ASTM A229 A229M-1999(2005) Standard Specification for Steel Wire Oil-Tempered for Mechanical Springs《机械弹簧用油回火的钢丝的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 229/A 229M 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Oil-Tempered for Mechanical Springs1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 229/A 229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cov

3、ers two classes of oil-temperedsteel spring wire intended especially for the manufacture ofmechanical springs and wire forms.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,

4、 eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 510 Specification for General Requirements

5、for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA 510M Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel MetricA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forCh

6、emical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decar-burization of Steel Specimens2

7、.2 American National Standard:B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rect-angle, and Hexagon Metal Products32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage42.4 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)42.5 AIAG St

8、andard:AIAGB-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-tion Standard53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology A 941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser

9、 to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass or weight),4.1.2 Name of material (oil-tempered steel mechanicalspring wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.3 Dimensions (

10、Section 10),4.1.4 Chemical composition (Table 3), if required,4.1.5 Packaging (Section 16),4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis report, if desired (see 7.2),4.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 15), and4.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE 1Atypical metric ordering desc

11、ription is as follows: 10 000 kgoil-tempered steel mechanical spring wire, Class I, 8.00 mm diameter, in250-kg coils to ASTM A 229 M xx, or for inch-pound units, 20 000 lboil-tempered steel mechanical Spring Wire, Class I 0.315 in. diameter, in500-lb coils to ASTM A 229 xx.5. General Requirements5.1

12、 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of either Specification A 510M orSpecification A 510.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

13、A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1999 A 229/A 229M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu

14、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins

15、Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite200, Southfield, MI 48034.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The ste

16、el may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process. The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.6.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe andundue segregation.6.3 The wire shall be oil quenched and tempered to producethe desired mechanical properties.7. Chemical Compo

17、sition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shallbe analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 3. This analysis shall be madefrom a test specimen p

18、referably taken during the pouring of thecast or heat. When requested, this shall be reported to thepurchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.7.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat ofsteel. The chemical compositi

19、on thus determined, as to ele-ments required or restricted, shall conform to the productanalysis requirements specified in Table 10 of SpecificationA 510 or A 510M.7.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751 shall be used.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 Req

20、uirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.8.1.3 Location of Tes

21、tsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.8.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.8.2 Wrap Test:8.2.1 RequirementsWire 4.00 mm or 0.162 in. andsmaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor withoutbreakage. Larger di

22、ameter wire, up to and including 8.00 mmor 0.312 in. shall wind, without breakage, on a mandrel twiceTABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsADiameter,BmmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.50 2050 2250 2230 24500.55 2020 2220 2220 24400.60 2000 2200 2210 24300.

23、65 1950 2150 2190 24100.70 1950 2150 2170 21900.80 1900 2100 2140 23600.90 1850 2050 2100 23201.00 1800 2000 2060 22801.10 1780 1980 2030 22401.20 1750 1950 2000 22101.40 1700 1900 1950 21501.60 1650 1850 1900 21001.80 1620 1820 1860 20602.00 1600 1800 1820 20202.20 1580 1780 1790 19902.50 1550 1750

24、 1750 19502.80 1520 1720 1710 19003.00 1500 1700 1690 18803.50 1450 1620 1640 18304.00 1400 1580 1600 17804.50 1380 1550 1560 17405.00 1350 1520 1520 17005.50 1320 1500 1500 16806.00 1300 1480 1480 16607.00 1280 1450 1450 16308.00 1250 1430 1430 16109.00 1220 1400 1410 159010.00 1200 1380 1400 15801

25、1.00 1180 1350 1380 156012.00 1150 1320 1360 154014.00 1120 1300 1340 152016.00 1120 1300 1320 1500ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.BPreferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B 32.4M , Preferred MetricSizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon

26、Metal Products.TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,Ain.Class I Class IITensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 293 323 324 3540.023 289 319 320 3500.026 286 316 317 3470.029 283 313 314 3440.032 280 310 311 3410.035 274 304 305 3350.041 266 296 297 3270.048

27、 259 289 290 3200.054 253 283 284 3140.062 247 277 278 3080.072 241 271 272 3020.080 235 265 266 2960.092 230 260 261 2910.106 225 255 256 2860.120 220 250 251 2810.135 215 240 241 2660.148 210 235 236 2610.162 205 230 231 2560.177 200 225 226 2510.192 195 220 221 2460.207 190 215 216 2410.225 188 2

