ASTM A193 A193M-2012 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications《高压或高温设备.pdf

1、Designation:A193/A193M11a Designation: A193/A193M 12Standard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperatureor High Pressure Service and Other Special PurposeApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following th

2、e designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for

3、use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolting for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for hightemperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definiti

4、on ofbolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austeniticstainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic steelis ordered, the purchaser should ta

5、ke special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selectionwill depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteris

6、tics.1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has included fifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose.Other composition

7、s will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made toSpecification A354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting suita

8、ble for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 14.1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shallapply only when specified

9、in the purchase order or contract.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or

10、inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-confo

11、rmance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or BothA320/A320M Specification for Allo

12、y-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting I

13、ntended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, St

14、ainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov.March 1, 2011.2012. Published December 2011.April 2012

15、. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asA193/A193M11a. DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-11a2.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o

16、rg, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what cha

17、nges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offi

18、cial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically DepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited C

19、oatings of CadmiumE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic M

20、aterialsE150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep and Creep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under Conditionsof Rapid Heating and Short TimesE151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating andConventional or Rapid Strain R

21、atesE292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of MaterialsE328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and StructuresE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Ferrous MetalsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingF606 Test Methods for Determinin

22、g the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, DirectTension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated FastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fa

23、steners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.1MMetric Hex Cap Screws B18.

24、2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:5AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the follow

25、ing, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated (Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A), andcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B and 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Cl

26、asses 1B and 1C applyto the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainless steels; Class 1D applies to material carbide solution treated by coolingrapidly from the rolling temperature),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts, screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purcha

27、ser, in accordance with 14.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 7.1.5.1, 7.2.6, 9.1, 14.1, and 15.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are or

28、dered the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly understood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. These requirementsinclude test methods, finish, thread dimensions, macroetc

29、h (alloy steels only), marking, certification, optional supplementaryrequirements, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA962/A962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this speci

30、fication shall prevail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may be vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strand casting.5.2 Qualit

31、ySee Specification A962/A962M for requirements.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.or

32、g.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A193/A193M 1

33、226. Discard6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Ferritic Steels7.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range immediately after rollingor forging. Materials s

34、hall then be uniformly reheated to the proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thus reheated beingknown as a quenching charge), quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for each quenching charge,and tempered. The minimum tempering temperature shall be as specified i

35、n Tables 2 and 3.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese

36、, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromi

37、um-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.370.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35

38、 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (34

39、7) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over

40、 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20

41、17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B

42、8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overA193/A193M 123TABLE 1 ContinuedType Austenitic Steel

43、s,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosp

44、horus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . .

45、2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.00 . . .Type. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 ov

46、erPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNitrogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeP

47、roduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.

48、018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653R

49、angeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividua