ASTM A579 A579M-2004a Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings.pdf

1、Designation: A 579/A 579M 04aStandard Specification forSuperstrength Alloy Steel Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 579/A 579M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steelshapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yieldstrengths in ex

3、cess of 140 ksi 965 MPa.1.2 This specification is not intended for applications lim-ited by creep deformation.1.3 Twenty-seven grades are covered by this specification.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, andmechanical properties required.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided

4、 for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)units are to be regarded separately as standards. Within the textand tables, the SI units are shown in br

5、ackets. The values ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of each other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thespecification.1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the mater

6、ial shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of SteelA 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA

7、388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-mentsE3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Incl

8、usion Contentof SteelE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788, the purchaser shall include with theinquiry and order

9、 a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,

10、certifica-tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementaryrequirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirementsof this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made

11、 in accordance with the MeltingProcess Section of Specification A 788. A sufficient discardshall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipe and unduesegregation.4.2 The material shall be forged as close as practical to thespecified shape and size.4.3 The finished product shall be a hot-worked for

12、ging asdefined by Specification A 788.4.4 Heat Treatment Performed by Forging SupplierForgings may be furnished in one of the following conditionsas specified in the inquiry and purchase order (some conditionsare not applicable to all grades):4.4.1 Stress relieved,4.4.2 Annealed,4.4.3 Solution treat

13、ed,4.4.4 Solution treated and aged,4.4.5 Normalized,4.4.6 Normalized and tempered, or4.4.7 Quenched and tempered.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings an

14、d Billets.Current edition approved September 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 579 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS

15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.5 Heat Treatment Perf

16、ormed by PurchaserWhen finalheat treatment is to be performed by the purchaser aftermachining or fabrication, or both, a capability heat treatmentduplicating the purchasers final heat treatment must be per-formed by the supplier on representative samples (see 6.3)toqualify the forgings. The results

17、of these capability tests shallconform to the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2. See alsoTable 3.5. Chemical Requirements Chemical Requirements5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with SpecificationA 788 shall comply withTable 4.5.2 Product AnalysisThe product a

18、nalysis provisions ofSpecification A 788 may be used by the purchaser.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical propertiesspecified in Table 1, when ordered to 4.4.4 or 4.4.7. For theother heat treatments specified in 4.4, the provisions of 4.5apply.6.2 Tension tests a

19、re required for all material ordered to thisspecification. However, room-temperature Charpy V-notch im-pact tests are required only for those grades which haveminimum impact strength requirements listed in Table 2.6.3 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the latestissue of Test Methods and De

20、finitions A 370. The largestobtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methodsand Definitions A 370 shall be used. Impact specimens shall bethe standard size, Charpy V-notch, as shown in the figure forTABLE 1 Minimum Tension Test RequirementsGrade Yield Strength(0.2 % offset),ksi MPaTensi

21、le Strength,ksi MPaElongationA,%Reductionof AreaA,%Quench and Tempered13, 21, 22, 23, 12, 12a 140 965 150 1035 13 4013, 21, 22, 23, 11 160 1100 175 1210 12 3613, 21, 22, 23, 31 180 1240B190 1310 10 3213, 21, 22, 23 200 1380B210 1450 9 2822C, 23, 32, 33 225 1550B250 1720 6 25Air Hardening41 200 1380B

22、260 1790 9 3041 225 1550B280 1930 8 25Martensitic Stainless51, 52, 53 140 965 175 1210 12 4552 160 1100 220 1520 10 40No. 1 Precipitation Hardening Stainless61 140 965 165 1140 12 5061 160 1100 180 1240 10 4561 180 1240B200 1380 8 40No. 2 Precipitation Hardening Stainless64 140 965 165(1140 12 2564

23、160 1100 185 1275 10 2564 180 1240B210 1450 10 25No. 3 Precipitation Hardening Stainless62 140 965 165 1140 6 2562, 63 160 1100 180 1240 6 2563 180 1240B200 1380 6 2563 200 1380B225 1550 5 25Maraging Steels74 160 1100 170 1170 15 6575 180 1240B190 1310 14 6071 200 1380B210 1450 12 5572 250 1720B255

24、1760 10 4573 275 1895B280 1930 9 40Miscellaneous81 180 1240D190 1310 13 4582 200 1380D210 1450 10 3083D225 1550D260 1790 7 2083E250 1720D280 1930 4 1584 180 1240D185 1275 14 45ASee Note in Table 3.BVacuum melting normally required to achieve list properties.CBy agreement.DBainitic.EMartensitic.A 579

25、/A 579M 04a2the Charpy (Simple-Beam) Impact Test of Test Methods andDefinitions A 370. The use of subsize impact specimensrequires prior purchaser approval.6.4 The longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallelto the direction of major working of the forging. For upset-discforgings, the longit

26、udinal axis of the test specimen shall be inthe tangential direction.6.4.1 The longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be locatedmidway between the parallel surfaces of the test extension ifadded to the periphery of disks or midway between the centerand surface of solid forgings. For hollow forgings

27、, the longi-tudinal axis of the specimens shall be located midway betweenthe center and outer surfaces of the wall. When separatelyforged test blocks are employed as defined in 6.4.3, the tensiontest specimens shall be taken from a location which representsthe midwall of the heaviest section of the

28、production forgings.When specimens are required from opposite ends, they shall betaken from the diagonal corners of an axial plane.6.4.2 Except as specified herein, tests for acceptance shallbe made after heat treatment has been completed.6.4.3 When mutually agreed upon between manufacturerand purch

29、aser, test specimens may be machined from aspecially forged block suitably worked and heat treated withthe production forgings. Such a special block shall be obtainedfrom an ingot, slab, or billet from the same heat used to makethe forgings it represents. This block shall receive essentiallythe same

30、 type of hot working and forging reduction as theproduction forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar withdimensions not less than T by T by 3T may be used to representa ring forging. The dimension T shall be representative of theheaviest effective cross section of the forging. For quenchedand

31、tempered forgings for which tests are required at both endsby 6.5.2.3 and 6.5.2.4, separately forged test blocks are notallowed.NOTE 1In using separately forged test blocks, attention is drawn tothe effect of mass differences between the production forgings and the testblocks.6.5 Specific Requiremen

32、tsThe number and location oftests are based on forging length, weight, and heat treatment,and shall be as prescribed below. The length and weight to beused for this purpose shall be the shipped length and weight offorgings produced individually or the aggregate shipped lengthand weight of all pieces

33、 cut from a multiple forging.6.5.1 Stress Relieved, Annealed Solution, Treated, SolutionTreated and Aged, Normal or Normalized, and TemperedForgings:6.5.1.1 For forgings weighing 5000 lb 2250 kg or less atthe time of heat treatment, one tension test shall be taken fromone forging per heat in each he

34、at-treatment charge. When heattreatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces with suit-able temperature controls and equipped with recording pyrom-eters so that complete heat-treatment records are available, atempering charge may be considered as any continuous run notexceeding an 8-h period.6.5

35、.1.2 For forgings and forged bars weighing over 5000 lb2250 kg at the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall betaken from each forging.6.5.2 Quenched and Tempered Forgings:6.5.2.1 For quenched and tempered forgings weighing 5000lb 2250 kg or less at the time of heat treatment, but notexceedi

36、ng 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall beTABLE 2 Minimum Room-Temperature Charpy V-Notch Energy AbsorptionAfor Respective Yield Strength Classes, ftlbf JGrade Yield Strength Class, ksi MPa1409651601100180B1240200B1380225B1550250B1720275B190011 . 4560 . . . . .12,12a 5070 . . . . . .13 20 2

37、5 10 15C. . . .21 35 45 30 40 20 25 15 20 . . . . . . . . .22 30 40 25 35 20 25 15 20 . . . . . . . . .23 35 45 25 35 20 25 15 20 10 15 . . . . . .31 . . 2535 . . . .32 . . . . 1217 . .33 . . . . 1520 . .41 . . . 1520C. .51 1520 . . . . . .52CC. . . . .53C. . . . . .61 25 35 . . .C. . . .62CC. . . .

38、 .63CCC. . . .64 25 35 15 20 15 20 . . . . . . . . . . . .71 . . . 3545 . . .72 . . . . . 2025 .73 . . . . . . 152074 . 6080 5070 . . . .81 . . 2535 . . . .82 . . . 2025 . . .83 . . . . 1520 1015 .84 . . 2535 . . . .ASee Note in Table 3.BVacuum melting may be required to achieve listed properties.CB

39、y agreement.A 579/A 579M 04a3taken from one forging per heat in each heat-treatment charge.When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaceswith suitable temperature controls and equipped with recordingpyrometers so that complete heat treatment records are avail-able, a tempering charge m

40、ay be considered as any continuousrun not exceeding an 8-h period.6.5.2.2 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged barsweighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg to 10 000 lb 4500 kg at thetime of heat treatment, but not exceeding 12 ft 3.7 m inlength, one tension test shall be taken from each forging.6.5.2

41、.3 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged barsthat exceed 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall betaken from each end of each forging.6.5.2.4 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged barsweighing more than 10 000 lb 4500 kg at the time of heattreatment, two tension tests shall be

42、 taken from each forging.These shall be offset 180 from each other except that when thelength, excluding test prolongations, exceeds three times thediameter or equivalent thickness, one test shall be taken fromeach end of the forging and shall be oriented 180 apart. In thecase of circular forgings,

43、the diameter is the largest diameter ofthe forging, excluding flanges. For other configurations, theterm equivalent thickness is the maximum diagonal or majoraxis of the cross-section.7. Nondestructive Test Requirements7.1 GeneralThe forgings shall be free from cracks,seams, laps, shrinkage, and oth

44、er injurious discontinuities.7.2 Magnetic Particle InspectionAll ferromagnetic forg-ings produced to this specification shall be subject to magneticparticle inspection in accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M by the supplier, unless otherwise specified.7.2.1 The purchaser may specify Supplementar

45、y Require-ment S18 from Specification A 788 for acceptance criteria.7.3 Liquid Penetrant InspectionAll nonmagnetic forgingsproduced to this specification shall be subject to liquid pen-etrant inspection in accordance with Test Method E 165, unlessotherwise specified.7.3.1 The purchaser may specify S

46、upplementary Require-ment S19 from Specification A 788 for acceptance criteria.7.4 Ultrasonic InspectionAll forgings produced to thisspecification shall be subject to ultrasonic inspection in accor-dance with PracticeA 388/A 388M, unless otherwise specified.7.4.1 The purchaser may specify Supplement

47、ary Require-ment S20 from Specification A 788 for acceptance criteria.8. Repair Welding8.1 Repair welding of forgings is permissible only at optionof the purchaser.9. Product Marking9.1 When die stamping is not permitted by the purchaser,electric pencil marking or electroetching may be used.10. Keyw

48、ords10.1 alloy steel forgings; superstrengthTABLE 3 Material, Maximum Annealed Hardness (HB), and Section Size Capability in Inches mm forRespective Yield Strength ClassesNOTETables 1-3 show grades and maximum section sizes in which the indicated yield strength levels can usually be achieved at a 1/

49、4 thickness depthin the direction of maximum working. Because of variations in forging configuration and processing it does not follow that the ductility and impactstrengths listed in Table 1 and Table 2 can always be obtained at these depths. The properties listed are minimums, unless otherwise agreed by purchaserand manufacturer.Grade Ma