ASTM A307-2007a Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength《抗拉强度为60000PSI的碳素钢螺栓和螺柱的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 307 07aStandard Specification forCarbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers the chemical an

3、d mechanicalrequirements of three grades of carbon steel bolts and studs insizes14 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by“Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:Grade DescriptionGrade A Bolts and studs having aminimum tensile strength of60 ksi and intended for gen-e

4、ral applications,Grade B Bolts and studs having atensile strength of 60 to 100ksi and intended for flangedjoints in piping systems withcast iron flanges, andGrade C Replaced by SpecificationF 1554 Gr.361.1.1 The term studs includes stud stock, sometimes re-ferred to as threaded rod.1.2 This specific

5、ation does not cover requirements formachine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanicalexpansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in SpecificationA 563. Unlessotherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade offastener, of all surfac

6、e finishes, shall be as follows:Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleAA14 to 112 in. A, hexA over 112 to 4 in. A, heavy hexB,14 to 4 in. A, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci-fication A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style

7、of nut are alsosuitable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature isprovided, which describes additional restrictions to be appliedwhen bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specifiedin the inquiry, o

8、rder, and contract.1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 706/A 7

9、06M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 606

10、Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55

11、, and105-ksi Yield StrengthF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads4B 18.2.1 Square

12、and Hex Bolts and Screws4B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System53. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nutsand accessories) under this specification shall include thefollowing:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFas

13、teners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 307 07.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications s

14、ee related Specifi-cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4

15、Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi

16、s standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style,that is, hex or heavy hex,3.1.3 Grade, that is, A, or B. If no grade is spe

17、cified, GradeA is furnished.3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts),3.1.5 Fastener size and length,3.1.6 WashersQuantity and size (separate from bolts),3.1.7 Zinc CoatingSpecify the zinc-coating process re-quired, for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or nopreference (see

18、4.5).3.1.8 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 8.2),and3.1.11 Specify additional testing (8.3) or special require-ments.3.1.12 For establishment of a part i

19、dentifying system, seeASME B 18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Steel for bolts and studs shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process.4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of theheads or machining from bar stock.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 Cold headed fas

20、teners with head configurations otherthan hex shall be stress relief annealed.4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners shall be at themanufacturers option.4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut.4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are r

21、equired, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hotdip, mechanically deposited, or no preference.4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall bezinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with therequirements of Specification F 2329.4.5.3 When mechanically de

22、posited is specified, the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition processin accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of Specifica-tion B 695.4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, o

23、r a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50. Threadedcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.5. Chemical Composition5.1 GradeAan

24、d B bolts and studs shall have a heat analysisconforming to the requirements specified in Table 1 based onthe steel producers heat analysis.5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conductingproduct analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shallconform to the product analysis specified in Tab

25、le 1.5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the productanalysis shall take precedence.5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, inwhich case individual heats of steel cannot be identified.5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-nium, tellurium, or lead has

26、been intentionally added shall notbe permitted for Grade B bolts and studs.5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall conform to thehardness specified in Table 2.6.2 GradeA

27、and B bolts and studs 1 in. in diameter or less,other than those excepted in 6.4, shall be tested full size andshall conform to the requirements for tensile strength specifiedin Table 3.6.3 Grade A and B bolts and studs larger than 1 in. indiameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall preferably

28、 betested full size and when equipment of sufficient capacity isavailable and shall conform to the requirements for tensilestrength specified in Table 3. When equipment of sufficientcapacity for full-size bolt testing is not available, or when thelength of the bolt makes full-size testing impractica

29、l, machinedspecimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require-ments specified in Table 4.6.4 GradesAand B bolts and studs less than three diametersin length or bolts with drilled or undersize heads are not subjectto tensile tests.6.5 In the event that bolts are tested by both full size and b

30、ymachine test specimen methods, the full-size test shall governif a controversy between the two methods exists.6.6 For bolts and studs on which both hardness and tensiontests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirementsTABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts andStudsHeat An

31、alysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.29 0.33Manganese, max 1.20 1.25Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041Sulfur, maxGrade A 0.15AGrade B 0.05 0.051AResulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis forsulfur.TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts and StudsGrade Length, in. HardnessABrin

32、ell Rockwell Bmin max min maxA Less than 3 3 diaB121 241 69 1003 3 dia and longer . . . 241 . . . 100B Less than 3 3 diaB121 212 69 953 3 dia and longer . . . 212 . . . 95AAs measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.BAlso bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bo

33、lts with modifiedheads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the onlyrequirement.A 307 07a2shall take precedence in the event that there is controversy overlow readings of hardness tests.7. Dimensions7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the CoarseThread Series as spe

34、cified in the latest issue of ASME B 1.1,and shall have a Class 2A tolerance.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hexbolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ASMEB 18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall beheavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the

35、 latest issue ofASME B 18.2.1.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be usedwith nuts or tapped holes which have been tapped oversize, inaccordance with Specification A 563, shall have Class 2Athreads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating the maximum li

36、mit of pitch and majordiameter shall not exceed the Class 2Amaximum limit by morethan the following amounts:Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A14 0.016516 ,38 0.017716 ,12 0.018916 to34 , incl 0.02078 0.0221.0to114 , incl 0.024138 ,112 0.027134 to 4.0, incl 0.050AThese values are the same as the

37、 overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts inSpecification A 563.7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs shall be verifiedduring manufacture or use by assembly of a nut tapped asnearly as practical to the amount oversize shown above. In caseof dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that same siz

38、e(Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus) shall be used. Assem-bly of the gage, or the nut described above, must be possiblewith hand effort following application of light machine oil toprevent galling and damage to the gage. These inspections,when performed to resolve disputes, shall be performed a

39、t thefrequency and quality described in Table 5.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met incontinuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturershall make sample inspections to ensure that the productconforms to the specified requirements. Additional

40、 tests ofindividual shipments of material are not ordinarily contem-plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finishedproduct.8.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shallfurnish a test report certified to be the last completed set ofmechanical tests for each stock size i

41、n each shipment.8.3 When additional tests are specified on the purchaseorder, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consistof all material offered for inspection at one time that has thefollowing common characteristics:8.3.1 One type of item,8.3.2 One nominal size, and8.3.3 One nomina

42、l length of bolts and studs.8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirementshall be as follows:TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts and StudsBoltSize,in.Threadsper inchStressArea,Ain.2Tensile Strength, lbfBGradeA, minCGrade BminDmaxD14 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180516 18 0.0524

43、 3 100 3 100 5 24038 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750716 14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 63012 13 0.1419 8 500 8 500 14 190916 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 20058 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 60034 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 40078 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 2001 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600118 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 30

44、0114 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900138 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500112 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 500134 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 0002 4 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000214 4 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000212 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000234 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 0003 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 0003

45、14 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000312 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000334 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 0004 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000AArea calculated from the equation:As= 0.7854 D (0.9743/n)2where:As= stress area,D = nominal diameter of bolt, andn = threads per inch.B1 lbf = 4.448 N.CBased on 60

46、 ksi (414 MPa).DBased on 60100 ksi (414690 MPa).TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined SpecimensGrade A Grade BTensile strength, ksi 60 min 60100Yield point, min ksi . . . . . .Elongation in 2 in.,min, %18 18TABLE 5 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspectionof Hot-Dip or Mechanically Depo

47、sited Zinc-Coated ThreadsLot Size Sample SizeAAcceptance Number2to90 13 191 to 150 20 2151 to 280 32 3281 to 500 50 5501 to 1 200 80 71 201 to 3 200 125 103 201 to 10 000 200 1410 001 and over 315 21AInspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size.A 307 07a3Number of Pieces

48、 in Lot Number of Samples800 and under 1801 to 8 000 28 001 to 22 000 3Over 22 000 58.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin-ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted.8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of aspecified test, double the number of samples

49、 from the same lotshall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shallmeet the specification.9. Test Methods9.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall be tested inaccordance with Test Methods F 606.9.2 Standard square and hex head bolts only shall be testedby the wedge tension method except as noted in 6.4. Fractureshall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fractureat the junction of the head and body. Other headed bolts shallbe tested by the axial tension method.9.3 Speed of testing as determined with a