1、Designation: A500/A500M 13A500/A500M 18Standard Specification forCold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel StructuralTubing in Rounds and Shapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A500/A500M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel round
3、, square, rectangular, or special shapestructural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes.1.2 This tubing is produced in both welded and seamless sizes with a periphery of 88 in. 2235 mm or less, and a specifiedwall thickness o
4、f 0.875 in. 22 mm or less. Grade D requires heat treatment.NOTE 1Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in weldedstructures, etc., where low-temperature notch-toughness properties may be important.1.3 The values stat
5、ed in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two system
6、s may result in non-conformance with the standard. Theinch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes,excluding those in
7、 tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
8、 issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Meth
9、ods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys2.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage32.3 Fed
10、eral Standards:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment3Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products32.4 AIAG Standard:B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.1 This sp
11、ecification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013March 1, 2018. Published November 2013March 2018. Originally approved in
12、 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20102013as A500/A500MA500/A500M 13.10a. DOI: 10.1520/A0500_A0500M-13.10.1520/A0500_A0500M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume infor
13、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfi
14、eld, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recom
15、mends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall contain information concerning as many of the following items as arerequired to describe the desired material adequately:4.1.1 Quantity (feet metres or number of lengths),
17、4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed tubing),4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded),4.1.4 Grade (A, B, C, or D),4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for round tubing, and outside dimensions and wall thickness for square andrectangular tubing),4.1.6 Copper-containing steel (see Ta
18、ble 1), if applicable,4.1.7 Length (random, multiple, specific; see 11.3),4.1.8 End condition (see 16.3),4.1.9 Burr removal (see 16.3),4.1.10 Certification (see Section 18),4.1.11 ASTM specification designation and year of issue,4.1.12 End use,4.1.13 Special requirements, and4.1.14 Bar coding (see 1
19、9.3).5. Process5.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition materialand remove it using an established procedure tha
20、t positively separates the grades.6. Manufacture6.1 The tubing shall be made by a seamless or welding process.6.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel by the electric-resistance-welding process. The longitudinal butt joint ofwelded tubing shall be welded across its thickness in such a
21、manner that the structural design strength of the tubing section isassured.6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of the corners of any shaped tube unless specified by the purchaser.NOTE 2Welded tubing is normally furnished without removal of the inside flash.6.4 Except as required by 6
22、.5, it shall be permissible for the tubing to be stress relieved or annealed.6.5 Grade D tubing shall be heat treated at a temperature of at least 1100 F 590 C for one hour per inch 25 mm of thickness.7. Heat Analysis7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for h
23、eat analysis.8. Product Analysis8.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to the requirements specified in Table 1 for product analysis.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Grades A, B, andDGrade CHeatAnalysisProductAnalysisHeatAnalysisProductAnalysisCarbon, maxA 0.26 0.30 0.23 0.27
24、Manganese, maxA 1.35 1.40 1.35 1.40Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045 0.035 0.045Sulfur, max 0.035 0.045 0.035 0.045Copper, minB 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18A For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum forcarbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum formangan
25、ese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 % by heat analysis and 1.60 %by product analysis.B If copper-containing steel is specified in the purchase order.A500/A500M 1828.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made using test specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lot of500 leng
26、ths, or fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolled stock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled stock.Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.Such product analyses shall conform to the require
27、ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to conform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be rejected.8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails to conform to the specified requirements, product analyses shall be madeu
28、sing two additional test specimens taken from the lot. Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specifiedrequirements or the lot shall be rejected.9. Tensile Requirements9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties pre
29、scribed inTable 2.10. Flattening Test10.1 The flattening test shall be made on round structural tubing. A flattening test is not required for shaped structural tubing.10.2 For welded round structural tubing, a test specimen at least 4 in. 100 mm in length shall be flattened cold between parallelplat
30、es in three steps, with the weld located 90 from the line of direction of force. During the first step, which is a test for ductilityof the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces of the test specimen shall be present until the distance betweenthe plates is less than two-thirds o
31、f the specified outside diameter of the tubing. For the second step, no cracks or breaks on theinside or outside parent metal surfaces of the test specimen, except as provided for in 10.5, shall be present until the distancebetween the plates is less than one-half of the specified outside diameter o
32、f the tubing. During the third step, which is a test forsoundness, the flattening shall be continued until the test specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the test specimen meet. Evidenceof laminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall
33、 be cause for rejection.10.3 For seamless round structural tubing 238 in. 60 mm specified outside diameter and larger, a specimen not less than 212 in.65 mm in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in two steps. During the first step, which is a test for ductility,no cracks or break
34、s on the inside or outside surfaces, except as provided for in 10.5, shall occur until the distance between the platesis less than the value of “H” calculated by the following equation:H 511e!t/e1t/D! (1)TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsRound Structural TubingGrade A Grade B Grade C Grade DTensile streng
35、th, min, psi MPa 45 000 58 000 62 000 58 000310 400 425 400Yield strength, min, psi MPa 33 000 42 000 46 000 36 000230 290 315 250Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, 25A 23B 21C 23Bmin, %DShaped Structural TubingGrade A Grade B Grade C Grade DTensile strength, min, psi MPa 45 000 58 000 62 000 58 000310 400
36、425 400Yield strength, min, psi MPa 39 000 46 000 50 000 36 000270 315 345 250Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, 25A 23B 21C 23Bmin, %DAApplies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0.120 in. 3.05mm. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shallbe calculat
37、ed by the formula: percent elongation in 2 in. 50 mm = 56t + 17.5,rounded to the nearest percent. For A500M use the following formula: 2.2t + 17.5,rounded to the nearest percent.BApplies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0.180 in. 4.57mm. For lighter specified wall thicknes
38、ses, the minimum elongation values shallbe calculated by the formula: percent elongation in 2 in. 50 mm = 61t + 12,rounded to the nearest percent. For A500M use the following formula: 2.4t + 12,rounded to the nearest percent.CApplies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0.120
39、in. 3.05mm. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shallbe by agreement with the manufacturer.D The minimum elongation values specified apply only to tests performed prior toshipment of the tubing.A500/A500M 183where:H = distance between flattening plates, in. mm,e = d
40、eformation per unit length (constant for a given grade of steel, 0.09 for Grade A, 0.07 for Grade B, and 0.06 for GradeC),t = specified wall thickness of tubing, in. mm, andD = specified outside diameter of tubing, in. mm.During the second step, which is a test for soundness, the flattening shall be
41、 continued until the specimen breaks or the oppositewalls of the specimen meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall because for rejection.10.4 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimen before flattening, but revealed during th
42、e first step of the flatteningtest, shall be judged in accordance with Section 15.10.5 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are tested, because the strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the insidesurface at the 6 and 12 oclock locations, cracks at these locations shall not be cause for re
43、jection if the D-to-t ratio is less than10.11. Permissible Variations in Dimensions11.1 Outside Dimensions:11.1.1 Round Structural TubingThe outside diameter shall not vary more than 60.5 %, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. 0.1mm, from the specified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 1
44、.900 in. 48 mm and smaller, and 6 0.75 %, roundedto the nearest 0.005 in. 0.1 mm, from the specified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2.00 in. 5 cm and larger.The outside diameter measurements shall be made at positions at least 2 in. 5 cm from the ends of the tubing.11.1.2 Square an
45、d Rectangular Structural TubingThe outside dimensions, measured across the flats at positions at least 2 in.5 cm from the ends of the tubing, shall not vary from the specified outside dimensions by more than the applicable amount givenin Table 3, which includes an allowance for convexity or concavit
46、y.11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness at any point of measurement on the tubing shall be excluding the weld seamof welded tubing if supplied with the inside flash not being removed shall be not more than 10 % less than the specified wallthickness. If the welded tubing is supplied with the
47、inside flash removed, then the weld seam shall be included in the wall thicknessmeasurement and shall be not more than 10 % less than the specified wall thickness. The maximum wall thickness, excluding theweld seam of welded tubing, shall be not more than 10 % greater than the specified wall thickne
48、ss. For square and rectangulartubing, the wall thickness requirements shall apply only to the centers of the flats.11.3 LengthStructural tubing is normally produced in random lengths 5 ft 1.5 m and over, in multiple lengths, and in specificlengths. Refer to Section 4. When specific lengths are order
49、ed, the length tolerance shall be in accordance with Table 4.11.4 StraightnessThe permissible variation for straightness of structural tubing shall be 18 in. times the number of feet 10 mmtimes the number of metres of total length divided by 5.11.5 Squareness of SidesFor square and rectangular structural tubing, adjacent sides shall be square (90), with a permissiblevariation of 62 max.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions forSquare and Rectangula
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