ASTM A536-1984(2004)e1 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings.pdf

1、Designation: A 536 84 (Reapproved 2004)1Standard Specification forDuctile Iron Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 536; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEKeywords editorially updated.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers c

3、astings made of ductile iron,also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described ascast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape andessentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined inTerminology A 644.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the s

4、tandard.1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the samecasting or between the properties of castings and those of a testspecimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test

5、 Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 644 Terminology Relating to Iron CastingsA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment,Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesE8 Test Methods for Tension Tes

6、ting of Metallic Materials2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:3.1.1 ASTM designation,3.1.2 Grade of ductile iron required (see Table 1, andSections 4 and 9),3.1.

7、3 Special properties, if required (see Section 7),3.1.4 If a different number of samples are required (seeSection 10),3.1.5 Certification, if required (see Section 14), and3.1.6 Special preparation for delivery, if required (see Sec-tion 15).4. Tensile Requirements4.1 The iron represented by the tes

8、t specimens shall con-form to the requirements as to tensile properties presented inTables 1 and 2. The irons listed in Table 1 cover those ingeneral use, while those listed in Table 2 are used for specialapplications (such as pipes, fittings, etc.).4.2 The yield strength shall be determined at 0.2

9、% offset bythe offset method (see Test Methods E8). Other methods maybe used by mutual consent of the manufacturer and purchaser.5. Heat Treatment5.1 The 60-40-18 grade will normally require a full ferritiz-ing anneal. The 120-90-02 and the 100-70-03 grades generallyrequire a quench and temper or a

10、normalize and temper, or anisothermal heat treatment. The other two grades can be meteither as-cast or by heat treatment. Ductile iron, which is heattreated by quenching to martensite and tempering, may havesubstantially lower fatigue strength than as-cast material of thesame hardness.6. Test Coupon

11、s6.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the tensiontest specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shapeshown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. A modified keel block cast from themold shown in Fig. 3 may be substituted for the 1-in. Y-blockor the 1-in. keel block. The test coupons shall be cas

12、t in openmolds made of suitable core sand having a minimum wallthickness of 112 in. (38 mm) for the12-in. (12.5 mm) and 1-in.(25-mm) sizes and 3 in. (75 mm) for the 3-in. size. Thecoupons shall be left in the mold until they have cooled to ablack color (approximately 900F (482C) or less). The size o

13、f1This specification is under the jurisdiction of theASTM CommitteeA04 onIronCastings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable andDuctile Iron Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved

14、 in 1999 as A 536 84 (1999)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization

15、Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50981Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.coupon cast to represent the casting shall be at the option of thepurchaser. In case no opt

16、ion is expressed, the manufacturershall make the choice.6.2 When investment castings are made to this specification,the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-rated in the mold with the castings, or separately cast to sizeusing the same type of mold and the same thermal conditionst

17、hat are used to produce the castings. These test specimensshall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specifica-tion A 732/A 732M or Figs. 5 and 6 of Test Methods andDefinitions A 370.6.3 The manufacturer may use separately cast test couponsor test specimens cut from castings when castings ma

18、de to thisspecification are nodularized or inoculated in the mold. Sepa-rately cast test coupons shall have a chemistry that is repre-sentative of castings produced from the ladle poured and acooling rate equivalent to that obtained with the test moldsshown in Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 4-6,orAppendix X2.

19、 The size(cooling rate) of the coupon chosen to represent the castingshould be decided by the purchaser. If test coupon size is notspecified, the manufacturer shall make the choice. When testbars will be cut from castings, test bar location shall be agreedon by the purchaser and manufacturer and ind

20、icated on thecasting drawing. The manufacturer shall maintain sufficientcontrols and control documentation to assure the purchaser thatproperties determined from test coupons or test bars arerepresentative of castings shipped.6.4 The test coupons shall be poured from the same ladle orheat as the cas

21、tings they represent.6.5 Test coupons shall be subjected to the same thermaltreatment as the castings they represent.7. Special Requirements7.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,castings shall meet special requirements as to hardness, chemi-cal composition, microstructure, pressure ti

22、ghtness, radio-graphic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions,and surface finish.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade60-40-18Grade65-45-12Grade80-55-06Grade100-70-03Grade120-90-02Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 65 000 80 000 100 000 120 000Tensile strength, min, MPa 414 448 552 689 827Yie

23、ld strength, min, psi 40 000 45 000 55 000 70 000 90 000Yield strength, min, MPa 276 310 379 483 621Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 18 12 6.0 3.0 2.0TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements for Special ApplicationsGrade60-42-10Grade70-50-05Grade80-60-03Tensile strength, min, psiTensile strength, min, MPa60

24、 00041570 00048580 000555Yield strength, min, psiYield strength, min, MPa42 00029050 00034560 000415Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm,min, %10 5 3Metric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm12112.725.411221238.163.5NOTEThe length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).FIG. 1 Keel Block for Test CouponsDimen-sions“

25、Y” Block SizeFor Castingsof ThicknessLess Than12 in.(13 mm)For Castingsof Thickness12 in.(13 mm) to112 in.(38 mm)For Castingsof Thicknessof 112 in.(38 mm)and Overin. mm in. mm in. mmA12 13 1 25 3 75B158 40 218 54 5 125C 2 50 3 75 4 100D 4 100 6 150 8 200E 7 175 7 175 7 175approx approx approx approx

26、 approx approxFIG. 2 Y-Blocks for Test CouponsA 536 84 (2004)12FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel BlockFIG. 4 Sectioning Procedure for Y-BlocksA 536 84 (2004)138. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The castings shall be smooth, free of injurious defects,and shall conform substantially to the dimensio

27、ns of thedrawing or pattern supplied by the purchaser.8.2 Castings shall not have chilled corners or center chill inareas to be machined.9. Chemical Requirements9.1 It is the intent of this specification to subordinatechemical composition to mechanical properties; however, anychemical requirements m

28、ay be specified by agreement betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 The number of representative coupons poured andtested shall be established by the manufacturer, unless other-wise agreed upon with the purchaser.10.2 In the case of the Y-block, the section sha

29、ll be cut fromthe block as shown in Fig. 4. If any tension test specimenshows obvious defects, another may be cut from the same testblock or from another test block representing the same metal.11. Tension Test Specimen11.1 The standard round tension test specimen with a 2-in.or 50-mm gage length sho

30、wn in Fig. 5 shall be used, exceptwhen the -in. (12.7-mm)Y-block coupon is used. In this case,either of the test specimens shown in Fig. 6 shall be satisfac-tory.12. Responsibility for Inspection12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the supplier is responsible for the per

31、formance of allinspection requirements as specified herein. Except as other-wise specified in the contract or order, the supplier may use hisown or any other facilities suitable for the performance of theinspection requirements specified herein, unless disapprovedby the purchaser. The purchaser rese

32、rves the right to performany of the inspections set forth in the specification where suchinspections are deemed necessary to assure supplies andservices conform to prescribed requirements.13. Identification Marking13.1 When size permits, each casting shall be identified bythe part or pattern number

33、in raised numerals. Location ofmarking shall be as shown on the applicable drawing.14. Certification14.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and theseller, a certification shall be made the basis of acceptance ofthe material. This shall consist of a copy of the manufacturerstest report or a

34、 statement by the seller, accompanied by a copyof the test results, that the material has been sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with provisions of this specifica-tion. Each certification so furnished shall be signed by anauthorized agent of the seller or manufacturer.15. Preparation for D

35、elivery15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, cleaning, drying, preservation, and packaging of castingshall be in accordance with manufacturers commercial prac-tice. Packing and marking shall also be adequate to ensureacceptance and safe delivery by the carrier for the mod

36、e oftransportation employed.15.2 Government ProcurementWhen specified in the con-tract or purchase order marking for shipment shall be inaccordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-129.16. Keywords16.1 casting; ductile iron; nodular iron; spheroidal graphiteMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.13

37、0.50 12.70.10 2.5 2 50.818 3.238 9.5 214 57.2NOTEThe gage length and fillets shall be as shown but the ends maybe of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way thatthe load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper fromthe ends toward the center, with the

38、ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. (0.08 to 0.13mm) larger in diameter than the center.FIG. 5 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. or50-mm Gage LengthMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.13 1.0 25.40.007 0.18 114 31.80.252 6.40 1.4 35.60.357 9.07 134 44.4NOTEIf desired, the length of the reduced s

39、ection may be increased toaccommodate an extensometer.FIG. 6 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional toStandard12-in. (12.7-mm) Round SpecimenA 536 84 (2004)14APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGSX1.1 The mechanical properties of iron castings are influ-ence

40、d by the cooling rate during and after solidification, bychemical composition, by heat treatment, by the design andnature of the mold, by the location and effectiveness of gatesand risers, and by certain other factors.X1.2 The cooling rate in the mold and, therefore, theproperties developed in any p

41、articular section are influenced bythe presence of cores, chills and chaplets, changes in sectionthickness, and the existence of bosses, projections, and inter-sections, such as junctions of ribs and bosses. Because of theinteractions of these factors, no precise quantitative relation-ship can be st

42、ated between the properties of the iron in variouslocations of the same casting or between the properties of acasting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron.When such a relationship is important and must be known fora specific application, it may be more closely ascertained byappropria

43、te experimentation.X1.3 When reliable information is unavailable on therelationship between properties in a casting and those in aseparately cast test specimen, and where experimentationwould be unfeasible, the size of the test casting should be soselected as to approximate the cooling rate of the m

44、ain orcontrolling section of the casting.X2. Y-BLOCK SELECTIONX2.1 As a general guide for selection of the properY-block,the tabulation in Table X2.1, based on cooling rates, shows, forvarious test coupons, the equivalent geometric shapes withvarious dimensions.A 536 84 (2004)15ASTM International ta

45、kes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own r

46、esponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addre

47、ssed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at t

48、he address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (p

49、hone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X2.1 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Correspondingto Y-BlocksY-Block Size,in. (mm)Infinite PlateThickness, in. (mm)Round Diameter, in.(mm)Cube Edge, in. (mm)12 (12.7) 0.5 (12.7) 1.2 (30.5) 1.75 (44.4)1 (25.4) 0.9 (22.9) 1.75 (44.4) 2.75 (69.8)3 (76.2) 1.6 (40.6) 3.1 (78.7) 4.8 (121.9)A 536 84 (2004)16