1、Designation: A334/A334M 04a (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forSeamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes forLow-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A334/A334M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless a
3、nd welded, carbon and alloy-steeltubes intended for use at low temperatures. Some product sizesmay not be available under this specification because heavierwall thicknesses have an adverse affect on low-temperatureimpact properties.1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature isprovided. T
4、his shall apply only when specified by the pur-chaser.NOTE 1For tubing smaller than 1/2 in. 12.7 mm in outsidediameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 1 shallapply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smallerthan 1/8 in. 3.2 mm in outside diameter and wi
5、th a wall thicknessunder 0.015 in. 0.4 mm.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independe
6、ntly of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as
7、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testin
8、gof Steel ProductsA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirementsfor Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stain-less Steel TubesE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic Materials3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude t
9、he following, as required to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (seamless or welded tubes),3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),3.1.5 Length (specific or random),3.1.6 Optional r
10、equirements (other temperatures, Section14; hydrostatic or electric test, Section 16),3.1.7 Test report required, (Certification Section of Specifi-cation A1016/A1016M),3.1.8 Specification designation, and3.1.9 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.4. General Requirements
11、4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A1016/A1016M, unless otherwise providedherein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The tubes shall be made by the seamless or automaticwelding process with no addition of f
12、iller metal in the weldingoperation.6. Heat Treatment6.1 All seamless and welded tubes, other than Grades 8 and11, shall be treated to control their microstructure in accor-dance with one of the following methods:6.1.1 Normalize by heating to a uniform temperature of notless than 1550 F 845 C and co
13、ol in air or in the coolingchamber of an atmosphere controlled furnace.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition
14、approved April 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A334/A334M04a.DOI: 10.1520/A0334_A0334M-04AR10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-334 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM
15、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
16、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2 Normalize as in 10.1.1, and, at the discretion of themanufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.6.1.3 For the seamless process only, reheat and control hotworking and the temperature of the hot-finishing operation to afinishing temperature range
17、from 1550 to 1750 F 845 to 955C and cool in a controlled atmosphere furnace from an initialtemperature of not less than 1550 F 845 C.6.1.4 Treat as in 6.1.3 and, at the discretion of the manu-facturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.6.2 Grade 8 tubes shall be heat treated by the manufact
18、urerby either of the following methods.6.2.1 Quenched and TemperedHeat to a uniform tempera-ture of 1475 6 25 F 800 6 15 C; hold at this temperaturefor a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. 2 min/mm ofthickness, but in no case less than 15 min; quench byimmersion in circulating water. Reheat until
19、the pipe attains auniform temperature within the range from 1050 to 1125 F565 to 605 C; hold at this temperature for a minimum timein the ratio of 1 h/in. 2 min/mm of thickness, but in no caseless than 15 min; cool in air or water quench at a rate no lessthan 300 F 165 C/h.6.2.2 Double Normalized an
20、d Tempered Heat to a uni-form temperature of 1650 6 25 F 900 6 15 C; hold at thistemperature for a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. 2min/mm of thickness, but in no case less than 15 min; cool inair. Reheat until the pipe attains a uniform temperature of 14506 25 F 790 6 15 C; hold at this temper
21、ature for aminimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. 2 min/mm of thickness,but in no case less than 15 min; cool in air. Reheat to a uniformtemperature within the range from 1050 to 1125 F 565 to 605C; hold at this temperature for a minimum time of 1 h/in. 2min/mm of thickness but in no case less than 15
22、 min; cool inair or water quench at a rate not less than 300 F 165 C/h.6.3 Material from which impact specimens are obtainedshall be in the same condition of heat treatment as the finishedtubes.6.4 Whether to anneal Grade 11 tubes is per agreementbetween purchaser and supplier. When Grade 11 tubes a
23、reannealed they shall be normalized in the range of 1400 to 1600F 760 to 870 C.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.7.2 When Grades 1 or 6 are ordered under this specification,supplying an alloy grade that specifically
24、 requires the additionof any element other than those listed for the ordered grade inTable 1 is not permitted. However, the addition of elementsrequired for the deoxidation of the steel is permitted.8. Product Analysis8.1 An analysis of either one billet or one length offlat-rolled stock or one tube
25、 shall be made for each heat. Thechemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements specified.8.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests oftwo additional billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes shallbe made. Both retests, for the elements in question, sha
26、ll meetthe requirements of the specification; otherwise all remainingmaterial in the heat or lot shall be rejected or, at the option ofthe manufacturer, each billet, length of flat-rolled stock, or tubemay be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths offlat-rolled stock, or tubes which do
27、 not meet the requirementsof the specification shall be rejected.9. Sampling9.1 For flattening, flare, and flange requirements, the termlot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal sizeand wall thickness which are produced from the same heat ofsteel. When final heat treatment is in
28、a batch-type furnace, a lotshall include only those tubes of the same size and from thesame heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge.When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, thenumber of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in alot shall be determined from the