28、13 214 2390.244 187 212 213 2380.250 185 210 211 2360.312 183 208 209 2340.375 180 205 206 2310.438 175 200 201 2260.500 170 195 196 2210.562 165 190 191 2160.625 165 190 191 216ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition

29、, %Carbon 0.550.85Manganese 0.301.20APhosphorus, max 0.040Sulfur, max 0.050Silicon 0.150.35AGenerally 0.80/1.20 % manganese for diameter 5.00 mm or 0.192 in. andlarger; 0.30/0.90 % for diameters less than 5.00 mm or 0.192 in. The choice ofcomposition shall be optional with the manufacturer unless th

30、e purchaser definitelyspecifies otherwise.A 229/A 229M 99 (2005)2the wire diameter. Wrap test on wires over 8.00 mm or 0.312in. diameter is not applicable.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be

31、tested.8.2.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.8.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, SupplementIV.9. Metallurgical Requirements9.1 Surface ConditionThe surface of the wire as-receivedshall be free o

32、f rust, excessive scale die marks, pits andscratches detrimental to the end application. Seams shall notexceed 3.5 % of the wire diameter or 0.25 mm 0.010 in.,whichever is less.9.1.1 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil.9.2 MicrostructureAlongitudinal sec

33、tion of the wire shallshow a fine, homogeneous, tempered martensite structure.9.3 Decarburization:9.3.1 The maximum depth of decarburization (free ferriteplus partial decarburization) shall not exceed 2 % of the wirediameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in. whichever is less. The depthof complete decarburizatio

34、n (free ferrite shall not exceed0.75 % of the wire diameter.9.3.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined byetching a suitably polished transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding.9.3.3 The entire periphery shall b

35、e examined at a magnifi-cation of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite andmaximum affected depth. Smaller wire sizes may requirehigher magnification. Measure the worst area present exclud-ing decarburization associated with seams or other surfaceimperfections. Complete decarburization exists

36、when only freeferrite is present. Partial decarburization exists when ferrite isfound mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structuresof 100 % martensite shall be defined as not decarburized.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wiresha

37、ll be as specified in Table 4 or Table 5.11. Workmanship and Appearance11.1 The wire shall be uniform in quality and temper andshall not be wavy or crooked.11.2 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire,properly coiled and firmly tied. Welds made prior to colddrawing are permitted.12. Retests

38、12.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it may be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.13. Inspection13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test require

39、ments specified in this specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The

40、purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based

41、on testsmade in accordance with this specification shall be reported tothe manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.14.2 The material shall be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.15. Certificati

42、on15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in

43、thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.15.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.16. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment16.1 The coil mass, dimensions, and the method of packag-ing s

44、hall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser.TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, SI UnitsADiameter, mmPermissibleVariations, plus andminus, mmPermissible Out-ofRound, mmTo 0.70, incl 0.02 0.02Over 0.70 to 2.00, incl 0.03 0.032.00 to 9.00, incl 0.05 0.05Over 9.00 0.08 0.08AF

45、or purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, Inch-PoundUnitsADiameter, in. PermissibleVariations, plusand minus, in.Permissible Out-of-Round, in.0.020 to 0.028, incl 0.0008

46、 0.0008Over 0.028 to 0.075, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.075 to 0.375, incl 0.002 0.002Over 0.375 0.003 0.003AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.A 229/A 229M 99 (2005)316.2 A tag shall be securely attached to each co

47、il of wirewith identifying information as agreed upon by the purchaserand manufacturer.16.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging, marking, and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by PracticesA 700.16.4 For Government ProcurementPackag

48、ing, packing,and marking of material for military procurement shall be inaccordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-163, Level A,Level C, or commercial as specified in the contract or purchaseorder. Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies shallbe in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.16.

49、5 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously-stated iden-tification requirements, bar coding is acceptable as a supple-mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consistentwith AIAG Standard 02.00, Primary Metals Identification TagApplication. The bar code may be applied to a substantiallyaffixed tag.17. Keywords17.1 oil-tempered; springs; wireASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determ