1、Designation: A372/A372M 13A372/A372M 15Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A372/A372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressure
3、 vessel use. Three types ofcarbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made fromseamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness an
4、d cooling rate will necessarilyeliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Class 70 Ty
5、pe V Grade 1 Class 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 5
6、5Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGrade M C
7、lass 100 Type IX Class B1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may resu
8、lt in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This
9、specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013May 1, 2015. Published November 2013May 2015. Originally published in 195
10、3. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asA372/A372M 12.A372/A372M 13. DOI: 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-13.10.1520/A0372_A0372M-15.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM
11、 website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indi
12、cation of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be c
13、onsidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA388/A388M Prac
14、tice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant
15、Examination for General IndustryE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for DuctilityE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection2.2 Other Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code43. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information re
16、quired by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with the inquiryand order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging and the areas of significant loading in the forging whenrequired (see 6.4.2.2).3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the
17、requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specificati
18、on are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:4.1.1 The steel melting procedures of Specification A788/A788M shall apply except that for Grade M forgings, only steel thathas b
19、een vacuum treated prior to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen,shall be used.4.2 Production Methods:4.2.1 Methods for the production of gas bottles and similar vessels shall include the cupping of slabs or plates, the piercing ofbillets
20、or plates, and the subsequent drawing of cups so produced. Such semifinished forgings or seamless steel pipe or tubing shallbe closed by spinning, swedging, or pressing. In all cases there shall be sufficient discard to ensure soundness in the completedforging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At the option
21、of the manufacturer, Grades A, B, C, D and Classes 55, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J forgings shallbe normalized, normalized and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Classes 90 and 110 of Grade J forgings shall be liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.3 When normalized
22、 forgings are to be tempered, or when forgings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least 12 h/in. 25 mm of maximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as follows:Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classes 55, 65, 70, 90 1100F 595CGrad
23、e K 1100F 595CGrade L 1000F 540CGrade J Class 110 1000F 540CGrade M 1100F 595C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previously quenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post weld heat treatmenttemperature of a weldment shall not exceed the prior tempering temperature of the pressure vessel. Fab
24、rication welding of pressureshell is not permitted. Attachment welding prior to heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subject to magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be performed after all forming operations
25、.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply withTable 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a productanalysis from a forging repre
26、senting each heat or multiple heat.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A372/A372M 1525.3 Starting material produced to a specification that specifically requires the addition of
27、any element beyond those listed inTable 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation or inclusion controladditions. Supplementary Requirements S1 and S2 of Specification A788/A788M shall apply.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Mechanical tests for acce
28、ptance shall be made after the final heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, the material shall conform to therequirements of Table 2. The yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepe
29、nding upon the outside diameter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or bored forgings, a bendtest or flattening test will be required.6.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters of 14 in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a flattening test is required. This sha
30、ll be carried out in accordance with Specification A530/A530M and Table 3. No breaks orcracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distance between the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.6.3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters over 14 in. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio
31、is 10.0 or less at themanufacturers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1, or a transverse bend test in accordance with Arrangement C of TestMethods E290 is required. The In cases where the E290 method employed stipulates a bend test pin or mandrel, the diameter shallbe as specified in Tabl
32、e 4. No cracks or ruptures in the test piece are allowable when the test piece is bent through the requiredangle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells shall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, from test rings thathave been hea
33、t treated with the forgings they represent, or from a representative forging after heat treatment in accordance with4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells for properties other than bending properties shall be located at aposition corresponding to the mid-wall location of the
34、 parallel side wall of the heat-treated forging and shall be oriented parallelto the longitudinal axis of the vessel.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0
35、.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.170.27Grade EClasses55, 65, 70Grade FClasses55, 65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.3
36、00.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.
37、25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade LGrade MClasses 85and 100Carbon 0.18 max 0.380.43 0.23 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00Molybdenum 0.
38、200.60 0.200.30 0.400.60Vanadium 0.08 maxA372/A372M 1536.4.1.2 Atest ring shall be in the shape of a right circular cylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as the cylindersit represents. In addition, the test ring shall be from the same heat of steel and be subjected to the same heat tr
39、eatment as thecylinders it represents. The method of quenching the test ring must duplicate that of the cylinders; if the cylinders are quenchedfrom the outside only, then the test ring must have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will be liquid quenched must beat least 24 in. 610 mm. Th
40、e ends of such test rings may be vented to prevent pressure buildup during heat treating.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile Strength,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin 2 in.50 mm,min, %Hardness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 515690 45 310 18 1
41、56Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 187Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145 8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 90)120145 8251000 90 620 18 248Grade J(Class
42、 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 15518010701240135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 725895 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 8251000 100 690 16 248A When required by 6.6.TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsAType Distance Between Plates
43、Grade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) andGrade J (Class 90) 0.8 DGrade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Class 100) 0.8 DA D = outside
44、 diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Diameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2T 180Grade B 2T 180Grade C 3T 180Grade D 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70)and Grade J (Class 90) 4T 150Grade J (C
45、lass 110) 6T 150Grade K 4T 150Grade L 6T 150Grade M (Class 85) 4T 150Grade M (Class 100) 4T 150A372/A372M 1546.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similar components may be taken from a full section prolongation of thecover, from a representative forging, or from an integral prolongatio
46、n when the part is contour-machined prior to heat treatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongations or representative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined prior to heat treatment so that highly s
47、tressed surfaces are exposed, the testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) from the nearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area, but not less than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from a second surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mm or 2t.6.5 Number of T
48、ests:6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-treated weight of less than 1000 lb 510 kg when heat treated in a single batchfurnace charge, shall have one tension test taken in accordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. In addition, for hollowor bored forgings, one bend or flatten
49、ing test shall be taken in accordance with 6.3.6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 1000 lb 450 kg each when heat treated in a continuous furnace, shall have one tensiletest taken to represent each heat and not more than 200 forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h duration. In addition, boredor hollow forgings shall have one bend or flattening test taken per heat p
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