ASTM A453 A453M-2008 Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting Materials with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels.pdf

1、Designation: A 453/A 453M 08Standard Specification forHigh-Temperature Bolting Materials, with ExpansionCoefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 453/A 453M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof origin

2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defe

3、nse.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers four grades of bolting mate-rials with ten classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120ksi 345 to 827 MPa for use in high-temperature service suchas fasteners for pressure vessel and valve flanges. The materialrequires special processing and is not inte

4、nded for generalpurpose applications. The term “bolting material,” as used inthis specification, covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars;bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Headed boltsand rolled threads may be supplied.NOTE 1Other bolting materials are covered by Specification

5、A 193/A 193M and Specification A 437/A 437M.1.2 Supplementary Requirement S 1 of an optional nature isprovided. This shall apply only when specified by the pur-chaser in the order.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theappl

6、icable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system maynot be exact

7、equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in nonconformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for High Temperat

8、ure or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA 437/A 437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-TypeBolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature ServiceA 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intendedf

9、or Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeE 139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance Inspection3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Spec

10、ific to This Standard:3.1.1 bolting materialthis covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars; bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and studbolts; and also includes those manufactured by upset headingor roll threading techniques.3.1.2 heat-treatment chargeone heat of material heattreated in one batch

11、. If a continuous operation is used, theweight processed as a heat-treatment charge shall not exceedthe weights in Table 1.3.1.3 lota lot shall consist of the quantities shown inTable2.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of p

12、ieces),4.1.2 Description of material (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),4.1.3 Grade and class (see Table 3),4.1.4 Method of finishing (see 6.1),4.1.5 Type of thread desired (see 6.1.1),4.1.6 Alternative test method option (see 7.2.4.3),4.1.7 Bolt shape option, if any,4.1.8 Thread option, if any,4.1.9 Test me

13、thod for surface quality, if any,4.1.10 Test location option, if any,4.1.11 Rejection option, if any, and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrough

14、t Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 453/A 453M 04.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applicatio

15、ns see related Specifi-cation SA-453 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi

16、te.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.12 If stress-rupture testing is not required, except forGrade 660 Class D (see 7.2.1).5. Common Requirements5.1

17、Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements

18、ofSpecification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A 962/A 962M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Finishing Process:6.1.1 Threads may be performed by machin

19、ing or rolling.For Type 1 bolting, threading shall be performed after precipi-tation heat treatment. Types M1 and M2 bolting shall havemachine cut threads. For Types 2 R1 and R2, bolting shall haverolled threads. Types R1 and M1 bolting, threading shall beperformed after precipitation heat treatment

20、. Types R2 and M2bolting shall be threaded after solution heat treatment but priorto precipitation heat treatment. When not specified by thepurchaser, the type supplied shall be the option of the manu-facturer.6.2 Heat TreatmentEach grade and class shall be heattreated as prescribed in Table 4.7. Me

21、chanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material in each heat-treatmentcharge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile require-ments in Table 5.7.1.2 Number of Specimens:7.1.2.1 Heat-Treated BarsWhen not more than two sizesof bars are heat treated in the same load, one tension

22、 test shallbe made from each size in each heat of material in theheat-treatment charge (see 3.1.2). When more than two sizes ofbars are treated in the same charge, one tension test shall bemade from one bar of each of the two largest diameters fromeach heat of material in the heat-treating charge.7.

23、1.2.2 Finished PartsOne tension test shall be made ifthe lot consists of parts of the same nominal diameter. If the lotconsists of parts of more than one nominal diameter, onetension test shall be made from each nominal diameter of eachheat involved in the lot (see Section 3).7.1.2.3 The diameter ra

24、nge shall be in increments of12 in.12.5 mm.7.2 Stress-Rupture Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to thestress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6 for designtemperatures above 800 F 427 C. Material not stress-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped NR. Grade 660Class D does

25、not require stress-rupture and shall be stampedNR.7.2.2 The number of specimens shall be the same as therequired number of tension test specimens.7.2.3 The test location and orientation shall be the same asthat required for the tension test specimens.7.2.4 Test Method:7.2.4.1 The rupture test shall

26、be performed in accordancewith Practice E 139.7.2.4.2 A combination smooth and notched test specimen,machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 1 and Table 7,shall be tested in accordance with the stress-rupture require-ments prescribed in Table 6. The test shall be continued torupture. The ruptu

27、re shall occur in the smooth section of thebar.7.2.4.3 As an alternative procedure and, when specificallyapproved by the purchaser, separate smooth and notched testspecimens, machined from adjacent sections of the same piece,with gage sections conforming to the respective dimensions ofTable 7, may b

28、e tested under the above conditions. The notchedspecimen need not be tested to rupture but shall not rupture inless time than the companion smooth specimen.7.2.4.4 When the minimum specified time to rupture inTable 6 has been achieved, incremental loading may be used toaccelerate the time to rupture

29、. At intervals of 8 to 16 h,preferably 8 to 10 h, the stress shall be increased in incrementsof 5000 psi 34.5 MPa. Rupture location, and elongationrequirements shall be as prescribed in Table 6, 7.2.4.2, and7.2.4.3.7.3 Hardness Test:7.3.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to theroom temperature

30、 hardness requirements prescribed in Table 5.For Grade 660 Class D, in the case of conflict, tensile testresults shall prevail over minimum hardness.7.3.2 Number of Tests:7.3.2.1 Bars 2 in. 50 mm and OverOne test on eachmill-treated length.7.3.2.2 Bars under 2 in. 50 mmOne test on at least 10 %of th

