelyperpendicular to the helix axis. The tolerances are shown inTable 2.5.1.7 Calculations for Testing Loads and Stresses:5.1.7.1 Solid CapacityCalculate the solid capacity of thespring as follows:P

33、5 Gd4F/8 ND3(1)where:TABLE 1 Brinell HardnessIndentation Diameter, mm Brinell Hardness Numbers2.75 4952.80 4772.85 4612.90 4442.95 4293.00 4153.05 4013.10 3883.15 375A125 96 (2013)12G = 11106psi = effective torsional modulus of elasticity,d = nominal bar diameter, in.,D = mean coil or helix diameter

34、, in.,F = spring deflection = free to solid, in.,N = active turns = (solid height)/bar diameter) 1.5, andP = solid capacity, lb.5.1.7.2 Uncorrected Solid StressCalculate the uncorrectedsolid stress as follows: (WarningBar nominal diameter maynot be the same as the specified diameter, due to biasedto

35、lerances on hot-rolled bars 2 in. (50.8 mm) and over.)S 5 8PD/3.1416 d3(2)6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 Finish:TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter of Helix(For springs with D/d ratio not exceeding 8)NOTE 1(For design information). These permissible variations, exclusives o

36、f manufacturing taper, should be used as a guide in the design ofconcentrically-nested helical-spring units for free assembly. The diametrical clearance desired is116 in. (1.59 mm) less than the sum of the applicabletolerances of the nested spring units, but in no case should it be less than18 in. (

37、3.17 mm).NOTE 2In cases where radical clearance on existing concentrically-nested helical-spring units will not accommodate these tolerances, the nominalinside diameters shall be adhered to as closely as practicable, with plus variation on the outer springs and minus variation on the inner springs t

38、o guaranteefree assembly. Drawings must show reference to the complete nested spring units.NOTE 3(For springs with D/d ratio not exceeding 8). For D/d ratio greater than 8, increase tolerance 50 %.Nominal Outside Diameter, in.(mm)Nominal Free Height or Length of Spring, in. (mm)Up to 10 (254)incl, O

39、ver 10 to 18(254 to 457),incl, Over 18 to 26(457 to 661),incl, Over 26 to 34(661 to 874),incl, Over 34 to 42(874 to 1067),incl, Over 42 to 60(1067 to 1524),incl, Up to 6 (152), incl116 (1.59)332 (2.38)18 (3.17)532 (3.97)316 (4.76) . . .Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl332 (2.38)18 (3.17)316 (4.76)14 (6

40、.35)14 (6.35) . . .Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305), incl18 (3.17)316 (4.76)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35) . . .Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406), incl . . .14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)14 (6.35)516 (7.94)Over 16 to 20 (406 to 508), incl . . . . . .516 (7.94)516 (7.94)516 (7.94)38 (9.53)Over 20 to 24 (508 to 610), inc

41、l . . . . . .38 (9.53)38 (9.53)38 (9.53)716 (11.00)Over 24 to 28 (610 to 701), incl . . . . . .71671671612Over 28 (701), incl . . . . . .12121212TABLE 3 Permissible Out-of-Squareness, Springs with Ground EndsTotal Travel, in. (mm) Mean Diameter, in. (mm)2 (51)andunderOver 2to 4(51 to102), inclOver 4

42、to 6(102 to152), inclOver 6to 8(152 to203), inclOver 8to 10(203 to254), inclOver 10to 12(254 to305), inclOver 12to 14(305 to356), inclOver 14to 16(356 to406), inclOver 16to 18(406 to457), inclOver 18to 20(457 to508), inclDegree2 (51) and under 114 114 1111. . . .Over 2 to 4 (51 to 102), incl 134 112

43、 114 114 1 1 1 . . .Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152), incl 214 134 112 114 114 1 1 . . .Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl 212 214 134 112 114 114 1 1 . .Over 8 to 10 (203 to 254), incl 234 212 2112 112 114 114 1 . .Over 10 to 12 (254 to 305), incl 3 234 214 134 112 112 114 114 1 .Over 12 to 14 (305 to 356), in

44、cl . . . 3 212 2134 134 112 112 114 114Over 14 to 16 (356 to 406), incl . . . . . . 234 214 2234 134 112 112Over 16 to 18 (406 to 457), incl . . . . . . 3 212 214 2234 134 112Over 18 to 20 (457 to 508), incl . . . . . . 3 234 212 214 214 2234Over 20 to 22 (508 to 559), incl . . . . . . . . . 3 234 2

45、14 214 134Over 22 to 24 (559 to 610), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 214 214 2234Over 24 to 26 (610 to 660), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 212 214 214 2Over 26 to 28 (660 to 701), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 212 214 214 2Over 28 to 30 (702 to 762), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . 234 212 214 214 2Over 30 to 32 (762 to 813), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 234 212 212 .Over 32 to 34 (813 to 864), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 234 212 212 .Over 34 to 38 (864 to 914), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 234 234 234 .Over 36 to 38 (914 to 965), incl . . . .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 234 234 .Over 38 to 42 (965 to 1016), incl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 . . .TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Solid HeightNominal Solid Height, in. (mm) Deviation Above Nominal SolidHeight, max, in.A(mm)Up to 7 (178), incl116 (1.59)Over 7 to 10 (178 to

48、 254), incl332 (2.38)Over 10 to 13 (254 to 330), incl18 (3.17)Over 13 to 16 (330 to 406), incl532 (3.97)Over 16 to 19 (406 to 483), incl316 (4.76)Over 19 to 22 (483 to 559), incl732 (5.56)Over 22 to 25 (559 to 635), incl14 (6.35)Over 25 to 28 (635 to 711), incl932 (7.14)Over 28 to 31 (711 to 787), i

49、ncl516 (7.94)AFor additional 3-in. (76-mm) increase in solid height, the deviation shown shouldbe increased by132 in. (0.79 mm).A125 96 (2013)136.1.1 The surface of the spring shall be as furnished in thequenched and tempered condition.6.1.2 The surface of the springs shall be free of injuriousdefects within the normal limitation of hot-coiled springs.7. Sampling and Conduct of Tests for Lot Inspection7.1 The springs