1、Designation: A234/A234M 11aA234/A234M 13 Used in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forPiping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel forModerate and High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designati
2、on indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
3、cies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by thelatest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are for use inpressure pipin
4、g and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from theseASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A960/A960M.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for fitting
5、s where a greater degree of examination is desired. Whendesired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may be specified in the order.1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings aregoverned by Specifications A21
6、6/A216M and A217/A217M.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
7、units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with
8、 the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature
9、ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged
10、 Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section V Nondestructive ExaminationSection VIII, Division 1,1 Pressure VesselsSection IX Welding Qualifications1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Rela
11、tedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published January 2012October 2013. Originally approved
12、 in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asA234/A234M11.11a. DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-11a.10.1520/A0234_A0234M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-234 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.as
13、tm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New
14、 York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
15、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
16、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.5 MSS Standards:5MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and UnionsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 In
17、tegrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet FittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends2.6 ASNT Standard:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification2.7 AWS Specifications7A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shiel
18、ded Metal Arc WeldingA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 See Sp
19、ecification A960/A960M.4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA960/A960
20、M constitutes non-conformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification shall prevail.5. Materials5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of killed steel, forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamle
21、ss or fusion-welded tubularproducts with filler metal added and shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless otherwise specified for carbonsteel plates and sheet, the steel may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade WP9 shall be made to fine grainpractice.5.2 A
22、 starting material specification that specifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed for the materialsin Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the judicious useof elements for grain size control.6. Manuf
23、acture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, bending,fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall be so appliedthat it will not produce injurious imperfectio
24、ns in the fittings.6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from hot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock having thechemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat treatment shall be inaccordance with Section 7. All cap
25、s machined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle inaccordance with S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M.6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products from which fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, welding operators,and welding procedures qualifie
26、d under the provisions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with Section 7 of thisspecification, and (3) radiographically examined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance with Article 2, ASMESection V with acceptance limits in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Sec
27、tion VIII, Division 1 of the ASME BoilerSAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. Inaddition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables used to fabricate WP91 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.6.3.2 All welds inWP92 andWP911 shall be made using weldi
28、ng consumables meeting the chemical requirements for the gradein Table 1.5 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.6 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.
29、Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.7 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A234/A234M 132TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.NOTE 2Where an e
30、llipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no requirement. requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined orreported.colwidth=“1.31in“/COLSPECGrade andMarkingSymbolAComposition, %Carbon ManganesePhosphorus,Phospho-rusmaxSulfur,SulfurmaxSilicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Othe
31、rsWPBB,C,D,E,F 0.30 max 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 maxWPBB,C,D,E, 0.30 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WPCC,D,E,F 0.35 max 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 maxWPCC,D
32、,E, 0.35 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WP1 0.28 max 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.100.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP1 0.28 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.100.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 max 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . .
33、 . . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL2 . . .WP11 CL1 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL2, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.040 0.040 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL3 . . .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15
34、0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL3 . . .WP24 0.050.10 0.300.70 0.020 0.010 0.150.45 2.202.60 0.901.10 . . . 0.751.25 Aluminum 0.020Boron 0.00150.0070Nitrogen 0.12Titanium 0.060.10Va
35、nadium 0.200.30WP5 CL1, 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 max 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP5 CL3 . . .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 max 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 0.300.60 0
36、.030 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WPR 0.20 max 0.401.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24 0.751.25 . . .WPR 0.20 0.401.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24 0.751.25 . . .WP91 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 max . . . Vanadium 0.180.25WP91 0.080.1
37、2 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.030.07Aluminum 0.02 maxGAluminum 0.02FTitanium 0.01 maxGTitanium 0.01FZirconium 0.01 maxGZirconium 0.01FWP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0.40 max . . . Vanadium 0.180.
38、25WP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.0600.10Nitrogen 0.040.09Aluminum 0.02 maxGAluminum 0.02 maxFBoron 0.00030.006Tungsten 0.901.10Titanium 0.01 maxGTitanium 0.01 maxFZirconium 0.01 maxGZirconium 0.01 maxFWP92 0.070.13 0.300.60 0.020
39、0.010 0.50 8.509.50 0.300.60 0.40 . . . Aluminum 0.02FBoron 0.0010.006Columbium 0.040.09Nitrogen 0.0300.070Titanium 0.01FTungsten 1.502.00Vanadium 0.150.25Zirconium 0.01FA When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.B Fitting
40、s made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.C Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.D For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maxi
41、mumof 1.65 %.E The sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.F The sum of Chromium and Molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.A234/A234M 1336.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall
42、be finished in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of ASMESection VIII, Division 1.6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming method(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by oneof the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement S52 or S53 in Speci
43、fication A960/A960M. This examination shall beperformed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circle that coversthe area from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to the center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfaces sh
44、all beexamined when size permits accessibility. No cracks shall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated in accordance withSection 14 on Surface Quality. After the removal of any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the original method. Acceptabletees shall be marked with the symbol P
45、T or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.6.7 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy gradeand composition, to the outside of a straight section of pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration joint
46、, satisfiesthe requirements of 6.3 for qualifications and 7.3.37.3.4 for post weld heat treatment.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Heat Treatment ProceduresFittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below thecritical range under suitable conditions to prevent injurious
47、defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case more rapidly thanthe cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings shall be treatedaccording to paragraph 7 in Specification A960/A960M.7.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings :7.2.1 Ho
48、t-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings upon which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature above1150 F 620 C and below 1800 F 980 C need not be heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings finished at temperature in excess of
49、1800 F 980 C shallsubsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not be heat treated.7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, produced by locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any temperaturefor forming, shall be subsequently annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such as elbows, tees, header tees,reducers and lap joint stub ends with a carbon content less
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