ASTM A484 A484M-2016 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars Billets and Forgings《不锈钢棒材 钢坯和锻件通用要求的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A484/A484M 16Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, andForgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification

3、2covers general requirements thatshall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings,and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) forforging, under the latest revision of each of the followingASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M

4、, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of aproduct specification and a requirement of this specification,the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflictbetween a requirement of the product specification or arequirement

5、of this specification and a more stringent require-ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence ifthey, in any way, violate the requirements of the productspecification or this specification; for example, by waiving atest requ

6、irement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials inspecifications referencing this specification are given in AnnexA1.1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod-ucts other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M

7、.1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils arecovered in Specification A555/A555M.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used indepen

8、dently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, thematerial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Int

9、ergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars forForgingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, andCold-

10、Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength atElevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4A473 Specification for Stainless Steel ForgingsA477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked andCold-WorkedAlloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets forHigh Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn1988)4A479/A

11、479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA555/A555M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Wire and W

12、ire RodsA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless SteelBars for High-Temperature ServiceA582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining StainlessSteel BarsA638/A638M Specification for Precipit

13、ation Hardening IronBase Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition a

14、pproved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A484/A484M 15.DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-16.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code.3For referenced

15、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.as

16、tm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1High-Temperature ServiceA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA705/

17、A705M Specification for Age-Hardening StainlessSteel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and MartensiticStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for LiquidMetal Cooled Reactor Core Components (Withdr

18、awn2005)4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Standards:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and SteelProducts

19、2.3 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment(Storage and Overseas Shipment)2.4 Other Standard:6Primary Metals Bar Code Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Bars, shapes, forgings,

20、 billets, or other semi-finishedmaterial used in this specification are defined as follows:3.1.1.1 Bars, nstraight lengths that are produced by pro-cessing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging,or extrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round,rectangular, and complex shapes

21、. Bar shall include shapes withall dimensions under 5 in. 125 mm. Bar shall includehot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and withthickness 0.125 in. 3.00 mm or greater. Bar shall include flatswith width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness0.125 in. 3.00 mm or greater, cut fro

22、m strip or plate providedthat the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the finalrolling direction of the strip or plate.NOTE 1All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than0.1875 in. 5.00 mm and width 0.375 in. 9.50 mm and over is classifiedas strip.3.1.1.2 billets, nsemi-finished p

23、roducts, typically pro-duced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that requiresubsequent hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion.Billets typically have a cross-section area of 36 in.2or less(230 cm2) and shape that is square or rectangular with widthless than twice the thickness. Rectan

24、gular cross sections withwidth equal to or greater than twice the thickness are classifiedas slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.3 blooms, nsemi-finished products, typically pro-duced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequenthot working by rolling or forging. Blooms typically have across secti

25、on area of greater than 36 in.2(230 cm2) and shapethat is square or rectangular with width less than twice thethickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to orgreater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheetbars.3.1.1.4 forgings, nparts, including bars, billets, semi-fini

26、shed products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-chanical working using hammers, presses, or forging ma-chines.3.1.1.5 shapes, nbar having a cross section other thancircular, rectangular, or hexagonal.3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet barsproducts, typically produced byblooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mill

27、s or by continuous casting,that are shipped without further hot working to be furtherprocessed into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted to heat treat,cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and deador exact lengths are defined as f

28、ollows:3.1.2.1 dead lengths or exact lengthsbars, typically hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length aslisted in the tolerance tables of this specification.3.1.2.2 multiple lengthslengths that are specified as con-taining a predet

29、ermined number of units of length associatedwith production of a particular part, commonly including anallowance of14 in. 6.5 mm per unit for cutting to insureobtaining the required number of pieces.3.1.2.3 random lengthsa length range not less than 24 in.1 m; for example, 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m, 14 t

30、o 17 ft 4 to 5 m,or 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m.3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined as follows:3.1.3.1 conditionidentification of the final step or stepsthermomechanical processing as required to describe the met-allurgical state of the material as delivered. Examples includehot-worked; hot-wo

31、rked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties; andhot-worked, quenched, and tempered.3.1.3.2 finishdescription of the surface finish and appli-cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, mosttypically by identification of the process applie

32、d to the product,and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-sional tolerances. Examples of finishing operations includeblasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surfacefinish but not for increased mechani

33、cal properties. See also8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements to be considered include, butare not

34、 limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter orwidth and thickness as applicable, length, and prints orsketches as applicable.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins

35、 Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A484/A484M 1624.1.3 Type or UNS designation.4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year ifother than t

36、he latest edition4.1.5 Condition.4.1.6 Finish.4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked.4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from stripor plate, when applicable.4.1.9 Preparation for delivery.4.1.10 Marking requirements.4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes.4.1.12 Special requirem

37、ents.NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb2000 kg; 1.000 in. 25 mm round bar by 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m; Type 304or S30400; Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plusoptional requirements, such as special marking instructions.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The ma

38、terial shall be made by any process.5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditionsdetailed in the applicable product specification, for example,hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.5.3 The material shall be

39、 furnished in one of the finishes asdetailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicableproduct specification, for example, hot-finished or cold-finished.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisThe chemical analysis of eachheat shall be determined in accordance with the applicablemat

40、erials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-minology A751.6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a testsample taken during the pouring of the melt or from thein-process product later in the manufacturing flow.6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemicalrequirements

41、 for each of the specified elements for the gradeordered, as listed in the applicable product specification.6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts ofelements other than those which are specified. It is neitherpractical nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified ele-ments that can be

42、present. The producer is permitted to analyzefor unspecified elements and is permitted to report suchanalyses. The presence of an unspecified element and thereporting of an analysis for that element shall not be a basis forrejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss ofa property typ

43、ically expected for that metal, for the type andquality ordered.6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchaseorder a maximum limit for an individual element not specifiedin the product specification. Such a requirement for an elementnot listed in the product specification, when acknowl

44、edged inthe order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element,with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of thatanalysis.6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirementsfor any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini-mums for elements having minimum requireme

45、nts or rangeswith minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums forelements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemicalrequirements less stringent.6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specificelements rather than groups of elemen

46、ts, including but notlimited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless allelements in such a group are similar in technical effect and areassociated in typical methods of chemical analysis.6.2 Product AnalysisWhen required, a product analysisshall be determined in accordance with Test Methods,

47、Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical compositionthus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table1.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element forthe ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade in the referencing productspe

48、cification, and any of the product specifications within thescope of this general requirements specification, for which thatelement has a specified minimum.7. Heat Treatment7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to befollowed unless otherwise specified in the applicable productspecificati

49、on.7.2 Austenitic Grades:7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), allaustenitic stainless steels shall be furnished in the solutionannealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subse-quent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straighteningpermitted.7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic gradesshall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by aseparate annealing treatment or by process annealing.7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment