ASTM A400-2017 Standard Practice for Steel Bars Selection Guide Composition and Mechanical Properties《钢棒的成分及机械性能选择指南的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: A400 69 (Reapproved 2012)A400 17Standard Practice forSteel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and MechanicalProperties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This

3、practice covers the selection of steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part tobe produced. This is not a specification for the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in Section5.1.2 Several steel compositions intended for vari

4、ous sections and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables 1-6.The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described in Section4) are as follows:1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the mechanical p

5、roperties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching froma suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at 800F (427C)800 F (427 C) or higher.Ahardness indicated by tests madeat a location shown in Fig. 1,A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent me

6、chanicalproperties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering temperatures,and mild agitation of the part in the quenching bath.1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled,

7、 by cold drawing,or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 6.2.1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanicalproperty requirement. Steels with lo

8、wer alloy contents are often satisfactory through the use of special processing techniques.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered s

9、tandard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie

10、rs to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA311/A311M Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon S

11、teel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property RequirementsA322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard GradesA633/A633M Specification for Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties3.

12、Significance and Use3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in 4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in 4.1.2for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the strength level desired can be based on hardness or the equivalent tensile1 This practice is un

13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15on Bars.Current edition approved March 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published April 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in

14、 20062012as A400 69 (2012). (2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0400-69R12.10.1520/A0400-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on

15、the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users

16、consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

17、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States1or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 for material identified asClasses R-1 through R-6, the strength level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.3.2 The user, after determining the m

18、echanical property requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest stress)of the part, should select the composition or compositions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is most suitable forprocessing.4. Classification4.1 Steel bar compositions under this practice ar

19、e classified according to mechanical property requirements and the criticalsection size of the part to be produced, as follows:4.1.1 Classes P-1 through P-7 comprise bars for parts to operate under severe service conditions requiring high yield strength(90 000 (90 000 psi (621 MPa) and over), good d

20、uctility, and relatively high notch toughness. The applicable section sizes,TABLE 1 Steels for Moderately Quenched PartsClasses P-1 Through P-7(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)NOTE 1Steels listed as approved for a certain section or strength may be used for lighter se

21、ctions and lower strengths.NOTE 2Steel composition numbers correspond to SAE, AISI, SAE or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard gradesdue to decreased usage.NOTE 3An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISISAE steel is capable of meeting the sam

22、e section and strengthrequirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.NOTE 4Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended forapplications involving welding.D

23、esired MinimumHardnessEquivalentTensileStrength, psiAEquivalentYieldStrength, psiAMinimumBAs-QuenchedHardnessClassP-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7Diameter of Round (or Distance Between Faces of Squareor Hexagonal) Sections, in.CTo 12, incl Over 12 to 1,inclOver 1 to112, inclOver 112to 2, inclOver 2 to212

24、, inclOver 212to 3, inclOver 3to 312,inclThickness of Flat Sections, in.CHB HRC HB HRCTo 0.3, incl Over 0.3 to0.6, inclOver 0.6to 1,inclOver 1to 1.3,inclOver 1.3to 1.6,inclOver 1.6to 2.0,inclOver 2.0to 2.3,incl229 to 293,incl20 to 33,incl110 000 to145 000,incl90 000 to125 000,incl388 42 1330229 to 2

25、93,incl20 to 33,incl110 000 to145 000,incl90 000 to125 000,incl388 42 13304130 50B304130 50B3051328630Over 293to 341,inclOver 33to 38,inclOver 145 000to 170 000,inclOver 125 000to 150 000,incl409 44 1335 94B30 3140 4137 4142 9840 4337Over 293to 341,inclOver 33to 38,inclOver 145000to 170 000,inclOver

26、 125000to 150000,incl409 44 1335 94B30 3140 41373135 41354042 46405135 86408740Over 341to 388,inclOver 38to 42,inclOver 170 000to 190 000,inclOver 150 000to 170 000,incl455 48 1340 4137 4140 4145 4147 4340Over 341to 388,inclOver 38to 42,inclOver 170000to 190 000,inclOver 150000to170 000,incl455 48 1

27、340 4137 41403140 6145 TS41404047 864286B454135 8645 94B405140 87428637TS14B5050B40Over 388 to429, inclOver 42to 45,inclOver 190 000to 205 000,inclOver170 000to 185 000,incl496 51 1345 8645 5147 4142 8660 4147 4150 E4340Over 388 to429, inclOver 42to 45,inclOver 190000to 205000, inclOver 170000to 185

28、000, incl496 51 1345 8645 5147 4142 86604063 8740 5155 4145 98404068 8742 5160 43374140 9260 6150 86504640 9261 9262 86555145 TS4140 50B605150 50B46 94B40 51B608640 50B44 81B458642 50B50A 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.B Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800F (427C

29、)800 F (427 C) or higher.C 1 in. = 25.4 mm.A400 172identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, are shown in Table 7. The steel compositions suitable for Classes P-1 through P-7 and forvarious desired mechanical properties are listed in Tables 1 and 2.4.1.2 Classes Q-1 through Q-7 comprise bars for parts

30、operating under moderate service conditions requiring moderate to highyield strength (75 000 to 185 000 (75 000 to 185 000 psi (517 to 1276 MPa), corresponding tensile-strength levels, and goodductility. The applicable section sizes, identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, are shown in Table 7. The s

31、teel compositions suitablefor Classes Q-1 through Q-7 and various desired mechanical properties are listed in Tables 3 and 4.4.1.3 Classes R-1 through R-6 comprise bars for parts requiring a lower yield strength (30 000 to 120 000 (30 000 to 120 000psi (207 to 827 MPa), with fair to good ductility.

