ASTM A503 A503M-2015 Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts《锻制曲轴的超声波检验的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A503/A503M 01 (Reapproved 2011)A503/A503M 15Standard Specification forUltrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A503/A503M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic inspection of forged steel cranksha

3、fts having main bearing journals orcrankpins 4 in. 100 mm or larger in diameter.1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical andnoncritical areas and limits of acceptance.1.3 This specification is intended to cover bo

4、th continuous grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed dieselengines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for other applications.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within thetext and tables, the SI

5、units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the inch-pound units shall be

6、used.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Reference

7、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsE428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing2.2 American National St

8、andard:3ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 continuous grain flow crankshaftsproduced by a process in which the solidification centerline of the original ingot orstarting stock is maintained through the main bearings, webs, crankpins, and flanges of the finished crankshaft

9、, usually by meansof closed die forging.3.1.2 solid (slab) forged crankshaftsmade from open die forgings such that the grain flow in the webs is essentially parallelto the major axis of the forging and the crankpins are offset from the forging centerline by machining. They may be set in thecorrect o

10、rientation by a hot twisting operation.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is necessary that the crankshaft be identified as being either continuous grain flow or solid (slab) forged.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the

11、direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved April 1, 2011May 1, 2015. Published June 2011May 2015. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asA503/A503M 01A503/A503M (2006). 01 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0503_A0503M-01R

12、11.10.1520/A0503_A0503M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available fromAmerican National

13、Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thInstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version.

14、Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section a

15、ppears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Unless otherwise specified by means of supplementary ordering information, the test methods and acceptance criteria forthe appropriate crankshaft ty

16、pe shall be used.5. Apparatus and Personnel Requirements5.1 The apparatus and personnel requirements shall be in accordance with Practice A388/A388M. For standardization purposes,it is recommended that final acceptance be based on the use of 25 MHz transducers.6. Critical Sections6.1 The division of

17、 a crankshaft into three volumetric zones, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, for the purpose of ultrasonicexamination evaluation is applicable to both solid (slab) forged and continuous grain flow crankshafts.6.2 The major critical sections shown as Zone 1 in Fig. 1 include the heavily loaded areas of

18、the crankpins, webs, and mainbearings.6.3 The minor critical sections shown as Zone 2 in Fig. 1 include the balance of the surface areas of the main bearing andcrankpin journals and adjacent fillets, flanges, and gear fit areas.6.4 The balance of the crankshaft as shown in Fig. 1, including the rema

19、ining sections of the webs, is included in Zone 3.7. Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment on Crankshaft7.1 For solid (slab) forged crankshafts, the sensitivity of the instrument shall be adjusted so that the thickness to be examinedwill give a full-scale back reflection. Such calibrations shall be do

20、ne in an area free of interfering indications.7.2 For CGF crankshafts, 80 % of the full-scale back reflection is used when evaluating indications in accordance with Fig. 3.8. Procedure8.1 The crankshaft should be examined after heat treatment, but before machining geometric features such as chamfers

21、 and oilholes that could interfere with ultrasonic examination.8.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchase order, the scanned surfaces shall have a maximum surface roughness of 250 in.6.35 m.m where the definition for surface finish is as per Specification A788/A788M.8.3 The crankshaft shall be s

22、canned as shown in Fig. 2.9. Acceptance Criteria9.1 Acceptance Zones:9.1.1 For acceptance purposes, the crankshaft shall be divided into three zones as shown in Fig. 1.9.1.2 Because of crankshaft geometry, particularly for CGF crankshafts, the ultrasonic examination shall be carried out to themaximu

23、m extent possible.9.2 Solid Forged Crankshafts:9.2.1 In Zone 1, indications equal to or greater than 20 % of the back reflection as established in 7.1 shall be cause for rejection.FIG. 1 Crankshaft UT Acceptance ZonesA503/A503M 1529.2.2 Indications in Zone 2 equal to or greater than 50 % of the back

24、 reflection shall be cause for rejection.9.2.3 Indications in Zone 3 equal to or greater than 100 % of the back reflection shall be cause for rejection.9.2.4 Loss of back reflection in excess of 50 % in any zone, and not caused by geometric configuration, shall be recorded interms of size and locati

25、on. Normally this condition shall be cause for rejection, but it may be referred to the purchaser fordisposition.9.3 Continuous Grain Flow Crankshafts (CGF):9.3.1 Ultrasonic indications detected in CGF crankshafts shall be evaluated in accordance with Fig. 3. Indications that exceedthe appropriate z

26、one curve are cause for rejection.9.3.2 Loss of back reflection in excess of 50 % in any zone, and not attributable to geometric configuration shall be recordedin terms of percentage loss and location. Normally this condition shall be cause for rejection, but it may be referred to the purchaserfor d

27、isposition.10. Keywords10.1 contact method; continuous grain flow; crankshafts; forged steel; slab forged; ultrasonic examinationFIG. 2 Scanning DirectionsFIG. 3 Distance to Indication as Percentage of Cross-sectionA503/A503M 153SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shal

28、l apply only when specified by the purchaser in theinquiry or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by themanufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Ultrasonic Testing: Reference Block CalibrationS1.1 A distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve shall be used to provide comp

29、ensation for signal attenuation.S1.1.1 Two or more reference specimens of incremental lengths shall be used to establish the DAC curve.S1.1.2 The reference blocks shall be manufactured in accordance with Practice E428.S1.1.3 The DAC is established by placing the search unit on the reference block wi

30、th the shortest distance to the test hole andadjusting the gain control to secure a signal response of 100 % full screen. The signal peak is marked on the screen. The procedureis repeated for succeeding greater test distances without altering the gain. The DAC curve is established by connecting adjo

31、iningpeaks with a straight line.S1.1.4 The basis for rejection shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer.S2. DGS ScalesS2.1 DGS scales similar to those described in Practice A388/A388M shall be used in the examination of either solid (slab)forged or CGF crankshafts.S2.2 The accepta

32、nce curves shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A503/A503M01(2011) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2015.)(1) Added definition of sur

33、face finish by reference to Specification A788/A788M in 8.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pa

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