ASTM A354-2011 Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts Studs and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners《淬火与回火合金钢螺栓螺柱及其他外螺纹紧固件的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A354 11Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificati

3、on2covers the chemical and mechanicalrequirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs,and other externally threaded fasteners 4 in. and under indiameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures,where high strength is required and for limited application atelevated temperature

4、 (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable ofmeeting the minimum mechanical and chemical properties setforth in this specification may be used.NOTE 1For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, to beused at elevated temperatures, refer to Specification A193/A193M.1.2 Two levels of bolting stren

5、gth are covered, designatedGrades BC and BD. Selection will depend upon design and thestresses and service for which the product is to be used.NOTE 2Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steeljoints up through 112 in. in diameter are covered in Specification A490.Alloy steel bolts,

6、studs, and other externally threaded fasteners (that is,heavy hex-structural bolts over 112 in., hex bolts, anchor bolts, andcountersunk bolts) exhibiting similar mechanical properties to boltsconforming to Specification A490 shall be covered by Grade BD of thisspecification.When bolts of Grade BD o

7、f this specification are considered forpretentioned applications in excess of 50 % of the bolt tensile strength, theadditional requirements of head size, maximum tensile strength, nut sizeand strength, washer hardness, tests, and inspections contained in Speci-fication A490 should be carefully consi

8、dered.1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless other-wise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade offastener shall be as follows:Grade of Fastener and Surface FinishNut Grade andStyleABC, plain (or with a coating of insufficient thick-ness to require over-tapped nuts)C, heavy

9、hexBC, zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness re-quiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hexBD, all finishes DH, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci-fication A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut aresuitable.1.4 The values sta

10、ted in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High

11、 PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsB695 Speci

12、fication for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators,

13、and Rivets1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition

14、 approved in 2007 as A354 07a. DOI:10.1520/A0354-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-354 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual

15、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F788/F788M S

16、pecification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments fo

17、r Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch SeriesB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Informa

18、tion3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and accesso-ries) under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud),3.1.3 Grade (that is, BC or BD),3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, including nuts)

19、,3.1.5 Size and length,3.1.6 WashersSpecify quantity and size (separate frombolts) (4.3),3.1.7 Zinc CoatingWhen zinc-coated Grade BC fastenersare required, specify the zinc-coating process required, forexample hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference (see4.4).3.1.8 Other FinishesSpecify oth

20、er protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,3.1.10 Specify if Certification (Section 14) is required, and3.1.11 Specify additional testing (Section 9) or specialrequirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4.

21、 Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process.4.2 All fasteners shall be heat-treated. At the option of themanufacturer, heat treatment may be performed on the rawmaterial, during the manufacturing operations, or after finalmachin

22、ing. Heat treatment shall consist of quenching in aliquid medium (except Grade BD sizes 112 in. and smaller shallbe quenched in oil) from above the transformation temperatureand then temperating by reheating to a temperature of not lessthan 800F (427C) for Grade BC and for Grade BD.4.3 When used, su

23、itable hardened washers shall bequenched and tempered (non-carburized) in accordance withSpecification F436.4.4 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.4.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example,hot-dip, mechanically de

24、posited, or no preference.4.4.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the fasteners shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F2329.4.4.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition processin

25、 accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-tion B695.4.4.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threadedco

26、mponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.NOTE 3When the intended application requires that assembled ten-sion exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt proof load, an anti-galling lubrican

27、tmay be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of thelubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1 ofSpecification A563 and should be specified when required.4.5 Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the samecontainer unless specifically requested oth

28、erwise by the pur-chaser.NOTE 4Research conducted on bolts of similar material and manu-facture indicates that hydrogen-stress cracking or stress cracking corrosionmay occur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.5. Chemical Composition5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel conformingto the

29、chemical composition requirements in accordance withTable 1. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements toqualify it as an alloy steel.NOTE 5Steel is considered to be alloy, by theAmerican Iron and SteelInstitute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exce

30、eds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium

31、up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of fasteners. The chemi-cal composition

