ASTM A485-2009 Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel《高淬硬性耐磨轴承钢标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A485 09Standard Specification forHigh Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modifica-tio

3、ns of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in themanufacture of antifriction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in

4、 parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA255 Test Methods for Determining Hardena

5、bility of SteelA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen,

6、 and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 Other Standards:SAE J148a Grain Size Determination of Steel3ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels43. Orderin

7、g Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions,3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.4. Process4.1 The steel

8、 shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of stee

9、l shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 P

10、roduct analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A29/A29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall

11、beagreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled andannealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finishedbars furnished under this specification shall conform to therequirements specified in the latest edition of SpecificationA29/A29M.

12、1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys , and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition

13、 approved in 2003 as A485 03. DOI:10.1520/A0485-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available

14、 from The Engineering Society for Advanced Mobility of Land, Sea,Air and Space, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-001.4Available from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ruede Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland.1*A Summary of Changes section a

15、ppears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensure this qu

16、ality. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.Quality tests shown in 7.1 through 7.3 are based uponprocedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained fr

17、om 4 by 4 in. (102 by102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum of 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forgedsections is required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six sample

18、srepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be taken from semi-finished or finished productrepresenting the top and bottom of three ingots. One ingot shallbe taken at random from the fir

19、st usable plate poured, one ingotat random from the usable plate poured nearest to the middle ofthe heat, and one ingot at random from the last usable platepoured. When a heat is constituted by two usable plates, two ofthe sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable platepoured. When a he

20、at consists of a single usable plate, any threerandom ingots may be selected. Other methods of samplingshall be as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last portion of the heat castshall be examined

21、. At least one sample shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingSpecimens approximately38 by34in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) shall be taken from an area halfwaybetween the center and outside of the billet. The polished faceshall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale usedfor rating th

22、e specimens shall be the chart described in TestMethods E45, Method A, Plate I-r. Inclusion fields with sizesor numbers intermediate between configurations shown on thechart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number. Theworst field of each inclusion type from each specimen shall berecor

23、ded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of allspecimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or from thefirst, middle and last portion of the strands tested as well as theaverage of all specimens, shall not exceed the rating specifiedin Table 2.8. Grain Size8.1 The steels covered by this

24、specification shall have thecapability of showing fine fracture grain size (approximatelyASTM No. 8) (SAE J418a) when quenched from normalaustenizing temperatures not exceeding 1550F (843C).9. Hardenability9.1 Each heat of the grades in Table 3 shall be tested forhardenability. Normalizing followed

25、by spheroidize annealingshall precede heating for end quenching. In heating for endquenching, the test specimens shall be held for a minimum of30 min at 1500 6 8F (815 6 4.5C). End-quench procedureshall be in accordance with Test MethodsA255. The “J” valuesfor hardenability as shown in Table 3 shall

26、 apply.10. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections10.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Table 4. Decarburization shall bemeasured using the microscopical methods described in TestMethods E1077.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max)

27、S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Ti (max) Cu (max) Mo O (max)DAl (max)1 Grade 1 0.901.05 0.901.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.0502 Grade 2 0.851.00 1.401.70 0.025 0.015 0.500.80 1.401.80 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.0503 Grade 3 0.951.10 0.650.90 0.025 0.015 0.15

28、0.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.200.30 0.0015 0.0504 Grade 4 0.951.10 1.051.35 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.450.60 0.0015 0.050B2 100CrMnSi44 0.931.05 0.901.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B3 100CrMnSi64 0.931.05 1.001.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1

29、.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B4 100CrMnSi66 0.931.05 1.401.70 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B5 100CrMo7 0.931.05 0.250.45 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.150.30 0.0015 0.050B6 100CrMo73 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.

30、30 0.200.35 0.0015 0.050B7 100CrMo74 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.400.50 0.0015 0.050B8 100CrMnMoSi846 0.931.05 0.801.10 0.025 0.015 0.400.60 1.802.05 . . .E0.30 0.500.60 0.0015 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreem

31、ent of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.CSteels B2 through B8 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to prod

32、uct analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.EA maximum titanium content may be agreed upon at the time of inquiry and order.TABLE 2 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA212 A112B2 B1C12 C12D1 D1TABLE 3 Hardenability ValuesRockwell CMinimum Rockwell C Va

33、lues at Sixteenth of InchGrade 10 20 281 46 . .2 . . . 52 323 46 . .4 . . . 52 35A485 09211. Microstructure and Hardness11.1 The material shall be free of excessive carbide segre-gation.11.2 When annealing is specified in the order, the steel shallhave a microstructure completely spheroidized, or as

34、 agreedupon, and the maximum hardness as specified in Table 5.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purc

35、haser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed to.13. Certification and Reports13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the mate

36、rial was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification togetherwith a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time ofshipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for

37、Bars and TubesMaximum Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm) Hot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesOver 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8),incl0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.017 (0.43) 0.014 (0.36)Over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.

38、000 (76.2),incl0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)Over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6),incl0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) . . . 0.024 (0.61)Over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000(127.0), incl0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . . . 0.028 (0.71)TABLE 5 Hardness Limits for

39、Annealed MaterialProduct Condition Maximum HardnessBrinell RockwellCoils hot-rolled, annealed . . . B97Bars and tubes hot-rolled, annealed 217 . . .Coils annealed, colddrawn (stressrelieved). B92Coils, bars, and tubes annealed, colddrawnA260 . . .ACold swaged material is not included.A485 093SUPPLEM

40、ENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included inpurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydesc

41、ribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method, described in Method E of Test Methods E45,beused in a

42、ddition to the micro-inclusion rating method describedin 7.3.S1.2 SamplingSee Section 7.S1.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for Type B inclusions shallnot exceed 15. The “SAM” rating for Type D inclusions shallnot exceed 10.S2. Magnetic Particle MethodS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particl

43、esmethod described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.3. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S2.2 Samplin

44、gSee 7.2.S2.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Test Methods E45.S2.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket in which itfalls; tha

45、t is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspecimen shall be determined and expressed as total length perarea inspected. The average total length per area inspected ofall six specimens shall not exceed 200 mm/m2(or equivalent).S3

46、. Sulfur Requirements for MachinabilityS3.1 The sulfur content shall be 0.0150.030 %.S3.2 The sulfide (type A) rating units in Table 2 shall be 3.0thin and 2.0 heavy.S3.3 The manufacturers certification shall state that mate-rial was produced to this supplementary requirement whenapplicable.S4. Calc

47、ulated HardenabilityS4.1 A calculated hardenability shall be used in lieu of therequirements in Section 9. The method used shall be agreedupon between the purchaser and the steel supplier at the timeof inquiry and order.S5. Sample Reduction RatioS5.1 For the sampling described in 7.2, the purchaser

48、mayspecify that the reduction ratio from as-cast section to testsection be provided.S6. Macroetch TestingS6.1 Specimens representative of cross sections of billetsshall be macroetched and rated in accordance with MethodE381 in hydrochloric acid and water (1:1) at a temperature of160 to 180F (71 to 8

49、2C). Such specimens shall not exceedS2, R2, C2 of Method E381.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A485 03)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2009.)(1) Macroetch testing was moved from Section 7 to Supple-mentary Requirements.(2) Changed 9.1 to clarify that only the grades in Table 3require hardenability testing.A485 094ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity