ASTM A182 A182M-2011 Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges Forged Fittings and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service《高温设施用锻造或轧制.pdf

1、Designation: A182/A182M 11Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1This standard is

2、issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial

3、 change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged low alloy and stainlesssteel piping components for use in pressure systems. Includedare flanges, fittings, valves, and similar

4、parts to specifieddimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASMEspecifications that are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (otherthan those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4),refer to Specifications A479/A479M and A739 for the simil

5、argrades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb4540 kg. For larger products and products for other applica-tions, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965Mfor the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively,

6、available in those specifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, marten-sitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are in-cluded in this specification. Selection will depend upon designand service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic(duplex) grades

7、are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI unit

8、s. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in bra

9、ckets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Speci-

10、fication A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply tothis specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA336/A336M Specification for Allo

11、y Steel Forgings forPressure and High-Temperature PartsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA484

12、/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, forElevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, orBothA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Ferritic Stainless Stee

13、lsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsA965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,for Pressure and High Temperature Parts1This specifi

14、cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition app

15、roved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A182/A182M10a.DOI: 10.1520/A0182_A0182M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards

16、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internati

17、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings,Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Re-lated ComponentsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-als4E112 Test Methods fo

18、r Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.4 AWS Specifications6A5.4/A5.4M Specification for Stainless S

19、teel Electrodes forShielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesfor Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainless Steel WeldingElectrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyWelding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Ar

20、c WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyBare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy

21、Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgicalcondition achieved after normalizing

22、and cooling to roomtemperature but prior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, orders should incl

23、ude the follow-ing information:4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes,9.3, and 19.2), and4.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submitdrawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forgingbefore machining and the exact location of test specimenmaterial (see 9.3

24、.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes

25、 nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by theopen-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with theo

26、ption of separate degassing and refining processes in eachcase.6.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of thefollowing processes: (a) electric-furnace (with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacuum orelectroslag-

27、consumable remelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may beproduced by electron-beam melting.6.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable tothe specified shape and size.6.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows,

28、 return bends, tees, andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined fromforged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel barwithout additional hot working.6.4.3 Small cylindrically-shaped low alloy and martensiticstainless s

29、teel parts, NPS-4 DN 100 and under, may bemachined from forged or rolled bar, without additional hotworking.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shallbe a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specifi-cation A788/A788M.7. Heat Treatment77.1 After hot working, forgings s

30、hall be cooled to a tem-perature below 1000 F 538 C prior to heat treating inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.7.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic StainlessSteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensiticstainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with therequ

31、irements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than one heattreatment option is listed for a Grade in Table 1, any one of theheat treatments listed shall be performed. The selection of theheat treatment shall be at the manufacturers option, unlessotherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liquid Quenching

32、Except as permitted in 7.2.2, forF1,F2,andF3,andin7.2.3, for F 91, and when agreed to by4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New

33、 York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.7A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair theresistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizingconditions

34、in F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specifiedby the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall beused subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal (see SupplementaryRequirement S10).A182/A182M 112the purchaser, liquid quenching follo

35、wed by tempering shall bepermitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each gradeare used.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tem-pered shall be marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter fin

36、al hot or cold forming.7.2.3 Alternatively, Grade F 91 forged fittings having anysection thickness greater than 3 in. 75 mm, at the time of heattreatment, shall be normalized and tempered or quenched andtempered at the manufacturers option, provided that thetemperatures in Table 1 for F 91 are used.

37、7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsTheaustenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heattreated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1.7.3.1 Alternatively, immediately following hot working,while the temperature of the forging is not less than themi

38、nimum solution annealing temperature specified in Table 1,forgings made from austenitic grades (except grades F 304H, F309H, F 310, F 310H, F 316H, F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H,F 348, F 348H, F 45, and F 56) may be individually rapidlyquenched in accordance with the requirements of Table 1.7.3.2 See

39、 Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particularheat treatment method is to be employed.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of forgingsmay be performed before machining.7.5 Forged or Rolled BarForged or rolled austeniticstainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to bemachined, as perm

40、itted by 6.4, and the parts machined fromsuch bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall befurnished to the annealing requirements of SpecificationA479/A479M or this specification, with subsequent light cold draw-ing and straightening permitted (see Supplementary Require-ment S3 if annealing

41、 must be the final operation).TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 90

42、0 air coolB1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900

43、1040 liquid 500 260BF 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquidB136

44、51435 740-780F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 12, Class 1, 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 21, F 3V, and F3VCbanneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675

45、F 22, Class 1, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 675F 22V normalize and temper orquench and temper1650 900 air cool or liquidB1250 675F 23 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolaccelerated coolB13501470 730800F 24 normalize and temper 1800-1975 980-

46、1080 air coolor liquidB13501470 730800FR anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize 1750 955 air coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 36, Class 1 normalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1100 595F 36, Class 2 normalize and temperquench and temper1650 9001650 900air coolaccelerated air coo

47、lor liquidB1100 5951100 595Martensitic Stainless SteelsF 6a Class 1 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1325 725temper not requiredBB1325 725F 6a Class 2 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1250 675te

48、mper not required 1250 675F 6a Class 3 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1100 595A182/A182M 113TABLE 1 ContinuedGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperatu

49、re,Minimum orRange, F CF 6a Class 4 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1000 540F 6b anneal 1750 955 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool 400 205 1150 620F 6NM normalize and temper 1850 1010 air cool 200 95 1040-1120 560-600Ferritic Stainless SteelsF XM-27 Cb anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolBBF 429 anneal 1850 1010 furna