1、Designation: A194/A194M 12aA194/A194M 13 Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service, or Both1This standard is issued under th
2、e fixed designation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since t
3、he last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 14 through 4 in.and metric M6 through M100 nominal. It also cover
4、s austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 14 in. and M6 nominal andabove. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions without the purchaserspermission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought. The mat
5、erial may be further processed by centerless grinding orby cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed and strainhardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchaser should t
6、ake specialcare to ensure that 8.2.2, Supplementary Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract, and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-p
7、ound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eac
8、hsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Speci
9、fication for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA962/A962M Spe
10、cification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification for Coatings
11、of Cadmium Mechanically DepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of CadmiumE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stai
12、nless Steel and RelatedAlloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2012October 2013.
13、 Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asA194/A194M12.12a. DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-12a.10.1520/A0194_A0194M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-194 in Section II of that code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit the
14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an
15、indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to
16、be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Interna
17、lly Threaded Fasteners, Washers, DirectTension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated FastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Spe
18、cification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements forApplication to Carbon andAlloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers,Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex
19、 NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of “8” or “9.”3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16.3.1.3 LotUnless otherwise specified (see Discussion below), a lot
20、 is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and gradeproduced by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.1 DiscussionWhen Supplementary Requirement S5 is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of a lot shall apply:3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of a single
21、nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steeland made by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts(see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from thesame heat number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-type heat treating
22、equipment is used or heat treated in the samecontinuous run of not more than 8 h under the same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the grade designated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing proce
23、ss.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the grade designated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical additions madefor machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometry of the nuts as described in ASME B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and o
24、rder for material under this specification shall include the following as required to describe the materialadequately:4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issue date and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance wi
25、th 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and 12, and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8). Whencoated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thorough
26、ly understood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used in low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).4.4 Proof Load TestingSee Supplementary Requirement S9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensions andconfigurations other than those covered in Tables 3 an
27、d 4.5. Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. Theserequirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optional supplementary requirements, and4 Available from Ameri
28、can Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A194/A194M 132TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,C,DGradeSymbol MaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%T
29、ita-nium,%Colum-bium andTanta-lum, %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 2HM,and 2Hcarbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4G carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 . . .
30、. . . 0.200.30 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Type 501 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.06.0 . . . 0.400.65 . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Type 410 S41000 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type 416 S41600 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . .6F Type416SeS41623 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min7, 7M Type4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.370.49 0.651.10 0.035 0.04 0.150.35 0.751.20 . . . 0.150.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 8A Type 304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . .8C, 8CA Type 347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . 10 xcarboncontent,min. . . . . .8CLN,8CLNAType347LNS34751 0.005-0.0202.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . 0.200.50,15 xcarboncontent,min0.060.10 . . .8M, 8MA Type 316 S31600 0.08 2.
33、00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . . . . . . .8T, 8TA Type 321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . 5 x(C+N)min -0.70max. . . 0.10 . . .8F, 8FA Type 303 S30300 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8F, 8FA Type303SeS303
34、23 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min8P, 8PA Type 305withrestrictedcarbonS30500 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8N, 8NA Type304NS30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168LN,8LNATy
35、pe304LNS30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168MN,8MNAType316NS31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168R, 8RAF XM19 S20
36、910 0.06 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.100.30 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.308S, 8SA S21800 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.080.188MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.22 Copper,0.
37、501.008MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.25 Copper,0.501.009C, 9CA N08367 N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25.5 6.0-7.0 0.18-0.25 Copper0.7516 ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 0.801.15
38、. . . 0.500.65 . . . . . . . . . Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015A The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.B Total aluminum, soluble and insoluble.C Maximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.D Where e
39、llipses () appear in this table there is no requirement.E Because of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.F As described in Specification A276.GGrade 4 is expected to be withdrawn within approximately 2 years. Grade 7
40、is an acceptable substitute for Grade 4. See 7.2.A194/A194M 133TABLE 2 Hardness RequirementsAGrade and TypeCompleted Nuts Sample Nut after Treatment as in 8.1.5BrinellHardnessRockwell Hardness BrinellHardness,minRockwellHardness BScale, minC Scale B Scale1 121 min . 70 min 121 702 159 to 352 . 84 mi
41、n 159 842H to 112 in. or M36, incl 248 to 327 24 to 35 . 179 892H over 112 in. or M36 212 to 327 35 max 95 min 147 792HM and 7M 159 to 235 . 84 to 99 159 843, 4, 7, and 16 248 to 327 24 to 35 . 201 946 and 6F 228 to 271 20 to 28 . . .8, 8C, 8CLN, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P,8N,8MN, 8LN, 8MLN,8MLCuN, and 9C126 to
42、 300 32 max 60 min . .8A, 8CA, 8CLNA, 8MA, 8TA,8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA,8LNA, 8MLNA,8MLCuNA, and 9CA126 to 192 . 60 to 90 . .8R, 8RA, 8S, and 8SA 183 to 271 25 max 88 min . .A Where ellipses () appear in this table there is no requirement.TABLE 3 Proof Load Using Threaded Mandrel Inch SeriesNOTE 1Proof l
43、oads are not design loads.NominalSize, in.Threadsper InchStress Areain.2Proof Load, lbfAGrade 1 Grades 2, 2HM, 6, 6F, 7M Grades 2H, 3, 4, 7, 16Heavy HexB HexC Heavy HexD HexE Heavy HexF HexG14 20 0.0316 4 130 3 820 4 770 4 300 5 570 4 770516 18 0.0524 6 810 6 290 7 860 7 070 9 170 7 86038 16 0.0774
44、10 080 9 300 11 620 10 460 13 560 11 620716 14 0.1063 13 820 12 760 15 940 14 350 18 600 15 94012 13 0.1419 18 450 17 030 21 280 19 160 24 830 21 280916 12 0.182 23 660 21 840 27 300 24 570 31 850 27 30058 11 0.226 29 380 27 120 33 900 30 510 39 550 33 90034 10 0.334 43 420 40 080 50 100 45 090 58 4
45、50 50 10078 9 0.462 60 060 55 440 69 300 62 370 80 850 69 3001 8 0.606 78 780 72 720 90 900 81 810 106 000 90 900118 8 0.790 102 700 94 800 118 500 106 700 138 200 118 500114 8 1.000 130 000 120 000 150 000 135 000 175 000 150 000138 8 1.233 160 200 148 000 185 000 166 500 215 800 185 000112 8 1.492
46、 194 000 170 040 223 800 201 400 261 100 223 800All Types of Grade 8, Grades 9C and 9CAHeavy HexH HexI14 20 0.0316 2 540 2 380516 18 0.0524 4 190 3 93038 16 0.0774 6 200 5 810716 14 0.1063 8 500 7 97012 13 0.1419 11 350 10 640916 12 0.182 14 560 13 65058 11 0.226 18 080 16 95034 10 0.334 26 720 25 0
47、5078 9 0.462 36 960 34 6501 8 0.606 48 480 45 450118 8 0.790 63 200 59 250114 8 1.000 80 000 75 000138 8 1.233 98 640 92 450112 8 1.492 119 360 111 900A See limit for proof load test in 8.2.2.1. The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46 % of the tabulated load.B Based on proof stress of 130 000 psi.C
48、Based on proof stress of 120 000 psi.D Based on proof stress of 150 000 psi.E Based on proof stress of 135 000 psi.F Based on proof stress of 175 000 psi.G Based on proof stress of 150 000 psi.H Based on proof stress of 80 000 psi.I Based on proof stress of 75 000 psi.A194/A194M 134others. Failure t
49、o comply with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail.6. Manufacture (Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shall be made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional),6.1.2 Vacuum induc
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