31、e mill treated lengths.7.3.2.3 FastenersOne test each on two fasteners or on asample per Guide F 1470, Table 3, sample size B for each heatlot, whichever is the larger sample.7.3.3 Test LocationsThe hardness test shall be made at thecenter of the cross section for bars up to 1 in. 25 mm indiameter,

32、and at the midradius on bars 1 in. 25 mm and largerin diameter.TABLE 1 Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge SizesDiameter, in. mm Weight, lb kgTo 134 44 3000 1400Over 134 44 to 212 63 6000 2700Over 212 63 12000 5400TABLE 2 Lot SizesDiameter, in. mm Maximum Lot Size, lb kg112 38 and under 200 90Over 112

33、38 to 134 44, incl 300 140Over 134 44 to 212 63, incl 600 270Over 212 63 20 piecesA 453/A 453M 082TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsGrade 660 Grade 651UNS Number S66286 S63198Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 ov

34、er 0.280.35 0.02Manganese 2.00 max 0.04 0.751.50 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 0.300.80 0.05Nickel 24.027.0 0.20 8.011.0 0.15Chromium 13.516.0 0.20 18.021.0 0.25Molybdenum 1.001.50 0.05 1.001.75 0.05Tungs

35、ten . . 1.001.75 0.05Titanium 1.902.35 0.05 0.100.35 0.05 overColumbiumA. . 0.250.60 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over . .Vanadium 0.100.50 0.03 . .Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to . .0.001 overCopper . . 0.50 max 0.03 overGrade 662 Grade 665UNS Number S66220 S66545Content, %Product Analysis, Variatio

36、nOver or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 0.401.00 0.03 1.252.00 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 0.401.00 0.05 0.100.80 0.05Nickel 24.028

37、.0 0.20 24.028.0 0.20Chromium 12.015.0 0.15 12.015.0 0.15Molybdenum 2.03.5 0.10 1.252.25 0.10Titanium 1.802.10 0.05 2.703.3 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over 0.25 max 0.05 overCopper 0.50 max 0.03 over 0.25 max 0.03 overBoron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to 0.010.07 0.0050.001 overAOr columbium plus tantal

38、um.TABLE 4 Heat Treatment RequirementsAGrade Class Solution Treatment Hardening Treatment660 A 16506 25 F 900 6 14 C, hold 2 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 1 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolC 1800 6

39、 25 F 980 6 14C,hold1hmin,andoilquench 1425 6 25 F 775 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool, followed by1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air coolD 1650 6 25 F 900 6 14C,hold2hmin,andliquidquench or1800 6 25 F 980 6 14C,hold1hmin,andliquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolIf necessary to achiev

40、e properties, second age:1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool651 A hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction in cross-sectionalarea, stress-relief anneal at 1200 F 650 C min or 4 h, minB hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction of cross-sectionalarea, stres

41、s-relief anneal at 1350 F 730 C min for 4 h, min662 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air coolB 1950 6 25 F 1065 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace coo

42、l to 1200 6 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air cool665 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air coolB 2000 6 25 F 1095 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool

43、 to 1200 6 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air coolATimes refer to the minimum time material is required to be at temperature.A 453/A 453M 0838. Product Marking8.1 Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Studs, and Steel BoltsIn additionto the grade and class shown in Table 4, the type designation(see 6.1.1) shall also app

44、ear on all bolting material so pro-cessed. Grade 660 Class D shall be stamped NR in addition toother required markings.9. Keywords9.1 boltssteel; fastenerssteel; marking; nutssteel; pre-cipitation hardening steels; pressure vessel service; revisionletter; steel barsalloy; steel bolting material; ste

45、el flanges;steel values; temperature service applicationshigh; year dateTABLE 5 Mechanical Property RequirementsGrade ClassTensile Strength,minYield Strength(0.2 % Offset), minElongation in43 Diam,min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %Brinell HardnessNumberApproximate Rockwell Hardness,B and Cksi MPa ksi MP

46、a min max660 A, B, and C 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRCD 130 895 105 725 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC651 A 100 690 70A485 18 35 217277 95 HRB 29 HRC60B415B 95 655 60A415 18 35 212269 93 HRB 28 HRCC50B345662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRCCB 125 860 80 550 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35

47、HRC665 A 170 1170 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRCB 155 1070 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRCAMaterial sizes 3 in. 76 mm and under in diameter.BMaterial sizes over 3 in. 76 mm in diameter.CConversion numbers taken from Specification A 193/A 193M, Table number 2 (austenitic steels); others by int

48、erpolation.TABLE 6 Stress Rupture RequirementsGrade ClassTestTemperature,F CStress, minTime toRupture,min, hAElongation,min, %ksi MPa660 A, B, and C 1200 650 56 385 100 5651 A and B 1200 650 40 275 100 5662 A and B 1200 650 55 380 100 5665 A 1200 650 75 515 100 3B 1200 650 70 485 100 5AThe combinati

49、on bar specimen shown in Fig.number 1 shall be testedcontinuously at the temperature and at the minimum stress specified or at agreater stress and shall rupture in a time not less than that specified.A 453/A 453M 084FIG. 1 Combination Smooth-Notch Stress-Rupture Test Specimen(See Table 6)TABLE 7 Test Specimen DimensionsNOTE 1 Surf