29、 size of the tubes as prescribedin Table 2.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Grade 1AGrade 3 Grade 6AGrade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 11Carbon, max 0.30 0.19 0.30 0.19 0.13 0.20 0.10Manganese 0.401.06 0.310.64 0.291.06 0.90 max 0.90 max 0.401.06 0.60 maxPhosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.02
30、5 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon . 0.180.37 0.10 min 0.130.32 0.130.32 . 0.35 maxNickel . 3.183.82 . 2.032.57 8.409.60 1.602.24 35.037.0Chromium . . . . . . 0.50 maxCopper . . . . . 0.751.25 .Cobalt . . . . . . 0.50 maxMolybdenum . . . . . . 0.50
31、maxAFor each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below 0.30 %, an increase of 0.05 % manganese above 1.06 % will be permitted to a maximum of 1.35 % manganese.TABLE 2 Heat-Treatment LotSize of Tube Size of Lot2 in. 50.8 mm and over in outside diameterand 0.200 in. 5.1 mm and over in wallthicknessnot more tha
32、n 50 tubesUnder 2 in. 50.8 mm but over 1 in. 25.4mm in outside diameter, or over 1 in.25.4 mm in outside diameter and under0.200 in. 5.1 mm in thicknessnot more than 75 tubes1 in. 25.4 mm or under in outside diameter not more than 125 tubesA334/A334M 04a (2010)29.2 For tensile and hardness test requ
33、irements, the term lotapplies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominaldiameter and wall thickness which are produced from the sameheat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-typefurnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same sizeand the same heat which are heat treate
34、d in the same furnacecharge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuousfurnace, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat,heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, timeat heat and furnace speed.10. Tensile Requirements10.1 The material shall conform to the require
35、ments as totensile properties prescribed in Table 3.11. Hardness Requirements11.1 The tubes shall have a hardness number not exceedingthose prescribed in Table 4.12. Impact Requirements12.1 For Grades 1, 3, 6, 7 and 9, the notched-bar impactproperties of each set of three impact specimens, including
36、specimens for the welded joint in welded pipe with wallthicknesses of 0.120 in. 3 mm and larger, when tested attemperatures in conformance with 14.1 shall be not less thanthe values prescribed in Table 5. The impact test is not requiredfor Grade 11.12.1.1 If the impact value of one specimen is below
37、 theminimum value, or the impact values of two specimens are lessTABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsGrade 1 Grade 3 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 11ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPaTensile Strength, min 55 380 65 450 60 415 65 450 100 690 63 435 65 450Yield Strength, min 30 20
38、5 35 240 35 240 35 240 75 520 46 315 35 240Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm (or 4D),min, %:Basic minimum elongation for walls5/16 in. 8 mm and over inthickness, strip tests, and for allsmall sizes tested in full section35 30 30 30 22 28 18AWhen standard round 2-in. or 50mm gage length or proportionallys
39、maller size specimen with thegage length equal to 4D (4 timesthe diameter) is used28 22 22 22 16 . .For strip tests, a deduction for each1/32 in. 0.8 mm decrease in wallthickness below 5/16 in. 8 mmfrom the basic minimum elonga-tion of the following percentagepoints1.75B1.50B1.50B1.50B1.25B1.50B.AEl
40、ongation of Grade 11 is for all walls and for small sizes tested in full section.BThe following table gives the calculated minimum values:Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min %Ain. mm Grade 1 Grade 3 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 95/16 (0.312) 8 35 30 30 30 22 289/32 (0.281) 7.2 33 28 28
41、 28 21 261/4 (0.250) 6.4 32 27 27 27 20 257/32 (0.219) 5.6 30 26 26 26 18 243/16 (0.188) 4.8 28 24 24 24 17 225/32 (0.156) 4 26 22 22 22 16 201/8 (0.125) 3.2 25 21 21 21 15 193/32 (0.094) 2.4 23 20 20 20 13 181/16 (0.062) 1.6 21 18 18 18 12 16ACalculated elongation requirements shall be rounded to t
42、he nearest whole number.NoteThe above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1/32 -in. 0.8-mm decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies betweentwo values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:Grade EquationA1 E = 56t +
43、 17.50 E = 2.19t + 17.503 E = 48t + 15.00 E = 1.87t + 15.006 E = 48t + 15.00 E = 1.87t + 15.007 E = 48t + 15.00 E = 1.87t + 15.008 E = 40t + 9.50 E = 1.56t + 9.509 E = 48t + 13.00 E = 1.87t + 13.00Awhere:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, andt = actual thickness of specimen, in. mm.A334/A334M 04a
44、(2010)3than the minimum average value but not below the minimumvalue permitted on a single specimen, a retest shall be allowed.The retest shall consist of breaking three additional specimensand each specimen must equal or exceed the required averagevalue. When an erratic result is caused by a defect
45、ive speci-men, or there is uncertainty in test procedures, a retest will beallowed.12.2 For Grade 8 each of the notched bar impact specimensshall display a lateral expansion opposite the notch not lessthan 0.015 in. 0.38 mm.12.2.1 When the average lateral expansion value for thethree impact specimen
46、s equals or exceeds 0.015 in. 0.38 mmand the value for one specimen is below 0.015 in. 0.38 mmbut not below 0.010 in. 0.25 mm, a retest of three additionalspecimens may be made. The lateral expansion of each of theretest specimens must equal or exceed 0.015 in. 0.38 mm.12.2.2 Lateral expansion value
47、s shall be determined inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.12.2.3 The values of absorbed energy in foot-pounds andthe fracture appearance in percentage shear shall be recordedfor information. A record of these values shall be retained fora period of at least 2 years.13. Mechanical Tes
48、ts13.1 Tension TestOne tension test shall be made on aspecimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shallbe made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50tubes.13.2 Flattening TestOne flattening test shall be made onspecimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot but
49、not the one used for the flare or flange test.13.3 Flare Test (Seamless Tubes)One flare test shall bemade on specimens from each end of one finished tube of eachlot, but not the one used for the flattening test.13.4 Flange Test (Welded Tubes)One flange test shall bemade on specimens from each end of one finished tube of eachlot, but not the one used for the flattening test.13.5 Reverse Flattening TestFor welded tubes, one re-verse flattening test shall b
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