1、Designation: A 354 07Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specific
3、ation2covers the chemical and mechanicalrequirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs,and other externally threaded fasteners 4 in. and under indiameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures,where high strength is required and for limited application atelevated temperat
4、ure (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable ofmeeting the minimum mechanical and chemical properties setforth in this specification may be used.NOTE 1For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, to beused at elevated temperatures, refer to Specification A 193/A 193M.1.2 Two levels of bolting
5、strength are covered, designatedGrades BC and BD. Selection will depend upon design and thestresses and service for which the product is to be used.NOTE 2Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steeljoints up through 112 in. in diameter are covered in Specification A 490.Alloy steel b
6、olts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners (that is,heavy hex-structural bolts over 112 in., hex bolts, anchor bolts, andcountersunk bolts) exhibiting similar mechanical properties to boltsconforming to Specification A 490 shall be covered by Grade BD of thisspecification.When bolts of Gra
7、de BD of this specification are considered forpretentioned applications in excess of 50 % of the bolt tensile strength, theadditional requirements of head size, maximum tensile strength, nut sizeand strength, washer hardness, tests, and inspections contained in Speci-fication A 490 should be careful
8、ly considered.1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A 563. Unless other-wise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade offastener shall be as follows:Grade of Fastener and Surface FinishNut Grade andStyleABC, plain (or with a coating of insufficient thick-ness to require over-tapped nuts)
9、C, heavy hexBC, zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness re-quiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hexBD, all finishes DH, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci-fication A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut aresuitable.1.4 The
10、values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for H
11、igh Temperature or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of
12、Steel ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,1This spec
13、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A
14、354 04e1.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-354 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 788/F 7
16、88M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-men
17、ts for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch SeriesB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B 18 Fastener Products3. Ordering I
18、nformation3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and accesso-ries) under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud),3.1.3 Grade (that is, BC or BD),3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, including
19、 nuts),3.1.5 Size and length,3.1.6 WashersSpecify quantity and size (separate frombolts) (4.3),3.1.7 Zinc CoatingWhen zinc-coated Grade BC fastenersare required, specify the zinc-coating process required, forexample hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference (see4.4).3.1.8 Other FinishesSpeci
20、fy other protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,3.1.10 Specify if Certification (Section 14) is required, and3.1.11 Specify additional testing (Section 9) or specialrequirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18
21、.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process.4.2 All fasteners shall be heat-treated. At the option of themanufacturer, heat treatment may be performed on the rawmaterial, during the manufacturing operations, or after final
22、machining. Heat treatment shall consist of quenching in aliquid medium (except Grade BD sizes 112 in. and smaller shallbe quenched in oil) from above the transformation temperatureand then temperating by reheating to a temperature of not lessthan 800F (427C) for Grade BC and for Grade BD.4.3 When us
23、ed, suitable hardened washers shall bequenched and tempered (non-carburized) in accordance withSpecification F 436.4.4 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.4.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example,hot-dip, mechanic
24、ally deposited, or no preference.4.4.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the fasteners shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F 2329.4.4.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition p
25、rocessin accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of Specifica-tion B 695.4.4.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50.
26、 Threadedcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.NOTE 3When the intended application requires that assembled ten-sion exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt proof load, an anti-galli
27、ng lubricantmay be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of thelubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1 ofSpecification A 563 and should be specified when required.4.5 Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the samecontainer unless specifically r
28、equested otherwise by the pur-chaser.NOTE 4Research conducted on bolts of similar material and manu-facture indicates that hydrogen-stress cracking or stress cracking corrosionmay occur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.5. Chemical Composition5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel confo
29、rmingto the chemical composition requirements in accordance withTable 1. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements toqualify it as an alloy steel.NOTE 5Steel is considered to be alloy, by theAmerican Iron and SteelInstitute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyinge
30、lements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminu
31、m, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of fasteners. The chemi-cal
32、 composition thus determined shall conform to the require-ments given in Table 1. Choice of alloy steel composition4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Heat Analy
33、sis, % ProductAnalysis, %Carbon:For sizes through112 in.0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55For sizes larger than112 in.0.35 to 0.53 0.33 to 0.55Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045A354072necessary to ensure meeting the specified mechanical require-ments shall be made by the manufacturer and shal
34、l be reportedto the purchaser for information purposes only.5.3 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall notbe permitted.5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6
35、. Mechanical Properties6.1 Fasteners shall not exceed the maximum hardness speci-fied in Table 2. Fasteners less than three diameters in lengthand studs less than four diameters in length shall have hardnessvalues not less than the minimum nor more than the maximumhardness limits required in Table 2
36、, as hardness is the onlyrequirement.6.2 Fasteners 138 in. in diameter or less for Grade BC and114 in. in diameter or less for Grade BD, other than thoseexcepted in 6.1, shall be tested full size and shall conform tothe tensile strength and either the proof load or the yieldstrength requirements in
37、accordance with Table 3.6.3 Fasteners larger than 138 in. in diameter for Grade BCand fasteners larger than 114 in. in diameter for Grade BD,other than those excepted in 6.1, shall preferably be tested fullsize and when so tested, shall conform to the tensile strengthand either the proof load or yie
38、ld strength requirements inaccordance with Table 3. When equipment of sufficient capac-ity for full-size testing is not available, or when the length ofthe fastener makes full-size testing impractical, machinedspecimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require-ments in accordance with Table
39、4. In the event that fastenersare tested by both full-size and by the machined test specimenmethods, the full-size test shall govern if a controversybetween the two methods exists.6.4 For fasteners on which both hardness and tension testsare performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shallt
40、ake precedence in the event that there is controversy over lowreadings of hardness tests.7. Dimensions7.1 BoltsUnless otherwise specified, the bolts shall beHex Head with dimensions conforming to the latest issue ofASME B18.2.1.7.2 StudsStuds shall have dimensions conforming tothose specified by the
41、 purchaser.7.3 Threads:7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Uni-fied National Coarse Thread Series as specified in B1.1, andshall have Class 2 A tolerances.7.3.2 When specified, threads shall be the Unified NationalFine Thread Series, 8-Pitch Thread Series for sizes over 1 in. or14
42、-Pitch UNS on 1 in. size as specified in ANSI B1.1 and shallhave Class 2A tolerances.7.3.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be usedwith nuts or tapped holes that have been tapped oversize, inaccordance with Specification A 563, shall have Class 2Athreads before hot dip or mechanically
43、deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating, the maximum limit of pitch and majordiameter may exceed the Class 2A limit by the followingamount:Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A14 0.016516 ,38 0.017716 ,12 0.018916 to34 , incl 0.02078 0.0221.0to114 , incl 0.024138 ,112 0.027134 to 4.0, incl 0.050
44、AThese values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts inSpecification A 563.8. Workmanship8.1 Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance withSpecification F 788/F 788M.9. Number of Tests9.1 Testing Responsibility:9.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior
45、 toshipment in accordance with the lot identification controlquality assurance plan in 9.2 through 9.6.9.1.2 When fasteners are furnished by a source other thanthe manufacturer, the responsible party as defined in 12.1 shallbe responsible for ensuring that all tests have been performedand the fasten
46、ers comply with the requirements of this speci-fication.9.2 Purpose of Lot InspectionThe purpose of a lot inspec-tion program is to ensure that each lot conforms to therequirements of this specification. For such a plan to be fullyeffective it is essential that secondary processors, distributors,and
47、 purchasers maintain the identification and integrity of eachlot until the product is installed.9.3 Lot ProcessingAll fasteners shall be processed inaccordance with a lot identification-control quality assuranceplan. The manufacturer, secondary processors, and distributorsshall identify and maintain
48、 the integrity of each lot of fastenersfrom raw-material selection through all processing operationsand treatments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall beassigned its own lot-identification number, each lot shall betested, and the inspection test reports for each lot shall beretained.9.4 Lo
49、t DefinitionA lot is a quantity of a uniquelyidentified fastener product of the same nominal size and lengthproduced consecutively at the initial operation from a singlemill heat of material and heat treatment lot and processed atone time, by the same process, in the same manner so thatstatistical sampling is valid. The identity of the lot is main-tained throughout all subsequent operations and packaging.TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Full-Size FastenersSize, in. GradeHardnessBrinell Rockwell CMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum14 to 212 BC 255 33
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