ASTM A413 A413M-2007 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain《碳素钢链的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 413/A 413M 07Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 413/A 413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for suchapplications as

3、 railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, loadbinding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.NOTE 1This specification does not cover carbon steel chain forsprocket applications.1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:1.2.1 Grade 30Proof coil chain.1.2.2 Grade 43High test

4、chain.1.2.3 Grade 70Transport chain.1.3 The Grade designation is110 of the minimum breakingstrength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or inother units shall be regarded separatel

5、y as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requ

6、irements forA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, nminimum force inpoun

7、ds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test is a manufacturers attributeacceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.3.1.2 lot, nfor the purpose of

8、acceptance testing, a lotshall consist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of thesame grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chainexceeds 3000 ft 1000 m, it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.3 proof test, nquality control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verifying weld a

9、nd material quality.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIt is the minimum force in pounds ornewtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left theproducer, under a test in which a constantly increasing forcehas been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.Proof test loads are a manufacturing in

10、tegrity test and shall notbe used as criteria for service or design purposes.3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), nmaximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the respo

11、nsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A 413 or A 413Mand date of issue,4.1.2 Grade of chain,4.1.3 Nominal siz

12、e of chain (in. or mm),4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.6 Finish, if required,4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.5. Material Requirements5.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection of the steel is l

13、eft to thejudgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided thesteel meets the following criteria:Carbon, max, % 0.370Phosphorus, max, % 0.0481This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subco

14、mmitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 413/A 413M 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

15、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.S

16、ulfur, max, % 0.0585.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A 29/A 29M. Test samples may be taken from rods,bars, or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall

17、 be so takenas to represent the full cross section of the specimen.5.3 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751 shallbe used for referee purposes.6. Manufacture6.1 Welding ProcessCarbon steel chain may be made bythe forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process.6.2 Heat TreatmentGrad

18、es 30 and 43 do not require heattreatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturersdiscretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heattreatment shall include quenching and tempering as describedin Terminology A 941.7. Dimensional Requirements7.1 The chain shall conform to the dimens

19、ional require-ments specified in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain.7.2 DiameterThe diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance:7 %. Oversized material may be used for

20、all applications.8. Finish8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orfinish of their own choice for identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise. The surfacetreatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner thatwould cause the chain to not meet the

21、other provisions of thisstandard.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain. When so tested it shall withstand these loads withoutloss of chain integrity. Links or chain segments that do

22、 notwithstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain.9.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 4. All chain that is heat treated shall be in thequenched and tempered condition before the break

23、ing force ismeasured.9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Links engagedin the testing fixture shall not be

24、considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.9.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimumbreaking force values given in Tables 1-3 for the appropriategrade

25、 and size chain.9.3 Elongation:9.3.1 All chain which is heat treated (see 6.2) must be in thequenched and tempered condition before the elongation ismeasured.9.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 4.9.3.3 A positive l

26、oad not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage length(L0).9.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength (DL) divided by the original gage length (L0). Theelongation may be de

27、termined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $DL/L$0% % 3 100where:DL = test specimen final length at fracture test speci-men original gage length (L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths ofthe test chain links, not counting the fixture

28、links, oras determined in 9.3.3).9.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 15 %.TABLE 1 Grade 30 Proof Coil ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm18 4.0 0.156 4.0

29、 400 180 800 3.6 1600 7.2 0.94 23.9 0.25 6.4316 5.5 0.217 5.5 800 365 1600 7.2 3200 14.4 0.98 24.8 0.30 7.714 7.0 0.276 7.0 1300 580 2600 11.6 5200 23.2 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.0 0.331 8.4 1900 860 3800 16.9 7600 33.8 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.394 10.0 2650 1200 5300 23.6 10 600 47.2 1.38 35.0 0.

30、55 14.0716 11.9 0.488 11.9 3700 1680 7400 32.9 14 800 65.8 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.512 13.0 4500 2030 9000 40.0 18 000 80.0 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 6900 3130 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 10 600 4800 21 200 94.3 42 400 188.6 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 2

31、2.0 0.866 22.0 12 800 5810 25 600 114.1 51 200 228.2 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.51 26.0 1.02 26.0 17 900 8140 35 800 159.1 71 600 318.2 3.58 90.9 1.25 31.7AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).A 413/A 413M 0729.4 One test

32、 for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.10. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to therequirements in 9.2.2, two additional test specimens from thesame

33、lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements of 9.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to comply to the requirements as todimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted after

34、being reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to ve

35、rify that the material isbeing furnished in accordance with this specification. Inspec-tion by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with themanufacturers operations. All tests and inspection shall bemade at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreedupon.12.3 The purchaser may make

36、the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the material at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purchase order or contract. Tests at the purchaserslaboratory or elsewhere sh

37、all be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of any test,

38、the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of any testin 12.3, the manufacture may make claim for a rehearing.14. Certification and Reports14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain conformsto Specification A 413/A 413M of the d

39、ate of issue specifiedshall be furnished when requested on the purchase order orcontract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Product Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked

40、 with indentedcharacters.15.2 The516 in. 8.7 mm and38 in. 10 mm Grade 43 and70 chain shall be embossed at intervals no greater than 1 ft 0.3m. All other Grade 43 and 70 chains shall be embossed atintervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.TABLE 2 Grade 43 High Test ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWo

41、rking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.276 7.0 2600 1180 3900 17.3 7800 34.6 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 3900 1770 5850 26.0 11 700 52.0 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 5400 2450 81

42、00 36.0 16 200 72.0 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 7200 3270 10 800 48.0 21 600 96.0 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 9200 4170 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 13 000 5910 19 500 86.5 39 000 173.0 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 20 200 9180 30 300 13

43、4.7 60 600 269.4 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 22.0 0.866 22.0 24 500 11 140 36 750 163.3 73 500 326.6 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.5AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).TABLE 3 Grade 70 Transport ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDia

44、meterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.281 7.0 3150 1430 6300 28.0 12 600 56.0 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 4700 2130 9400 41.8 18 800 83.6 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 660

45、0 2990 13 200 58.7 26 400 117.4 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 8750 3970 17 500 77.7 35 000 155.4 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 11 300 5130 22 600 100.4 45 200 200.8 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 15 800 7170 31 600 140.4 63 200 280.8 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 24 7

46、00 11 200 49 400 219.6 98 800 439.2 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.0AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).TABLE 4 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of Chain Minimum Number of Links inTest Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9

47、Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm but less than34 in.20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A 413/A 413M 07315.3 Grade 30 chain, sized516 in. (8.4 mm) and larger, shallbe marked with the manufacturers mark or symbol and shallinclude 3, 30, or 300.15.4 Grade 43 chain shall be marked with the manufactur-ers mark

48、or symbol and shall include 4, 43, or 430.15.5 Grade 70 chain shall be marked with the manufactur-ers mark or symbol and shall include 7, 70, or 700.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issu

49、e(A 413/A 413M 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2007.)(1) Added 1.3.(2) Revised Section 2.(3) Added new referenced standards to 5.3 and 6.2.(4) Revised Section 8.(5) Revised 15.3-15.5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen