1、Designation: A414/A414M 10Standard Specification forSteel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy forPressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A414/A414M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers hot-rolled carbon steel sheetfor pressure vessels involving fusion welding
3、or brazing.Welding and brazing technique is of fundamental importanceand shall be in accordance with commercial practices.1.2 The following grades are included in this specification:Mechanical RequirementsGrade Yield Strength, min Tensile Strength, minksi MPa ksi MPaABCDEFGH2530333538424545170205230
4、24026029031031045505560657075753103453804154504855155151.3 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is generally furnished incut lengths and to decimal thickness only. Coils may befurnished, provided tension test specimens are taken to repre-sent the middle of the slab as required by 6.1.3. The purchasershould
5、 recognize this may require cutting the coils to obtaintest samples and results in half-size coils. The sheet isfurnished to the following size limits:Width, in. mmThickness, in. mm Over 12 Over 3000.270 to 0.230 7.0 to 6.0 sheet (coils only)Under 0.230 to 0.057 6.0 to 1.5 sheet1.4 The values stated
6、 in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may re
7、sult in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.1.5 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifi-cations A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate Gen-eral Requirements specification is applied based on the thick-ness and width of the product ordered.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
8、:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Struc-tural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled andCold-Rolled, General Requirements forA635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-R
9、olled, Alloy, Carbon, Struc-tural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General RequirementsforA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other terms used in thisspe
10、cification refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lot, nall coils of one thickness and width combina-tion from one heat and one rolling on the hot mill, up to 100tons 90 tonnes total mass.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specificat
11、ion shall includethe following information, as required, to describe the materialadequately:4.1.1 Designation or specification number, date of issue, andgrade,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibil
12、ity of SubcommitteeA01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A414/A414M 09.DOI: 10.1520/A0414_A0414M-10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi
13、-cation SA-414 in Section 11 of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Chan
14、ges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1.1 Grade H may be substituted for Grade G uponagreement between the purchaser and producer,4.1.2 Copper bearing steel, when required,
15、4.1.3 Special requirements, if required,4.1.3.1 Charpy impact properties may be specified forGrade H at the time of order,4.1.3.2 Strength levels at other than room temperature maybe specified for Grade H at the time of order,4.1.4 Conditionpickled (or blast cleaned), if required(material so ordered
16、 will be oiled unless ordered dry), and4.1.5 Dimensions, including type of edges.4.1.5.1 When the purchaser requires thickness tolerances for38 in. 10 mm minimum edge distance (see SupplementaryRequirement in Specifications A568/A568M or A635/A635M,as applicable), this requirement shall be specified
17、 in thepurchase order or contract.NOTE 1Not all producers are capable of meeting all of the limitationsof the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A568/A568M or Speci-fication A635/A635M. The purchaser should contact the producer regard-ing possible limitations prior to placing an order.4.1.6
18、 Cast or heat analysis, or test report request, or both, ifrequired.NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: “ASTM A414,Grade A, Hot-Rolled Sheet, 0.100 in. 2.54 mm by 36 in. 914.4 mm by96 in. 2438 mm, cut edges.”5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Cast or Heat AnalysisThe analysis of the steel s
19、hallconform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.5.1.1 Each of the elements listed in Table 2 shall be includedin the report of the heat analysis. When the amount of anelement present is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may bereported as “0.02 %.”5.2 Product, Check, or Verification AnalysisAnalys
20、esmay be made by the purchaser from finished material repre-senting each heat.5.3 DeoxidationFor all grades, killed steel is required.See Table 1 and footnote B.6. Mechanical Property Requirements6.1 Tensile Strength:6.1.1 RequirementsMaterial as represented by the testspecimen shall conform to the
21、tensile requirements specified inTable 3. One coil per lot shall have test specimens taken fromlocations representing the front end, middle, and back end ofthe coil. If all tensile results conform to the requirements, othercoils of that lot may be tested only at the middle position.6.1.2 Location an
22、d Orientation (see Fig. 1):6.1.2.1 Tensile test samples shall be taken from the fullthickness of the sheet as rolled.6.1.2.2 Tensile test specimens shall be taken from a locationapproximately halfway between the center of the sheet and theedge of the material as-rolled.6.1.2.3 Tensile test specimens
23、 shall be taken with the axis ofthe test specimen perpendicular to the rolling direction (trans-verse test).TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements% Heat Analysis, Element Maximum Unless Otherwise ShownGrade C MnAPS AlBSiBCuC, DNiDCrD, EMoD, EVFCbFTiGNBA 0.15 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12
24、 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .B 0.22 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .C 0.25 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .D 0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .E 0.27 1.20 0.035
25、 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .F 0.31 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .G 0.31 1.35 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .HA, H0.14 1.25 0.020 0.015 0.020.08 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0
26、.05min0.005/0.050.005min0.009 . . .AFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum wll be permitted up to a maximumof 1.50 %.BThe steel shall be considered aluminum-silicon killed when the silicon is between 0.15 % and 0.3
27、0 %, otherwise it shall be considered aluminum killed.CWhen copper is specified, a minimum of 0.20 % is required. When copper is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.DThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of
28、 these elements are specified, the sum doesnot apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.EThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does not apply, in
29、whichcase, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.FBy agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or colubium or both, may be increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 % respectively.GTitanium is permitted for Grades A through G, at the producers option, to the lesser
30、 of 3.4N + 1.5S or 0.025 %.HGrade H contains the strengthening elements columbium (niobium), vanadium, titanium and molybdenum added singly or in combination. The minimum requirementsonly apply to the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.TABLE 2 Limits on Unspecified Elements
31、(See 5.1.1)Copper, max %AHeat analysis 0.40Product analysis 0.43Nickel, max %AHeat analysis 0.40Product analysis 0.43Chromium, max %A,BHeat analysis 0.30Product analysis 0.34Molybdenum, max %A,BHeat analysis 0.12Product analysis 0.13Vanadium, max %CHeat analysis 0.03Product analysis 0.04Columbium, m
32、ax %CHeat analysis 0.02Product analysis 0.03AThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, thesum does not apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remainingunspecified elements will apply
33、.BThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heatanalysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does notapply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecifiedelements will apply.CBy agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or col
34、umbium, or both,may be increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 %, respectively.A414/A414M 1026.1.3 Test MethodYield strength shall be determined byeither the 0.2 % offset method or by the 0.5 % extension underload method, unless otherwise specified per Test MethodA370.6.2 Impact Properties:6.2.1 Requirement
35、sAt the time of order, Charpy impactproperties may be specified by the purchaser for Grade H only.6.2.1.1 Impact energy minimums and testing temperaturesshall be agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.6.2.2 Number of TestsThree samples taken in the trans-verse direction shall be taken at
36、 mid-length (middle) of eachcoil to be certified.6.2.3 Testing shall be in accordance with Test MethodA370.7. General Requirements for Delivery7.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A568/A568M or Specificat
37、ion A635/A635M un-less otherwise provided herein.8. Workmanship8.1 The material shall be free from injurious defects (seeSpecifications A568/A568M or A635/A635M, as appropriatedue to thickness).9. Finish and Appearance9.1 Surface Finish:9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be fur-nis
38、hed without removing the hot-rolled oxide or scale.9.1.2 When required, the material may be specified to bepickled or blast cleaned.9.2 Oiling:9.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be fur-nished not oiled.9.2.2 When specified to be pickled or blast cleaned, thematerial shall be furnis
39、hed oiled. When required, pickled orblast-cleaned material may be specified to be furnished dry.9.3 EdgesUnless otherwise specified, mill edges shall befurnished on material that has not had the hot-rolled oxide orscale removed and cut edges shall be furnished on material thathas had the hot-rolled
40、oxide or scale removed.10. Certification and Reports10.1 The manufacturer or processor shall furnish copies of atest report showing the results of the heat analysis andmechanical property tests made to determine compliance withthis specification.10.2 The report shall include the purchase order numbe
41、r, thespecification number and year date, product designation, grade,the heat number, and heat analysis and mechanical propertiesas indicated by the tension test.10.2.1 All the mechanical properties from the coil used toqualify the lot and the middle test from the particular coil shallbe reported al
42、ong with the coil identification for that coil. If thesource of the material is the coil used to qualify the lot, themiddle test shall be reported as the second middle test on thereport. The test report shall contain the results of four tensiletests and all must meet the requirements tensile require
43、mentstable.10.3 A signature is not required on the test report. However,the document shall clearly identify the organization submittingthe report. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, theorganization submitting the report is responsible for the contentof the report.10.4 A Material Test Report
44、, Certificate of Inspection, orsimilar document printed from or used in electronic form fromTABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsDesignation Yield StrengthATensile Strength Elongation in 2 in.50 mm min. % for ThicknessElongationin 8 in. 200mm,min. %Minimum Maximum Under 0.270 in.7.0 mmto 0.145 in.3.8 mmUnder
45、 0.145 in.3.8 mmto 0.089 in.2.2 mmUnder 0.089 in.2.2 mmto 0.057 in.1.5 mmksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa - - - -Grade A 25 170 45 310 60 415 26 24 23 20Grade B 30 205 50 345 65 450 24 22 21 18Grade C 33 230 55 380 70 485 22 20 19 16Grade D 35 240 60 415 75 515 20 18 17 14Grade E 38 260 65 450 85 585 18 16 1
46、5 12Grade F 42 290 70 485 90 620 16 14 13 10Grade G 45 310 75 515 95 655 16 14 13 10Grade H 45 310 75 515 90 620 25 24 23 20AYield strength determined by the 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load methods.FIG. 1 Location of Test SpecimensA414/A414M 103an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmi
47、ssion shall beregarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed inthe certifiers facility. The content of the EDI transmitteddocument must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTMstandard and the purchaser and supplier. Notwithstanding theabsence of a signature, the organization submitt
48、ing the EDItransmission is responsible for the content of the report.11. Product Marking11.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, heat and slabnumber, specification designation number, and grade shall belegibly and durably marked on each cut length sheet in twoplaces not less than 12 in. 300 mm fr
49、om the edges. Cut lengthsheets, the maximum lengthwise and crosswise, dimensions ofwhich do not exceed 72 in. 1800 mm, shall be legibly anddurably marked in one place approximately midway betweenthe center and a side edge. The manufacturers test identifica-tion number shall be legibly and durably marked on each testspecimen. Steel-die marking of sheets is prohibited on material 0.250 in. 6 mm.11.2 For coil product, the information required in 11.1 shallbe legibly
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