32、The applicable section sizes, identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, are shownin Table 7. The steel compositions capable of developing the various desired mechanical properties are listed in Tables 5 and 6.5. Applicable Procurement Specifications5.1 For procurement of steel, it is recommended that t

33、he following ASTM specifications of latest issue be used: SpecificationA108, Specification A304, Specification A311/A311M, Specification A322, Specification A633/A633M, and SpecificationA675/A675M.6. Location at Which Desired Properties Are Obtained6.1 Classes P-1 Through P-7 and Q-1 Through Q-7The

34、mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 are based on obtaininghardness test specimens from the locations shown in Fig. 1,A, B, and C. For bars, the location should be at least twice the diameteror minimum distance between faces from an end; and for flat sections, at least twice the thickness from

35、an edge.TABLE 2 Steels for Drastically Quenched PartsClasses P-1 Through P-7(Applicable to water-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal See Note 5)NOTE 1Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strength

36、s.NOTE 2Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, SAE or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard gradesdue to decreased usage.NOTE 3An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISISAE steel is capable of meeting the same section and strengthreq

37、uirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.NOTE 4Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended forapplications involving welding.NOTE 5Parts made of steel

38、with a carbon content of 0.33 % or higher, where the section is under 112 1/2 in. (38.1 mm) should not be quenched inwater without careful exploration for quench-cracking.Desired MinimumHardnessEquivalentTensileStrength, psiAEquivalentYieldStrength, psiAMinimumBAs-QuenchedHardnessClassP-1 P-2 P-3 P-

39、4 P-5 P-6 P-7Diameter of Round (or Distance Between Faces of Squareor Hexagonal) Sections, in.CTo 12, incl Over12 to1, inclOver 1 to112, inclOver112 to2, inclOver 2to 212,inclOver 212to 3, inclOver 3to 312,inclTo 12, incl Over12 to1, inclOver 1 to112, inclOver112 to2, inclOver 2to 212,inclOver 212to

40、 3, inclOver 3to 312,inclThickness of Flat Sections, in.CHB HRC HB HRC To 0.3, incl Over 0.3to 0.6,inclOver 0.6to 1.0,inclOver1.0to 1.3,inclOver 1.3to 1.6,inclOver 1.6to 2.0,inclOver 2.0to 2.3,incl229 to 293,incl20 to 33,incl110 000 to145 000,incl90 000 to125 000,incl388 42 8625 4130 94B30229 to 293

41、,incl20 to33,incl110 000 to145 000,incl90 000to125000,incl388 42 8625 4130 94B308627 5130863050B30Over 293to 341,inclOver 33to 38,inclOver 145 000to 170 000,inclOver 125 000to 150 000,incl409 44 4032 1330 1335 1340D 3140 4137Over 293to 341,inclOver 33to 38,inclOver 145000to 170000,inclOver125 000to1

42、50000,incl409 44 4032 1330 13354037 5132 51353135D 4135 43374130 94B30 5140464098405130 50B408637D86308640TS14B358740508B30A 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.B Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800F (427C)800 F (427 C) or higher.C 1 in. = 25.4 mm.D These steels have

43、insufficient hardenability for Class P-4, because of difference in test locations, but are satisfactory for other smaller sizes.A400 1736.2 Classes R-1 Through R-6The mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 are based on obtaining tension test specimensfrom the following locations:6.2.1 Center

44、of bars or plates under 112 in. (38.1 mm) in diameter or in distance between parallel surfaces, and6.2.2 Mid-radius or a quarter of the distance between parallel faces from the surface for larger sections.TABLE 3 Steels for Moderately Quenched PartsClasses Q-1 Through Q-7(Applicable to oil-quenching

45、 or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)NOTE 1Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.NOTE 2Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, SAE or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer

46、considered standard gradesdue to decreased usage.NOTE 3An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISISAE steel is capable of meeting the same section and strengthrequirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.NOTE 4Steels

47、having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended forapplications involving welding.Desired MinimumHardnessEquivalentTensileStrength,psiAEquivalentYieldStrength,psiAMinimumBAs-QuenchedHardnessClassQ-1 Q-2 Q-3 Q-4 Q-5 Q-6 Q-7Di

48、ameter of Round (or Distance Between Faces of Squareor Hexagonal) Sections, in.CTo 12 incl Over 12to 1,inclOver 1to 112inclOver112to 2,inclOver 2to 212inclOver 212to 3,inclOver 3to 312inclThickness of Flat Sections, in.CHB HRC HB HRCTo 0.3, incl Over 0.3 to 0.6,inclOver 0.6to 1.0,inclOver 1.0to 1.3,

49、inclOver 1.3to 1.6,inclOver 1.6to 2.0,inclOver 2.0to 2.3,incl187 to 293, 91 (Rb) 95 000 to 75 000 to 388 42 1330 8630 8637 3140 4140 4142incl to 33, 145 000, 125 000, 4130 50B30 8740 TS4140incl to 33, 145 000, 125 000, 4130 50B30 8740 TS4140incl incl incl 5132 94B40incl incl incl 5132 94B40Over 293 Over 33 Over Over 409 44 1335 3140 8740 4137 TS4140 81B45 4142 4145 4147to 341, to 38, 145 000 125 000 4042 50B30 4135 4140 4337to 341, to 38, 145 000 125 000 4042 50B30 4135 4140 4337incl incl to to 5135 4640 8642 9840in