ASTM A327 A327M-2011 Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons《铸铁冲击试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: A327/A327M 11A327/A327M 11Standard Test Methods forImpact Testing of Cast Irons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A327/A327M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details of apparatus, test specimens and procedures for cast iron, includinggray iro

3、n, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with whiteiron skins.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equiv

4、alents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user

5、 of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons (Metric)E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metal

6、lic MaterialsTEST METHOD AROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS3. Scope3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons.4. Apparatus4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact ma

7、chine witha capacity of at least 150 J 110 ft lbf as used for the simple beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.5. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form, machined or ground to a smooth finish and shall conform to thefollowing dimensions:Type A Type MDiam

8、eter 28.572 0.050 mm1.125 0.002 in.20.00 0.03 mm0.787 0.001 in.Length 200 13 mm8.0 0.5 in.120 2 mm4.73 0.08 in.Span 152.0 0.7 mm6.00 0.03 in.100.0 0.5 mm3.937 0.020 in.6. Procedure6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of 5.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to th

9、e appropriaterequirements of Test Methods E23.6.2 Make the test at room temperature.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published December 20

10、11. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A327 91 (2006). DOI:10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer t

11、o the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all change

12、s accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit

13、ed States16.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.NOTE 1Care should be taken to examine broken specimens for indication of anvil interference which will give erroneous results.7. Report7.1 The results shall be reported as

14、_J ft lbf cast iron Charpy impact with _ mm in. diameter bar.TEST METHOD BSTANDARD CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE IRONS8. Scope8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.Selection of the type bar is de

15、pendent upon the specific material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.8.2 Both types of charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched Charpy bar,when tested, will produce substantially higher energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched

16、bar is therefore specified fortesting irons that have low fracture toughness characteristics.9. Charpy Test Bar Type9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type specimens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe type products) shall be employed.Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.9.2 The unnotched ch

17、arpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall be employed for testing of all grades of austempered ductile iron. Theseirons are tested after the austempering heat treatment.9.3 The unnotched charpy test specimen may be specified for other types of irons or irons that have been heat treated in variousways other

18、 than austempering, by specific agreement between producer and purchaser.10. Apparatus10.1 The single-blow Charpy test for ductile and malleable iron shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine witha capacity of at least 150 J 110 ft lbf as used for the simple beam test for steel describe

19、d in Test Methods E23.NOTE 1Permissible variations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 10 minCross section dimensions 0.03 mm 0.001in.Length of specimen, L 0, -2.5 mm 0,0.100 in.Angle of notch 1Radius of notch 0.03 mm 0.001in.Dimension to bottom of notch 0.03 mm 0.001in.Distance to not

20、ch, L2 1 mm 0.040 in.FIG. 1 Standard Vee Notch Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA327/A327M 112NOTE 1In Diagrams (a) and (b) the symbol t is for the pipe wallthickness. Permissible variations for L2 shall be 61 mm 60.040 in.FIG. 2 Impact Test Specimen for Ductile Iron Pipe and TubeNOTE 1Permissible var

21、iations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 10 minCross section dimensions 0.03 mm0.001 in.Length of specimen +0, -2.5 mm+0, 0.100in.FIG. 3 Unnotched Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA327/A327M 11310.2 Standard machines may be modified by using a more sensitive scale, or pendulum machine

22、s of a lower capacity may beused where values of less than 34 J 25 ft lbf will be obtained.11. Test Specimens11.1 Except for pipe, the test specimen shall have the shape and dimensions as shown in Fig. 1 for notch Charpy bars and Fig.3 for unnotched Charpy bars. Bars must have a smooth machined or g

23、round surface finish. The notched area of notch type barsshall be free of any burrs or machining marks that could adversely influence test values.11.2 In the case of malleable or ductile irons that are to be tested after heat treatment, such as austempered ductile irons, finalfinish grinding of long

24、itudinal faces and cutting of the notch must be performed after completion of all heat treatment operations.11.3 Test specimens taken from ductile iron pipe shall be 0.500 in. wide, measured from the notched face. The thickness of thenotched face shall be equal to the full wall thickness of the pipe

25、 (t), except that specimens in which the pipe wall specimenthickness exceeds the maximum height accommodated by the impact test machine shall be machined to a thickness that can beaccommodated by the machine. Specimens shall be machined in accordance with Fig. 2.12. Procedure12.1 Test the specimen i

26、n accordance with the procedures set forth in Test Methods E23.12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be performed at 21 6 5.5C 70 6 10F.12.3 For testing at other than room temperature, accuracy of results is ensured by following the procedure outlined in TestMethods E23.12.4 Characterizati

27、on of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 For malleable or ductile irons, the results shall be reported as J ft lbf at C F, “standard notched Charpy test” or“standard unnotched Charpy tes

28、t,” depending upon which specimen type was employed.13.1.2 Impact test results for ductile iron pipe shall be corrected by calculation as follows:Impact value corrected = (10.2/t 0.40t ) impact value measured where t is the thickness of the specimen in millimetres inches(see Fig. 2 and Note 2).NOTE

29、2The ratio 0.40t (where t = pipe wall thickness in millimetres inches), when multiplied by the measured energy values, normalizes reportedenergy values for pipe or tube of different wall thicknesses to a standard 10.2mm 0.40in. wall dimension.13.1.3 Where tests are conducted at other than room tempe

30、rature, as defined in 12.2, actual test temperature in the samplesthemselves at the time of testing shall be recorded and reported with the determined energy values. These temperatures shall bemeasured and reported to 61C 62F.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionNo statement on precision is currently

31、 available. The test methods for impact testing in this standard and inA327M are based on referenced Test Methods E23. Determination of precision for Test Methods E23 is currently under evaluationin Judicial Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing.14.2 BiasSince no acceptable single reference material

32、for determining bias in measuring impact energy for the variety of castirons covered by these test methods has been identified, bias has not been established.15. Keywords15.1 cast iron; Charpy impact test; impact testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent right

33、s asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any t

34、ime by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will

35、receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM

36、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).A327/A327M 114