ASTM A453 A453M-2017 Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels《使用奥氏体不锈钢可比膨胀系数的高温螺栓连接的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A453/A453M 16A453/A453M 17Standard Specification forHigh-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion CoefficientsComparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A453/A453M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof origin

2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of

3、 Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers five grades of bolting materials with twelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi345 to 827 MPa for use in high-temperature service for bolting components, such as bolts, screws, nuts, or studs, for pressurevessel and valve flanges. Se

4、e Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The material requires special processing andis not intended for general purpose applications.1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.1.3 Supplementary

5、Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shallonly apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase o

6、rder or contractspecifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each sy

7、stem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardi

8、zationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainles

9、s Steel Bolting for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and OtherSpecial Purpose ApplicationsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture

10、Tests of Metallic MaterialsE292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heat-treatment chargeone heat of material heat treated in one batch. If a continuous operation is used, the weightproces

11、sed as a heat-treatment charge shall not exceed the weights in Table 1.3.1.2 lota lot shall consist of the quantities shown in Table 2.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.

12、22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published May 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asA453/A453M 15.A453

13、/A453M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0453_A0453M-16.10.1520/A0453_A0453M-17.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specification SA-453 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

14、 For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit ma

15、y not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at th

16、e end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),4.1.2 Description of item (bars, bolts, nu

17、ts, etc.),4.1.3 Grade and class (see Table 3),4.1.4 Method of finishing (see 6.1),4.1.5 Type of thread desired (see 6.1.1),4.1.6 Alternative test method option (see 8.2.4.3),4.1.7 Bolt shape option, if any,4.1.8 Thread option, if any,4.1.9 Test method for surface quality, if any,4.1.10 Test location

18、 option, if any,4.1.11 Rejection option, if any, and4.1.12 If stress-rupture testing is not required, except for Grade 660 Class D and Grade 668 (see 8.2.1).5. Common Requirements5.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specific

19、ationA962/A962M. These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optional supplementaryrequirements, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict betw

20、een the requirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Finishing Process:6.1.1 Threads may be formed by machining or rolling.Threads may be formed after precipitation heat treatment or after solutionanneal but prior to

21、 precipitation heat treatment. Type designations are as follows:Type M1threads formed by machining after precipitation heat treatment.Type M2threads formed by machining after solution anneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.Type R1threads formed by rolling after precipitation heat treatment

22、.Type R2threads formed by rolling after solution anneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.When not specified by the purchaser, the type supplied shall be the option of the manufacturer.6.2 Heat TreatmentEach grade and class shall be heat treated as prescribed in Table 4.7. Chemical Compositi

23、on7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 3.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsBolting material in each heat-treatment charge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile requirementsin Table 5.8.1.2 Number of Specimens:TABLE

24、 1 Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge SizesDiameter, in. mm Weight, lb kgTo 134 44 3000 1400Over 134 44 to 212 63 6000 2700Over 212 63 12000 5400TABLE 2 Lot SizesDiameter, in. mm Maximum Lot Size, lb kg112 38 and under 200 90Over 112 38 to 134 44, incl 300 140Over 134 44 to 212 63, incl 600 270Over 21

25、2 63 20 piecesA453/A453M 1728.1.2.1 Heat-Treated BarsWhen not more than two sizes of bars are heat treated in the same load, one tension test shall bemade from each size in each heat of material in the heat-treatment charge (see 3.1.1). When more than two sizes of bars are treatedin the same charge,

26、 one tension test shall be made from one bar of each of the two largest diameters from each heat of materialin the heat-treating charge.8.1.2.2 Finished Bolting ComponentsOne tension test shall be made if the lot consists of parts of the same nominal diameter.If the lot consists of components of mor

27、e than one nominal diameter, one tension test shall be made from each nominal diameterof each heat involved in the lot (see Section 3).8.2 Stress-Rupture Test:8.2.1 RequirementsBolting material shall conform to the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6 for designtemperatures above 800 F

28、427 C. Bolting material not stress-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped NR. Grade 660 ClassD and Grade 668 do not require stress-rupture and shall be stamped NR.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsGrade 660 Grade 651UNS Number S66286 S63198Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, % Conten

29、t, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.280.35 0.02Manganese 2.00 max 0.04 0.751.50 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 0.300.80 0.05Nickel 24.027.0 0.20 8.011.0 0.15Chromium

30、13.516.0 0.20 18.021.0 0.25Molybdenum 1.001.50 0.05 1.001.75 0.05Tungsten . . 1.001.75 0.05Titanium 1.902.35 0.05 0.100.35 0.05 overColumbiumA . . 0.250.60 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over . .Vanadium 0.100.50 0.03 . .Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to . .0.001 overCopper . . 0.50 max 0.03 overGrade 66

31、2 Grade 665UNS Number S66220 S66545Content, %Product Analysis, VariationOver or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 0.401.00 0.03 1.252.00 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 ov

32、er 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 0.401.00 0.05 0.100.80 0.05Nickel 24.028.0 0.20 24.028.0 0.20Chromium 12.015.0 0.15 12.015.0 0.15Molybdenum 2.03.5 0.10 1.252.25 0.10Titanium 1.802.10 0.05 2.703.3 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over 0.25 max 0.05 overCopper 0.50 max 0.03 over 0.25 max 0.03 overBoron 0.001

33、0.010 0.0004 under to 0.010.07 0.0050.001 overGrade 668UNS Number S66285Content, %Product Analysis, VariationOver or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 2.00 max 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05Nickel 17.5 21.5 0.20Chromium 13.516.0 0.20Molyb

34、denum 1.50 max 0.05Tungsten . .Titanium 2.22.8 0.05ColumbiumA . .Aluminum 0.50 max 0.05 overVanadium 0.50 max 0.03Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 underto 0.001 overCopper . .A Or columbium plus tantalum.A453/A453M 1738.2.2 The number of specimens shall be the same as the required number of tension test spec

35、imens.8.2.3 The test location and orientation shall be the same as that required for the tension test specimens.8.2.4 Test Method:8.2.4.1 The rupture test shall be performed in accordance with Practice E139.NOTE 1Fig. 1 is taken from Test Method E292. This is to facilitate detection of notch sensiti

36、vity. The specimen found in Practice E139 does notinclude a notch. The specimen in Fig. 1 is to be used only to determine if the material is notch sensitive.Actual testing is to Practice E139, not Test MethodE292, so the additional test data required by Test Method E292 is not to be determined or re

37、ported.8.2.4.2 A combination smooth and notched test specimen, machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 1 and Table 7, shallbe tested in accordance with the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6. The test shall be continued to rupture. Therupture shall occur in the smooth section of

38、 the bar.TABLE 4 Heat Treatment RequirementsAGradeSymbol Class Solution Treatment Hardening Treatment660 A 1650 25 F 900 14 C, hold 2 h, min, and liquid quench 1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air cool660 A 1650 25 F 900 14 C, hold 2 h, min, and liquid quench 1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1

39、800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 1 h, min, and liquid quench 1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolC 1800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 1 h min, and oil quench 1425 25 F 775 14 C hold 16 h, air cool, followed by1200 25 F 650 14 C hold 16 h, air coolD 1650 25 F 900 14 C, hold 2 h min, and liquid quench or1800 25 F 980

40、 14 C, hold 1 h min, and liquid quench1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolIf necessary to achieve properties, second age:1200 25 F 650 14 C hold 16 h, air cool651 A hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction incross-sectional area, stress relieve at 1200 F 650 C min or 4 h, minB

41、hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction ofcross-sectional area, stress relieve at 1350 F 730 C min for 4 h,min662 A 1800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air cool662 A 1800 25 F 980 14 C,

42、hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air coolB 1950 25 F 1065 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air cool665 A 1800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 3 h, liqui

43、d quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air cool665 A 1800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air coolB 2000 25 F 1095 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 t

44、o 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 25F 650 14 C, hold 20 h, air cool668 A 1650 25 F 900 14 C, hold 2 h, min and liquid quench 1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1800 25 F 980 14 C, hold 1 h, min and liquid quench 1325 25 F 720 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolA Times refer to the m

45、inimum time material is required to be at temperature.TABLE 5 Mechanical Property RequirementsGrade ClassTensile Strength,minYield Strength(0.2 % Offset), min Elongation in4 Diam,min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %Brinell HardnessNumberApproximate Rockwell Hardness,B and Cksi MPa ksi MPa min max660 A, B,

46、 and C 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRCD (#212 in.63.5 mm)130 895 105 725 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRCD (212 in.63.5 mm)120 825 95 655 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC651 A 100 690 70A 485 18 35 217277 95 HRB 29 HRC60B 415B 95 655 60A 415 18 35 212269 93 HRB 28 HRCC50B 345662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18

47、 248321 24 HRC 35 HRCCB 125 860 80 550 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC665 A 170 1170 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRCB 155 1070 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRC668 A and B 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRCABolting material sizes 3 in. 76 mm and under in diameter.BBolting material sizes over 3

48、 in. 76 mm in diameter.C Conversion numbers taken from Specification A193/A193M, Table number 2 (austenitic steels); others by interpolation.A453/A453M 1748.2.4.3 As an alternative procedure and, when specifically approved by the purchaser, separate smooth and notched testspecimens, machined from adjacent sections of the same piece, with gage sections conforming to the respective dimensions ofTable 7, may be tested under the above conditions. The notched specimen need not be tested to r