32、 thus determined shall conform to the require-ments given in Table 1. Choice of alloy steel compositionnecessary to ensure meeting the specified mechanical require-ments shall be made by the manufacturer and shall be reportedto the purchaser for information purposes only.5.3 Application of heats of

33、steel to which bismuth, sele-nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall notbe permitted.5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Fasteners shall not exceed the maximum hardness speci-fied in

34、Table 2. Fasteners less than three diameters in length4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A354 112and studs less than four diameters in length shall have hardnessvalues not less

35、than the minimum nor more than the maximumhardness limits required in Table 2, as hardness is the onlyrequirement.6.2 Fasteners 138 in. in diameter or less for Grade BC and114 in. in diameter or less for Grade BD, other than thoseexcepted in 6.1, shall be tested full size and shall conform tothe ten

36、sile strength and either the proof load or the yieldstrength requirements in accordance with Table 3.6.3 Fasteners larger than 138 in. in diameter for Grade BCand fasteners larger than 114 in. in diameter for Grade BD,other than those excepted in 6.1, shall preferably be tested fullsize and when so

37、tested, shall conform to the tensile strengthand either the proof load or yield strength requirements inaccordance with Table 3. When equipment of sufficient capac-ity for full-size testing is not available, or when the length ofthe fastener makes full-size testing impractical, machinedspecimens sha

38、ll be tested and shall conform to the require-ments in accordance with Table 4. In the event that fastenersare tested by both full-size and by the machined test specimenmethods, the full-size test shall govern if a controversybetween the two methods exists.6.4 For fasteners on which both hardness an

39、d tension testsare performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shalltake precedence in the event that there is controversy over lowreadings of hardness tests.7. Dimensions7.1 BoltsUnless otherwise specified, the bolts shall beHex Head with dimensions conforming to the latest issue ofASME B18

40、.2.1.7.2 StudsStuds shall have dimensions conforming tothose specified by the purchaser.7.3 Threads:7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Uni-fied National Coarse Thread Series as specified in B1.1, andshall have Class 2 A tolerances.7.3.2 When specified, threads shall be the Unifie

41、d NationalFine Thread Series, 8-Pitch Thread Series for sizes over 1 in. or14-Pitch UNS on 1 in. size as specified in ANSI B1.1 and shallhave Class 2A tolerances.7.3.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be usedwith nuts or tapped holes that have been tapped oversize, inaccordance with Sp

42、ecification A563, shall have Class 2Athreads before hot dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating, the maximum limit of pitch and majordiameter may exceed the Class 2A limit by the followingamount:Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A14 0.016516 ,38 0.017716 ,12 0.018916 to34 ,

43、 incl 0.02078 0.0221.0to114 , incl 0.024138 ,112 0.027134 to 4.0, incl 0.050AThese values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts inSpecification A563.8. Workmanship8.1 Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance withSpecification F788/F788M.9. Number of Tests9.1 Testin

44、g Responsibility:9.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior toshipment in accordance with the lot identification controlquality assurance plan in 9.2 through 9.6.9.1.2 When fasteners are furnished by a source other thanthe manufacturer, the responsible party as defined in 12.1 shallbe

45、responsible for ensuring that all tests have been performedand the fasteners comply with the requirements of this speci-fication.9.2 Purpose of Lot InspectionThe purpose of a lot inspec-tion program is to ensure that each lot conforms to therequirements of this specification. For such a plan to be f

46、ullyeffective it is essential that secondary processors, distributors,TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAlloy SteelElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %Carbon:For sizes through112 in.0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55For sizes larger than112 in.0.35 to 0.53 0.33 to 0.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, ma

47、x 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying ElementsAAAlloy Steel with Boron AdditionElement HeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through112 in.0.30-0.48 0.28-0.50For sizes larger than112 in.0.35-0.53 0.35-0.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Bor

48、on 0.0005-0.003 0.0005-0.003Alloying ElementsAAASteel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be consideredto be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: Manganese, 1.65 %; silicon,0.60 %; copper, 0

49、.60 % or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantityof any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of therecognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Full-Size FastenersSize, in. GradeHardnessBrinell Rockwell CMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum14 to 212 BC 255 331 26 36Over 212 BC 235 3