ASTM A534-2004 Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings《耐摩擦轴承用渗碳钢的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 534 04Standard Specification forCarburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carburi

3、z-ing bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture ofanti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1

4、ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought and Cold Finished, General RequirementsforA 255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of SteelA 304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Sub-ject to End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA 510 Specific

5、ation for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA 519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy SteelMechanical TubingA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 752 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Co

6、arse Round Wire, Alloy SteelE 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average GrainSizeE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, Oxygen, and H

7、ydrogen in Steel and in Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE 1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decar-burization of Steel Specimens2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following

8、 information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Alloy grade identification,3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and3.1.5 Supplementary requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting

9、the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and

10、 Terminology A 751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade, or to other requirements agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods A 751. Pe

11、rmissible variations inproduct analysis shall be in accordance with SpecificationA 29/A 29M, Practices, and Terminology.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances shall confor

12、m to the require-ments specified in Specifications A 29/A 29M, A 510, A 519,or A 752 as appropriate for the material or as agreed betweenmanufacturer and purchaser.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct respo

13、nsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 53401.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi

14、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit

15、ed States.6.3 The dimensional tolerances for the forgings shall con-form to the requirements of the engineering drawing.7. Quality Assurance7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensure this quality. The supplier shall

16、 be required to report onthe results of the macroetch and micro-inclusion rating testsdetailed below. Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.4 arebased upon procedures established in Test Methods E 45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-

17、in. (102 by102-mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sectionsis required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting

18、 the top and bottom of the first, middle, and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be examined and they shall represent the top andbottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at randomfrom the first usable plate poured, one ingot, a

19、t random, fromthe usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat andone ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. Whentwo usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingotsshall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where asingle usable plate constitutes a heat, a

20、ny three random ingotsmay be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreedupon by manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last usable portion of the heatcast shall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken

21、fromeach strand.7.3 Macroetch specimens or forged sections representativeof cross sections of billets shall be macroetched and rated inaccordance with Method E 381 in hydrochloric acid and water(at a ratio of 1 to 1) at 160 to 180F (71 to 82C). Suchspecimens shall not exceed S2, R2, and C2 of Method

22、 E 381.7.4 Inclusion RatingThe polished face of the specimensshall be38 by34 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken froman area halfway between the center and outside of the billet orforged sections. The polished face shall be longitudinal to thedirection of rolling. The scale used for rating the s

23、pecimensshall be the Jernkontoret chart described in Test Methods E 45,Method A, Plate I-r. Fields with sizes or numbers of all typesof inclusions intermediate between configurations shown onthe chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number.The worst field of each inclusion type from

24、each specimenshall be recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds ofall specimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or fromthe first, middle, and last portion of the strands tested, as wellas the average of all specimens, shall not exceed the ratingspecified in Table 2.8. Grain Size8.

25、1 The grain size shall be six or finer as defined in TestMethods E 112 (see Plate 4, austenitic grain size in steels).Material not meeting this requirement may be normalized at1700F (927C) or above and retested.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo Cu (max) O (m

26、ax)DAl (max). . . 4118H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.70 . . . 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4320H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.35 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 1.

27、55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4720H 0.17 - 0.23 0.45 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.60 0.85 - 1.25 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4817H 0.14 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4820H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.80 0.025

28、 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5120H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 8617H 0.14 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 8620H 0.17 - 0

29、.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 9310H 0.07 - 0.13 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 1.00 - 1.45 2.95 - 3.55 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050B20 20Cr3 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.0

30、50B21 20Cr4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B22 20MnCr4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B23 17MnCr5 0.14 - 0.19 1.00 - 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.80 - 1.10 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B24

31、19MnCr5 0.17 - 0.22 1.10 - 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.30 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B25 15CrMo4 0.12 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B26 20CrMo4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.0

32、50B27 20MnCrMo4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . 0.10 - 0.20 0.30 0.0020 0.050B28 20NiCrMo2 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 0.40 - 0.70 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B29 20NiCrMo7 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 1.60 -

33、2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050B30 18CrNiMo7-6 0.15 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.50 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.70 0.25 - 0.35 0.30 0.0020 0.050B31 18NiCrMo14-6 0.15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.30 - 1.60 3.25 - 3.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B32 16NiCrMo16-5 0.14 - 0.18 0.25 - 0

34、.55 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.40 3.80 - 4.30 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unl

35、ess specifically approved by the purchaser.CSteels B20 through B32 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E 1019.TABLE 2 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy Serie

36、sA212 A112B2 B1C12 C12D1 D1A5340429. Hardenability9.1 Each heat shall be tested for hardenability in accordancewith Test Methods A 255. The “J” values for hardenabilityshall conform to limits specified in Specification A 304 or asagreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser.10. Decarburization and Surf

37、ace Imperfections10.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Tables 3 and 4. Decarburizationshall be measured using the microscopical methods describedin Test Methods E 1077.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reason

38、able facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unle

39、ss otherwise agreed upon.12. Certification and Reports12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the t

40、imeof shipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall

41、 have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. Titanium ContentS1.1 The purchaser m

42、ay specify that the analysis of titaniumbe provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. Residual ElementsS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of tita-nium, aluminum, and/or oxygen, be provided by agreementwith the steel manufacturer. The number and location ofsamples shall be by

43、 agreement between the purchaser andmanufacturer.TABLE 3 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and RollersSize,in. (mm)Decarburization or Surface Imperfectionsper side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled orHot-Rolled AnnealedCold-Finishedthrough 0.250 (6.35) 0.005 (0.13) 0.003

44、(0.08)over 0.250 (6.35) to 0.500 (12.7), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.004 (0.10)over 0.500 (12.7) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.15)over 0.750 (19.1) to 1.000 (25.4), incl 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20)TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesDecarburization and Surface Imp

45、erfections per side, max, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm)Hot-RolledBarsAnnealed Cold-FinishedBars Tubes Bars Tubesthrough 1.000 (25.4) 0.012 (0.31) 0.015 (0.38) 0.012 (0.31) 0.012 (0.31) 0.010 (0.21)over 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl 0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.38) 0.014 (0.36)over 2

46、.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) . 0.024 (0.61)over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), incl 0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . 0.028 (0.71)A534043S3. “S

47、AM” Inclusion Rating SystemS3.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method described in Test Methods E 45, Method E, beused in addition to the micro-inclusion rating method describedin 7.4.S3.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S3.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for B-type inclusions shallnot exceed 15.

48、 The “SAM” rating for D-type inclusions shallnot exceed 10.S4. Magnetic Particle MethodS4.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particlemethod described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.4. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing steel cleanli

49、ness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S4.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S4.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Test Methods E 45.S4.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket into which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in. in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspeci