ASTM A484 A484M-2014a Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars Billets and Forgings《不锈钢棒材 钢坯和锻件通用要求的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A484/A484M 14aStandard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, andForgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificatio

3、n2covers general requirements thatshall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings,and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) forforging, under the latest revision of each of the followingASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565

4、M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of aproduct specification and a requirement of this specification,the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflictbetween a requirement of the product specification or arequirement

5、 of this specification and a more stringent require-ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence ifthey, in any way, violate the requirements of the productspecification or this specification; for example, by waiving atest req

6、uirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials inspecifications referencing this specification are given in AnnexA1.1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod-ucts other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480

7、M.1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils arecovered in Specification A555/A555M.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used indepe

8、ndently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, thematerial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to In

9、tergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars forForgingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, andCold

10、-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength atElevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4A473 Specification for Stainless Steel ForgingsA477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked andCold-WorkedAlloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets forHigh Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn1988)4A479/

11、A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA555/A555M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Wire and

12、Wire RodsA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless SteelBars for High-Temperature ServiceA582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining StainlessSteel BarsA638/A638M Specification for Precipi

13、tation Hardening IronBase Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition

14、approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A484/A484M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-14A.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code.3For reference

15、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.

16、astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1High-Temperature ServiceA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for Shipm

17、ent (Withdrawn 2014)4A705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening StainlessSteel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and MartensiticStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for LiquidMetal Cooled React

18、or Core Components (Withdrawn2005)4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Standards:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking

19、 of Iron and SteelProducts2.3 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment(Storage and Overseas Shipment)2.4 Other Standard:6Primary Metals Bar Code Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1

20、.1 Bars, shapes, forgings, billets, or other semi-finishedmaterial used in this specification are defined as follows:3.1.1.1 Bars, nstraight lengths that are produced by pro-cessing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging,or extrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round,recta

21、ngular, and complex shapes. Bar shall include shapes withall dimensions under 5 in. 125 mm. Bar shall includehot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and withthickness 0.125 in. 3.00 mm or greater. Bar shall include flatswith width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness0.125 in. 3

22、.00 mm or greater, cut from strip or plate providedthat the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the finalrolling direction of the strip or plate.NOTE 1All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than 0.1875in. 5.00 mm and width 0.375 in. 9.50 mm and over is classified as strip.3.1.1.

23、2 billets, nsemi-finished products, typically pro-duced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that requiresubsequent hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion.Billets typically have a cross-section area of 36 in.2or less(230 cm2) and shape that is square or rectangular with widthless than

24、twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections withwidth equal to or greater than twice the thickness are classifiedas slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.3 blooms, nsemi-finished products, typically pro-duced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequenthot working by rolling or forging. Blooms

25、typically have across section area of greater than 36 in.2(230 cm2) and shapethat is square or rectangular with width less than twice thethickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to orgreater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheetbars.3.1.1.4 forgings, nparts, includi

26、ng bars, billets, semi-finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-chanical working using hammers, presses, or forging ma-chines.3.1.1.5 shapes, nbar having a cross section other thancircular, rectangular, or hexagonal.3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet barsproducts, typically produced byblooming,

27、slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous casting,that are shipped without further hot working to be furtherprocessed into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted to heat treat,cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and deador exa

28、ct lengths are defined as follows:3.1.2.1 dead lengths or exact lengthsbars, typically hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length aslisted in the tolerance tables of this specification.3.1.2.2 multiple lengthslengths that are specif

29、ied as con-taining a predetermined number of units of length associatedwith production of a particular part, commonly including anallowance of14 in. 6.5 mm per unit for cutting to insureobtaining the required number of pieces.3.1.2.3 random lengthsa length range not less than 24 in.1 m; for example,

30、 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m, 14 to 17 ft 4 to 5 m,or 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m.3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined as follows:3.1.3.1 conditionidentification of the final step or stepsthermomechanical processing as required to describe the met-allurgical state of the material as delivered. Example

31、s includehot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties; andhot-worked, quenched, and tempered.3.1.3.2 finishdescription of the surface finish and appli-cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, mosttypically by identific

32、ation of the process applied to the product,and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-sional tolerances. Examples of finishing operations includeblasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surfacefinish bu

33、t not for increased mechanical properties. See also8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements to be con

34、sidered include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter orwidth and thickness as applicable, length, and prints orsketches as applicable.4.1.3 Type or UNS designation.5Available from Standardization Doc

35、uments Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A484/A484M 14a24.1.4 ASTM specification designation and

36、 edition year ifother than the latest edition4.1.5 Condition.4.1.6 Finish.4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked.4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from stripor plate, when applicable.4.1.9 Preparation for delivery.4.1.10 Marking requirements.4.1.11 Surface preparation, for sh

37、apes.4.1.12 Special requirements.NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb 2000kg; 1.000 in. 25 mm round bar by 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m; Type 304 orS30400; Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plusoptional requirements, such as special marking instructions.5. Materia

38、ls and Manufacture5.1 The material shall be made by any process.5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditionsdetailed in the applicable product specification, for example,hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treat

39、ed.5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes asdetailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicableproduct specification, for example, hot-finished or cold-finished.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisThe chemical analysis of eachheat shall be determined in accor

40、dance with the applicablematerials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-minology A751.6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a testsample taken during the pouring of the melt or from thein-process product later in the manufacturing flow.6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform

41、 to the chemicalrequirements for each of the specified elements for the gradeordered, as listed in the applicable product specification.6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts ofelements other than those which are specified. It is neitherpractical nor necessary to specify limits for unspec

42、ifiedelements, whether intentionally added unspecified elements,residual elements, or trace elements, that can be present. Theproducer is permitted to analyze for unspecified elements andis permitted to report such analyses. The presence of anunspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for

43、thatelement shall not be a basis for rejection unless the presence ofthat element cause the loss of a property typically expected forthat metal, for the type and quality ordered.6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchaseorder a maximum limit for an individual element not specifiedin

44、 the product specification. Such a requirement for an elementnot listed in the product specification, when acknowledged inthe order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element,with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of thatanalysis.6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the r

45、equirementsfor any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini-mums for elements having minimum requirements or rangeswith minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums forelements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemicalrequir

46、ements less stringent.6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specificelements rather than groups of elements, including but notlimited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless allelements in such a group are similar in technical effect and areassociated in typical methods of chemical

47、analysis.6.2 Product AnalysisWhen required, a product analysisshall be determined in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical compositionthus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table1.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element forthe ord

48、ered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade in the referencing productspecification, and any of the product specifications within thescope of this general requirements specification, for which thatelement has a specified minimum.7. Heat Treatment7.1 The heat

49、treatments shown in this section are to befollowed unless otherwise specified in the applicable productspecification.7.2 Austenitic Grades:7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), allaustenitic stainless steels shall be furnished in the solutionannealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subse-quent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straighteningpermitted.7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic gradesshall be annealed, at the option of t