1、Designation: A 354 07aStandard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specifi
3、cation2covers the chemical and mechanicalrequirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs,and other externally threaded fasteners 4 in. and under indiameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures,where high strength is required and for limited application atelevated tempera
4、ture (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable ofmeeting the minimum mechanical and chemical properties setforth in this specification may be used.NOTE 1For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, to beused at elevated temperatures, refer to Specification A 193/A 193M.1.2 Two levels of bolting
5、 strength are covered, designatedGrades BC and BD. Selection will depend upon design and thestresses and service for which the product is to be used.NOTE 2Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steeljoints up through 112 in. in diameter are covered in Specification A 490.Alloy steel
6、bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners (that is,heavy hex-structural bolts over 112 in., hex bolts, anchor bolts, andcountersunk bolts) exhibiting similar mechanical properties to boltsconforming to Specification A 490 shall be covered by Grade BD of thisspecification.When bolts of Gr
7、ade BD of this specification are considered forpretentioned applications in excess of 50 % of the bolt tensile strength, theadditional requirements of head size, maximum tensile strength, nut sizeand strength, washer hardness, tests, and inspections contained in Speci-fication A 490 should be carefu
8、lly considered.1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A 563. Unless other-wise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade offastener shall be as follows:Grade of Fastener and Surface FinishNut Grade andStyleABC, plain (or with a coating of insufficient thick-ness to require over-tapped nuts
9、)C, heavy hexBC, zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness re-quiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hexBD, all finishes DH, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci-fication A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut aresuitable.1.4 The
10、 values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for
11、High Temperature or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis o
12、f Steel ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,1This sp
13、ecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
14、 A 354 07.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-354 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed Oct
16、29 21:02:49 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 1470 Guide for Fastene
17、r Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standar
18、ds:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch SeriesB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B 18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and accesso-ries) under this specification shall include the fo
19、llowing:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud),3.1.3 Grade (that is, BC or BD),3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, including nuts),3.1.5 Size and length,3.1.6 WashersSpecify quantity and size (separate frombolts) (4.3),3.1.7 Zinc CoatingWhen zi
20、nc-coated Grade BC fastenersare required, specify the zinc-coating process required, forexample hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference (see4.4).3.1.8 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,3.1.10 Specify i
21、f Certification (Section 14) is required, and3.1.11 Specify additional testing (Section 9) or specialrequirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen proces
22、s.4.2 All fasteners shall be heat-treated. At the option of themanufacturer, heat treatment may be performed on the rawmaterial, during the manufacturing operations, or after finalmachining. Heat treatment shall consist of quenching in aliquid medium (except Grade BD sizes 112 in. and smaller shallb
23、e quenched in oil) from above the transformation temperatureand then temperating by reheating to a temperature of not lessthan 800F (427C) for Grade BC and for Grade BD.4.3 When used, suitable hardened washers shall bequenched and tempered (non-carburized) in accordance withSpecification F 436.4.4 Z
24、inc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.4.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example,hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference.4.4.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the fasteners shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip pro
25、cess in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F 2329.4.4.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition processin accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-tion B 695.4.4.4 When no preference is specified, the
26、 supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 55. Threadedcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited
27、 to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.NOTE 3When the intended application requires that assembled ten-sion exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt proof load, an anti-galling lubricantmay be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of thelubricant efficiency are provided in
28、 Supplementary Requirement S1 ofSpecification A 563 and should be specified when required.4.5 Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the samecontainer unless specifically requested otherwise by the pur-chaser.NOTE 4Research conducted on bolts of similar material and manu-facture indicates th
