ASTM A534-2009 Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings《耐摩轴承用渗碳钢的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A534 09Standard Specification forCarburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carburiz-i

3、ng bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture ofanti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses a

4、re mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Stee

5、lA304 Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Bars Subjectto End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy SteelMechanical TubingA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Termi

6、nology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA752 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy SteelE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Bil

7、lets,Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 683 Part 17

8、: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Alloy grade identification,3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and3.1.5 Supplementary requiremen

9、ts.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be sp

10、ecified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade, or to other requirements agreed

11、 uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A29/A29M, Practices, and Ter-minology.6. Dimensions, Mass, and

12、 Permissible Variations6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances shall conform to the require-ments specified in Specifications A29/A29M, A510, A519,or1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on

13、 Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A534 04. DOI:10.1520/A0534-09.2For referenced ASTM

14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela

15、Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A752 as appropriate for the material or

16、 as agreed betweenmanufacturer and purchaser.6.3 The dimensional tolerances for the forgings shall con-form to the requirements of the engineering drawing.7. Quality Assurance7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensu

17、re this quality. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based uponprocedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be o

18、btained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by102-mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sectionsis required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six

19、 samplesrepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle, and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be examined and they shall represent the top andbottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at randomfrom the first usable plate

20、poured, one ingot, at random, fromthe usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat andone ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. Whentwo usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingotsshall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where asingle usable plate c

21、onstitutes a heat, any three random ingotsmay be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreedupon by manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last usable portion of the heatcast shall be examined.At least one sam

22、ple shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingThe polished face of the specimensshall be38 by34 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken froman area halfway between the center and outside of the billet orforged sections. The polished face shall be longitudinal to thedirection of rolling. The

23、 scale used for rating the specimensshall be the Jernkontoret chart described in Test Methods E45,Method A, Plate I-r. Fields with sizes or numbers of all typesof inclusions intermediate between configurations shown onthe chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number.The worst field o

24、f each inclusion type from each specimenshall be recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds ofall specimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or fromthe first, middle, and last portion of the strands tested, as wellas the average of all specimens, shall not exceed the ratingspecified

25、 in Table 2.8. Grain Size8.1 The grain size shall be six or finer as defined in TestMethods E112 (see Plate 4, austenitic grain size in steels).Material not meeting this requirement may be normalized at1700F (927C) or above and retested.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max) S (max)

26、 Si Cr Ni Mo Cu (max) O (max)DAl (max). . . 4118H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.70 . . . 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4320H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.35 - 0.75 0.025

27、0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4720H 0.17 - 0.23 0.45 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.60 0.85 - 1.25 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4817H 0.14 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4820H 0.1

28、7 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5120H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 8617H 0.14 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020

29、 0.050. . . 8620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 9310H 0.07 - 0.13 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 1.00 - 1.45 2.95 - 3.55 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050B20 20Cr3 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.60 - 1.00 .

30、 . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B21 20Cr4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B22 20MnCr4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B23 17MnCr5 0.14 - 0.19 1.00 - 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.80 - 1.10 . . . .

31、 . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B24 19MnCr5 0.17 - 0.22 1.10 - 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.30 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B25 15CrMo4 0.12 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B26 20CrMo4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0

32、.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B27 20MnCrMo4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . 0.10 - 0.20 0.30 0.0020 0.050B28 20NiCrMo2 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 0.40 - 0.70 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B29 20NiCrMo7 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.

33、40 max 0.35 - 0.65 1.60 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050B30 18CrNiMo7-6 0.15 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.50 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.70 0.25 - 0.35 0.30 0.0020 0.050B31 18NiCrMo14-6 0.15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.30 - 1.60 3.25 - 3.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050B32 16NiCrM

34、o16-5 0.14 - 0.18 0.25 - 0.55 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.40 3.80 - 4.30 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape con

35、trol are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.CSteels B20 through B32 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.TABLE 2 Inclusion RatingRating Uni

36、tsThin Series Heavy SeriesA212 A112B2 B1C12 C12D1 D1A534 0929. Hardenability9.1 Each heat shall be tested for hardenability in accordancewith Test MethodsA255. The “J” values for hardenability shallconform to limits specified in Specification A304 or as agreedupon by manufacturer and purchaser.10. D

37、ecarburization and Surface Imperfections10.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Tables 3 and 4. Decarburizationshall be measured using the microscopical methods describedin Test Methods E1077.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchase

38、rs inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the pla

39、ce of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed upon.12. Certification and Reports12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of the test results, shall

40、 be furnished at the timeof shipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplemen

41、tary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. Titanium Conte

42、ntS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of titaniumbe provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. Residual ElementsS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of tita-nium, aluminum, and/or oxygen, be provided by agreementwith the steel manufacturer. The number and location

43、 ofsamples shall be by agreement between the purchaser andmanufacturer.TABLE 3 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and RollersSize,in. (mm)Decarburization or Surface Imperfectionsper side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled orHot-Rolled AnnealedCold-Finishedthrough 0.250 (6.3

44、5) 0.005 (0.13) 0.003 (0.08)over 0.250 (6.35) to 0.500 (12.7), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.004 (0.10)over 0.500 (12.7) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.15)over 0.750 (19.1) to 1.000 (25.4), incl 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20)TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesDecarburi

45、zation and Surface Imperfections per side, max, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm)Hot-RolledBarsAnnealed Cold-FinishedBars Tubes Bars Tubesthrough 1.000 (25.4) 0.012 (0.31) 0.015 (0.38) 0.012 (0.31) 0.012 (0.31) 0.010 (0.21)over 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl 0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.

46、38) 0.014 (0.36)over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) . 0.024 (0.61)over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), incl 0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . 0.0

47、28 (0.71)A534 093S3. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS3.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method described in Test Methods E45, Method E, beused in addition to the micro-inclusion rating method describedin 7.3.S3.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S3.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for B-type inclusio

48、ns shallnot exceed 15. The “SAM” rating for D-type inclusions shallnot exceed 10.S4. Magnetic Particle MethodS4.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particlemethod described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.3. The magnetic particlemethod measures

49、 bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S4.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S4.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Test Methods E45.S4.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket into which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in. in length. The sum of a