1、Designation: A501/A501M 14Standard Specification forHot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel StructuralTubing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A501/A501M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers
3、 black and hot-dipped galva-nized hot-formed welded and seamless carbon steel square,round, rectangular, or special shape structural tubing forwelded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges andbuildings, and for general structural purposes.1.2 Square and rectangular tubing is furnished in sizes
4、1 to32 in. 25 to 800 mm across flat sides with wall thicknesses0.095 to 3.00 in. 2.5 to 75 mm, dependent upon size; roundtubing is furnished in NPS12 DN 15 to NPS 24 DN 600(see Note 1) inclusive, with nominal (average) wall thicknesses0.109 to 1.000 in. 2.8 to 25.4 mm, dependent upon size.Special sh
5、ape tubing and tubing with other dimensions ispermitted to be furnished, provided that such tubing complieswith all other requirements of this specification.NOTE 1The dimensionless designator NPS DN (nominal pipe size)has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominaldiamet
6、er,” “size,” and “nominal size.”1.3 This specification covers the following grades:1.3.1 Grade A 36 000 psi 250 MPa min yield strength.1.3.2 GradeB50 000psi345 MPa min yield strength.1.4 An optional supplementary requirement is provided forGrade B and, when desired, shall be so stated on the order.1
7、.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method portion of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associ-ated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health
8、practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order specifiesthe applicable M specification designation (SI units), theinch-pound units shall apply. The values s
9、tated in either SIunits or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two system
10、s may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.7 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes andfootnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not containany mandatory requirements.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A5
11、3/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for Shipment (Withdrawn 2014)3A751 Test Methods, Practic
12、es, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and Ferroalloys2.2 AIAG Standard:4B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.
13、4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall containinformation concerning as many of the following items as arerequired to describe the desired material adequately:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Relat
14、ed Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A501 07. DOI:10.1520/A0501_A0501M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,
15、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Availabl
16、e from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.
17、1 Quantity (feet metres or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (hot-formed tubing),4.1.3 Grade (A or B)4.1.4 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded) (seeSection 6),4.1.5 Finish (black or galvanized),4.1.6 Size (outside diameter and calculated nominal wallthickness for round tubing and the o
18、utside dimensions andcalculated nominal wall thickness for square and rectangulartubing (Section 11),4.1.7 Length (random, multiple, or specific; see 12.3),4.1.8 End condition (see 17.3),4.1.9 Burr removal (see 17.3),4.1.10 Certification (see Section 19),4.1.11 ASTM specification designation and yea
19、r of issue,4.1.12 End use,4.1.13 Special requirements, and4.1.14 Bar coding (see 20.3).5. Process5.1 The steel shall be made by any commercially acceptablesteel making process.5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strandcast, the steel producer shall identify the resultant transitionm
20、aterial and remove it using an established procedure thatpositively separates the grades.6. Manufacture6.1 The tubing shall be made by one of the followingprocesses: seamless; furnace-butt welding (continuous weld-ing); electric-resistance welding or submerged arc weldingfollowed by reheating throug
21、hout the cross section and hotforming by a reducing or shaping process, or both.7. Heat Analysis7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirementsspecified in Table 1 for heat analysis.8. Product Analysis8.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to therequirements specified in Table 1 for
22、product analysis.8.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made usingtest specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lotof 500 lengths, or fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolledstock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolledstock. Methods and practices relating
23、 to chemical analysis shallbe in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A751. Such product analyses shall conform to the require-ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail toconform to the specified requirements, the lot sh
24、all be rejected.8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails toconform to the specified requirements, product analyses shallbe made using two additional test specimens taken from the lot.Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specifiedrequirements or the lot shall be reje
25、cted.9. Tensile Requirements9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shallconform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribedin Table 2.9.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offsetof 0.2 % of the gauge length of the specimen or to a totalextension of 0.5 % of
26、the gauge length under load shall bedetermined.10. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test10.1 The Charpy V-notch impact test applies to Grade Bonly and wall thickness greater than 0.312 in. 8 mm.10.1.1 Charpy V-notch tests shall be made in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A37010.1.2 One Charpy V-notc
27、h impact test shall be made froma length of tubing representing each lot.10.1.3 The test results of full-size longitudinal specimensshall meet an average value of 20 ft-lb at 0 F -18 C.11. Dimensions11.1 Square Structural TubingThe outside dimensions(across the flats), the weight per foot kg/m, and
28、the calculatednominal wall thickness of common sizes of square structuraltubing included in this specification are listed in Table 3.11.2 Rectangular Structural TubingThe outside dimen-sions (across the flats), the weight per foot kg/m, and thecalculated nominal wall thickness of common sizes of rec
29、tan-gular structural tubing included in this specification are listedin Table 4.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %Grade A Grade BElementHeatanalysisProductanalysisHeatanalysisProductanalysisCarbon, max 0.26 0.30 0.22B0.26Manganese, max . . 1.40B1.45Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045 0.030 0.040Su
30、lfur, max 0.035 0.045 0.020 0.030Copper, when copper steel is specified, min 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18AWhere an ellipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no requirement.BFor each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the sp
31、ecified maximum for manganeseis permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 % by heat analysis and 1.60 % by product analysis.A501/A501M 14211.3 Round Structural TubingThe NPS DN and outsidediameter dimensions, the weight per foot kg/m, and thecalculated nominal wall thickness of common sizes of roundstructu
32、ral tubing included in this specification are listed inTable 5.11.4 Special Shape Structural TubingThe dimensions andtolerances of special shape structural tubing are available byinquiry and negotiation with the manufacturer.11.5 Other SizesThe dimensional tolerances for hot-formed welded and seamle
33、ss structural tubing manufactured inaccordance with the requirements of this specification, but withordered dimensions other than those listed in Table 3, Table 4,and Table 5, shall be consistent with those given in thisspecification for similar sizes and type of product.12. Permissible Variations i
34、n Dimensions of Square,Round, Rectangular, and Special Shape StructuralTubing12.1 Outside Dimensions:12.1.1 Round Structural TubingFor round hot-formedstructural tubing NPS 2 DN 50 and over, the outside diametershall not vary more than 61 % from the specified outsidediameter. For NPS 112 DN 40 and u
35、nder, the outsidediameter shall not vary more than164 in. 0.40 mm over ormore than132 in. 0.79 mm under the specified outsidediameter.12.1.2 Square, Rectangular, and Special Shape StructuralTubingThe outside dimensions, measured across the flats atpositions at least 2 in. 50 mm from the ends of the
36、tubing,shall not vary from the specified outside dimensions by morethan the applicable amount given in Table 6, which includes anallowance for convexity or concavity.12.2 WeightThe weight of the structural tubing shall benot more than 3.5 % under its theoretical weight, as calculatedusing its length
37、 and the applicable weight per unit length givenin Table 3, Table 4,orTable 5.12.3 LengthStructural tubing is commonly produced inrandom lengths of 16 to 22 ft. 5 to 7 m or 32 to 44 ft. 10 to14 m, in multiple lengths, and in specific lengths. Whenspecific lengths are ordered, the permissible variati
38、ons inlength shall be as given in Table 7.12.4 StraightnessThe permissible variation for straight-ness of structural tubing shall be18 in. times the number of feet10 mm times the number of metres of total length divided byfive.12.5 Squareness of SidesFor perpendicular and rectangu-lar tubing, adjace
39、nt sides shall be square (90), with a permis-sible variation of 62.12.6 Radius of CornersFor square and rectangular struc-tural tubing, the radius of each outside corner of the sectionshall not exceed three times the calculated nominal wallthickness.12.7 TwistFor square, rectangular, and special sha
40、pestructural tubing, the permissible variations in twist shall be asgiven in Table 8. Twist shall be determined by holding one endof the tubing down on a flat surface plate, measuring the heightthat each corner on the bottom side of the tubing extends abovethe surface plate near the opposite end of
41、the tubing, andcalculating the twist (the difference in the measured heights ofsuch corners), except that for heavier sections it shall bepermissible to use a suitable measuring device to determinetwist. Twist measurements shall not be taken within 2 in. 50mm of the ends of the tubing.13. Number of
42、Tests13.1 One tension test as specified in 15.2 shall be made froma length of tubing representing each lot.13.2 The term “lot” shall apply to all tubes of the samespecified size that are produced from the same heat of steel.14. Retests14.1 If the results of the mechanical tests representing anylot f
43、ail to conform to the applicable requirements specified inSections 9 and 10, the lot shall be rejected or retested usingadditional tubing of double the original number from the lot.The lot shall be acceptable if the results of all such retestsrepresenting the lot conform to the specified requirement
44、s.14.2 If one or both of the retests specified in 14.1 fail toconform to the applicable requirements specified in Sections 9and 10, the lot shall be rejected or, subsequent to the manu-facturer heat treating, reworking, or otherwise eliminating thecondition responsible for the failure, the lot shall
45、 be treated asa new lot and tested accordingly.15. Test Method15.1 Tension test specimens shall conform to the applicablerequirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370, AnnexA2.15.2 Tension test specimens shall be full-size longitudinaltest specimens or longitudinal strip test specimens. For weld
46、edtubing, any longitudinal strip test specimens shall be takenfrom a location at least 90 from the weld and shall be preparedwithout flattening in the gauge length. Longitudinal strip testspecimens shall have all burrs removed. Tension test specimensshall not contain surface imperfections that would
47、 interferewith proper determination of the tensile properties.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrade A Grade BTensile strength, min, psi MPa 58 000 400 70 000 483Yield strength, min, psi MPa 36 000 250 50 000 345Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, min, % 23 23A501/A501M 143TABLE 3 Dimensions of Common Sizes of Sq
48、uare StructuralTubingSize Given in OutsideDimensions Across FlatSides, in. mmWeight perUnit Length,lb/ft kg/mCalculated NominalWall Thickness,in. mm1 by 1 1.09 1.6 0.095 2.425 by 25 1.41 2.1 0.133 3.42 by 2 2.69 4.00 0.110 2.850 by 50 3.04 4.5 0.125 3.23.65 5.4 0.154 4.04.31 6.41 0.188 4.8212 by 212
49、 4.32 6.4 0.141 3.665 by 65 5.59 8.3 0.188 4.87.10 10.6 0.250 6.43 by 3 5.78 8.6 0.156 4.075 by 75 6.86 10.2 0.188 4.88.80 13.1 0.250 6.4312 by 312 6.88 10.2 0.156 4.090 by 90 8.14 12.1 0.188 4.810.50 15.6 0.250 6.412.69 18.9 0.312 7.94 by 4 9.31 13.9 0.188 4.8100 by 100 12.02 17.9 0.250 6.414.52 21.6 0.312 7.916.84 25.1 0.375 9.520.88 31.1 0.500 12.75 by 5 11.86 17.7 0.188 4.8130
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