29、at hydrogen-stress cracking or stress cracking corrosionmay occur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.5. Chemical Composition5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel conformingto the chemical composition requirements in accordance withTable 1. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying ele
30、ments toqualify it as an alloy steel.NOTE 5Steel is considered to be alloy, by theAmerican Iron and SteelInstitute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a de
31、finite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any othera
32、lloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of fasteners. The chemi-cal composition thus determined shall conform to the require-ments given in Table 1. Choice of alloy steel composition4Avai
33、lable from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %Carbon:For sizes through112 in.0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55For sizes larger th
34、an112 in.0.35 to 0.53 0.33 to 0.55Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045A 354 07a2Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed Oct 29 21:02:49 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.necessary to ensure meeting
35、 the specified mechanical require-ments shall be made by the manufacturer and shall be reportedto the purchaser for information purposes only.5.3 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall notbe permitted.5.4 Chemical analyses sha
36、ll be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Fasteners shall not exceed the maximum hardness speci-fied in Table 2. Fasteners less than three diameters in lengthand studs less than four diameters in length shall have hardnessvalues not
37、less than the minimum nor more than the maximumhardness limits required in Table 2, as hardness is the onlyrequirement.6.2 Fasteners 138 in. in diameter or less for Grade BC and114 in. in diameter or less for Grade BD, other than thoseexcepted in 6.1, shall be tested full size and shall conform toth
38、e tensile strength and either the proof load or the yieldstrength requirements in accordance with Table 3.6.3 Fasteners larger than 138 in. in diameter for Grade BCand fasteners larger than 114 in. in diameter for Grade BD,other than those excepted in 6.1, shall preferably be tested fullsize and whe
39、n so tested, shall conform to the tensile strengthand either the proof load or yield strength requirements inaccordance with Table 3. When equipment of sufficient capac-ity for full-size testing is not available, or when the length ofthe fastener makes full-size testing impractical, machinedspecimen
40、s shall be tested and shall conform to the require-ments in accordance with Table 4. In the event that fastenersare tested by both full-size and by the machined test specimenmethods, the full-size test shall govern if a controversybetween the two methods exists.6.4 For fasteners on which both hardne
41、ss and tension testsare performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shalltake precedence in the event that there is controversy over lowreadings of hardness tests.7. Dimensions7.1 BoltsUnless otherwise specified, the bolts shall beHex Head with dimensions conforming to the latest issue ofASM
42、E B18.2.1.7.2 StudsStuds shall have dimensions conforming tothose specified by the purchaser.7.3 Threads:7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Uni-fied National Coarse Thread Series as specified in B1.1, andshall have Class 2 A tolerances.7.3.2 When specified, threads shall be the U
43、nified NationalFine Thread Series, 8-Pitch Thread Series for sizes over 1 in. or14-Pitch UNS on 1 in. size as specified in ANSI B1.1 and shallhave Class 2A tolerances.7.3.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be usedwith nuts or tapped holes that have been tapped oversize, inaccordance wi
44、th Specification A 563, shall have Class 2Athreads before hot dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating, the maximum limit of pitch and majordiameter may exceed the Class 2A limit by the followingamount:Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A14 0.016516 ,38 0.017716 ,12 0.018916
45、to34 , incl 0.02078 0.0221.0to114 , incl 0.024138 ,112 0.027134 to 4.0, incl 0.050AThese values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts inSpecification A 563.8. Workmanship8.1 Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance withSpecification F 788/F 788M.9. Number of Tests9
46、.1 Testing Responsibility:9.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior toshipment in accordance with the lot identification controlquality assurance plan in 9.2 through 9.6.9.1.2 When fasteners are furnished by a source other thanthe manufacturer, the responsible party as defined in 12.1
47、 shallbe responsible for ensuring that all tests have been performedand the fasteners comply with the requirements of this speci-fication.9.2 Purpose of Lot InspectionThe purpose of a lot inspec-tion program is to ensure that each lot conforms to therequirements of this specification. For such a pla
48、n to be fullyeffective it is essential that secondary processors, distributors,and purchasers maintain the identification and integrity of eachlot until the product is installed.9.3 Lot ProcessingAll fasteners shall be processed inaccordance with a lot identification-control quality assuranceplan. T
49、he manufacturer, secondary processors, and distributorsshall identify and maintain the integrity of each lot of fastenersfrom raw-material selection through all processing operationsand treatments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall beassigned its own lot-identification number, each lot shall betested, and the inspection test reports for each lot shall beretained.9.4 Lot DefinitionA lot is a quantity of a uniquelyidentified fastener product of the same nominal size and lengthproduced consecutively at the initial operation from a singl
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