ASTM A484 A484M-2008 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars Billets and Forgings.pdf

1、Designation: A 484/A 484M 08Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, andForgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 484/A 484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revisi

2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2c

3、overs general requirements thatshall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings,and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) forforging, under the latest revision of each of the followingASTM specifications: A 276, A 314, A 458, A 473, A 477,A 479/A 479M, A 564/A 564M, A 56

4、5/A 565M, A 582/A 582M, A 638/A 638M, A 705/A 705M, and A 831/A 831M.1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of aproduct specification and a requirement of this specification,the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflictbetween a requirement of the product specification

5、or arequirement of this specification and a more stringent require-ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence ifthey, in any way, violate the requirements of the productspecification or this specification; for example, by wa

6、iving atest requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials inspecifications referencing this specification are given in AnnexA1.1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod-ucts other than bar are covered in Specific

7、ationA 480/A 480M.1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils arecovered in Specification A 555/A 555M.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem sh

8、all be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, thematerial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 262 Practices for Detecting S

9、usceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars forForgingA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 458 Specification for Hot-Worked,

10、 Hot-Cold-Worked,and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength atElevated Temperatures4A 473 Specification for Stainless Steel ForgingsA 477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Workedand Cold-WorkedAlloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billetsfor High Strength at Elevated Temperatures4A 479/A 479

11、M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA 555/A 555M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Wire and

12、Wire RodsA 564/A 564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA 565/A 565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless SteelBars for High-Temperature ServiceA 582/A 582M Specification for Free-Machining StainlessSteel BarsA 638/A 638M Specification for

13、 Precipitation HardeningIron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stockfor High-Temperature ServiceA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Shipment1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related

14、 Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 484/A 484M 06b.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Ap

15、plications, see related Specifi-cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

16、 onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 705/A 705M Specification for Age-Hardening StainlessSteel ForgingsA 751 Test Methods,

17、Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 831/A 831M Specification for Austenitic and MartensiticStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid MetalCooled Reactor Core Components4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 139 Test Methods for Conducting C

18、reep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Standards:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and SteelProducts2.3 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Preservation of

19、 Steel Products for Shipment(Storage and Overseas Shipment)2.4 Other Standard:6Primary Metals Bar Code Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Bars, shapes, forgings, billets, or other semi-finishedmaterial used in this specification are defined as follows:3.1.

20、1.1 Bars, nstraight lengths that are produced by pro-cessing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging,or extrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round,rectangular, and complex shapes. Bar shall include shapes withall dimensions under 5 in. 125 mm. Bar shall includehot-rolled f

21、lats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and withthickness 0.125 in. 3.00 mm or greater. Bar shall include flatswith width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness 0.125in. 3.00 mm or greater, cut from strip or plate provided thatthe long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rollin

22、gdirection of the strip or plate.NOTE 1All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than 0.1875in. 5.00 mm and width 0.375 in. 9.50 mm and over is classified as strip.3.1.1.2 billets, nsemi-finished products, typically pro-duced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that requiresubsequen

23、t hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion.Billets typically have a cross-section area of 36 in.2or less (230cm2) and shape that is square or rectangular with width lessthan twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections with widthequal to or greater than twice the thickness are classified ass

24、labs or sheet bars.3.1.1.3 blooms, nsemi-finished products, typically pro-duced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequenthot working by rolling or forging. Blooms typically have across section area of greater than 36 in.2(230 cm2) and shapethat is square or rectangular with width les

25、s than twice thethickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to orgreater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheetbars.3.1.1.4 forgings, n parts, including bars, billets, semi-finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-chanical working using hammers, presses,

26、 or forging ma-chines.3.1.1.5 shapes, nbar having a cross section other thancircular, rectangular, or hexagonal.3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet barsproducts, typically producedby blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuouscasting, that are shipped without further hot working to befurther processe

27、d into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted toheat treat, cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and deador exact lengths are defined as follows:3.1.2.1 dead lengths or exact lengths bars, typicallyhot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machin

28、e-cut after machine-straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length aslisted in the tolerance tables of this specification.3.1.2.2 multiple lengths lengths that are specified ascontaining a predetermined number of units of length associ-ated with production of a particular part, commonly i

29、ncludingan allowance of14 in. 6.5 mm per unit for cutting to insureobtaining the required number of pieces.3.1.2.3 random lengths a length range not less than 24 in.1 m; for example, 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m, 14 to 17 ft 4 to 5m, or 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m.3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined a

30、s follows:3.1.3.1 conditionidentification of the final step or stepsthermomechanical processing as required to describe the met-allurgical state of the material as delivered. Examples includehot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties

31、; andhot-worked, quenched, and tempered.3.1.3.2 finishdescription of the surface finish and appli-cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, mosttypically by identification of the process applied to the product,and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-sional tole

32、rances. Examples of finishing operations includeblasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surfacefinish but not for increased mechanical properties. See also8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.4. Ord

33、ering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements to be considered include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).4.1.2 Dimensions, in

34、cluding shape or form with diameter orwidth and thickness as applicable, length, and prints orsketches as applicable.4.1.3 Type or UNS designation.4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year ifother than the latest edition4.1.5 Condition.4.1.6 Finish.5Available from Standardization Documen

35、ts Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A 484/A 484M 0824.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invok

36、ed.4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from stripor plate, when applicable.4.1.9 Preparation for delivery.4.1.10 Marking requirements.4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes.4.1.12 Special requirements.NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb 2000kg; 1.000 in. 25 mm

37、round bar by 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m; Type 304 orS30400; Specification A 479/A 479M; annealed, centerless ground; plusoptional requirements, such as special marking instructions.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The material shall be made by any process.5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the c

38、onditionsdetailed in the applicable product specification, for example,hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes asdetailed in Section 8 or further described in the a

39、pplicableproduct specification, for example, hot-finished or cold-finished.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisThe chemical analysis of eachheat shall be determined in accordance with the applicablematerials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-minology A 751.6.1.1 The anal

40、ysis of each heat shall be made from a testsample taken during the pouring of the melt or from thein-process product later in the manufacturing flow.6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemicalrequirements for each of the specified elements for the gradeordered, as listed in the applicable

41、product specification.6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts ofelements other than those which are specified. It is neitherpractical nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified ele-ments, whether intentionally added unspecified elements, re-sidual elements, or trace elements, that can

42、 be present. Theproducer is permitted to analyze for unspecified elements andis permitted to report such analyses. The presence of anunspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for thatelement shall not be a basis for rejection unless the presence ofthat element cause the loss of a property

43、 typically expected forthat metal, for the type and quality ordered.6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchaseorder a maximum limit for an individual element not specifiedin the product specification. Such a requirement for an elementnot listed in the product specification, when ack

44、nowledged inthe order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element,with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of thatanalysis.6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirementsfor any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini-mums for elements having minimum requi

45、rements or rangeswith minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums forelements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemicalrequirements less stringent.6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specificelements rather than groups of el

46、ements, including but notlimited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless allelements in such a group are similar in technical effect and areassociated in typical methods of chemical analysis.6.2 Product Analysis When required, a product analysisshall be determined in accordance with Test Met

47、hods, Prac-tices, and Terminology A 751. The chemical composition thusdetermined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table 1.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element forthe ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade in the referencing p

48、roductspecification, and any of the product specifications within thescope of this general requirements specification, for which thatelement has a specified minimum.7. Heat Treatment7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to befollowed unless otherwise specified in the applicable productsp

49、ecification.7.2 Austenitic Grades:7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), andhot-rolled grades (see 7.2.5), all austenitic stainless steels shallbe furnished in the solution annealed condition in accordancewith Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for coldfinishing and straightening permitted.7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic gradesshall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by aseparate annealing treatment or by process annealing.7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of