ASTM A193 A193M-2012b Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications《高压或高温设.pdf

1、Designation: A193/A193M 12bStandard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperatureor High Pressure Service and Other Special PurposeApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates t

2、he yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the De

3、partment of Defense.NoteTable 1 was corrected editorially and the year date changed on August 8, 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for hightemperature or high pressure service, or other special purposeap

4、plications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definitionof bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainharden

5、ed austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, m

6、e-chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in-dispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedseveral steel types that have been rather ext

7、ensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lowerrange of high temperature applications, reference should be made toSpecificati

8、on A354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in lowtemperature applications, reference should be made to SpecificationA320/A320M.1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at theoption of the purchaser. The suppleme

9、ntary requirements shallapply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),the inch-pound units shall ap

10、ply.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining value

11、sfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nutsfor Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service

12、,or BothA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA962/A962M Specificati

13、on for Common Requirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-genic to the Creep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is t

14、he direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 8, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2

15、012 as A193/A193M12a.DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-12b.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual

16、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B695 Specifica

17、tion for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tensio

18、n Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCreep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of R

19、apid Heating and Short Times (Withdrawn1984)4E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates (Withdrawn1984)4E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture NotchTension Tests of MaterialsE328 Test M

20、ethods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tensio

21、n Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-me

22、nts for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:5B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6

23、AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-tion Standard3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated(Class 1

24、), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2Band 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1Capply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainlesssteels; Class 1D applies to material carbide solution t

25、reated bycooling rapidly from the rolling temperature),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with13.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.1.5.1,6.2.6, 8

26、.1, and 13.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Bolting supplied to th

27、is specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A962/A962M. These re-quirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions,macroetch (alloy steels only), marking, certification, optionalsupplementary requirements, and others. Failure to complywith the requirements of Specific

28、ation A962/A962M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, el

29、ectric-furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may bevacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strandcasting.5.2 QualitySee Specification A962/A962M for require-ments.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Ferritic Steels6.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperatu

30、rebelow the cooling transformation range immediately afterrolling or forging. Materials shall then be uniformly reheated tothe proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thusreheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched in aliquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for eachqu

31、enching charge, and tempered. The minimum temperingtemperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave.,

32、 New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A193/A193M 12b2TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium

33、12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSi

34、licon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.370

35、.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Alum

36、inum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or Unde

37、rBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.03

38、0 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . .

39、 .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation . .S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProductVariation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct V

40、ariation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.00

41、2 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.00 .

42、. .Type. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overA193/A193M 12b3TABLE 1 Conti

43、nuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNitrogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8

44、S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05

45、over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B

46、8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon

47、 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8CLN, B8CLNAUNS Designation S34751 (347LN)RangeProduct Variation,Over or Unde

48、rBCarbon, max 0.0050.020 0.002 under,0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.01 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.013.0 0.15Columbium 0.200.50,15 x carbon content, min0.05Nitrogen 0.060.10 0.01AThe intentional addition of

49、 Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.CTypical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is p