ASTM A686-1992(2016) Standard Specification for Tool Steel Carbon《碳素工具钢的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A686 92 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forTool Steel, Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, andphysica

3、l requirements for available wrought carbon tool steelproducts.1.2 These products, which include hot- or cold-finished bar,plate, sheet, rod, wire, or forgings, are normally fabricated intotools, dies, or fixtures. The selection of a material for aparticular application will depend upon design, serv

4、iceconditions, and desired properties.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370

5、 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA561 Practice for Macroetch Testing of Tool Steel BarsA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentE3 Guide for Preparation of M

6、etallographic SpecimensE30 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)3E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)32.2 Mi

7、litary Standard:4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage2.3 Federal Standards:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Ironand Steel Products3. Classification3.1 Material in accordance with this spec

8、ification is classi-fied by chemical composition. Types correspond to respectiveAISI designations.3.1.1 Carbon Tool Steels, Identification WTypes W1, W2,and W5 are often referred to as water hardening tool steelssince they require rapid quenching rates to attain the necessaryhardness. Except in very

9、 small sizes they will harden with ahard case and a soft core.3.1.1.1 Type W1 is an unalloyed carbon steel available inseveral carbon ranges.3.1.1.2 Type W2 is characterized by a nominal vanadiumcontent of 0.25 % and is also available in several carbonranges.3.1.1.3 Type W5 is characterized by a nom

10、inal chromiumcontent of 0.50 %.3.1.1.4 A suffix following the type designation is added todenote the minimum carbon content of the carbon range to bespecified.3.1.2 Types W1 and W2 are further classified by qualitylevels, namely, Grade A and Grade C.3.1.2.1 GradeAis sometimes referred to as Extra or

11、 Special.It is controlled for hardenability; the chemical composition isheld to closest limits; and it is subject to rigid tests to ensureuniformity. Grade A is available with three degrees ofhardenability, namely, shallow hardening, regular hardening,and deep hardening.3.1.2.2 Grade C is sometimes

12、referred to as Regular orStandard. It is intended for applications that do not requirecontrolled hardenability and where some latitude in uniformityis permissible.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct respons

13、ibility of SubcommitteeA01.29 on Tool Steels.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A686 92 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/A0686-92R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robb

15、ins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, as require

16、d to describe adequatelythe desired material:4.1.1 Class of material (carbon tool steel),4.1.2 Type (W1, W2, W5),4.1.3 Suffix denoting carbon range (where applicable, suchas W19, W210, etc.),4.1.4 Grade and hardenability (where applicable, forexample, Grade A deep hardening, and so forth),4.1.5 Shap

17、e (sheet, plate, flat bar, round bar, square bar,hexagon bar, octagon, special shapes),4.1.6 Dimensions (thickness, width, diameter, length),4.1.7 Finish (hot rolled, forged, blasted or pickled, colddrawn, machined, ground, precision ground and polished),4.1.8 Condition (annealed, unannealed, harden

18、ed andtempered, and so forth),4.1.9 ASTM specification number and date of issue, and4.1.10 Special requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Unless otherwise specified, material covered by thisspecification shall be made by an electric melting process. Itshall be made from ingots that have been r

19、educed in crosssection in such a manner and to such a degree as to ensureproper refinement of the ingot structure.6. Chemical Composition6.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentage of the elementsspecified and these values shall conform to the c

20、hemicalcomposition specified in Table 1. If requested or required, thechemical composition shall be reported to the purchaser or hisrepresentative.6.2 Analysis may be made by the purchaser from finishedbars and forgings by machining off the entire cross section anddrilling parallel to the axis of th

21、e bar or forging at any pointmidway between the center and surface in accordance with thelatest issue of Practice E59. The chemical analysis of thedrilling chips shall be made in accordance with the latest issueof Test Methods E30. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall not vary from the li

22、mits specified in Table 1.7. Hardness Properties7.1 Annealed hardness values shall be obtained in accor-dance with the latest issue of Test Methods and DefinitionsA370, and shall not exceed the Brinell hardness values (orequivalent Rockwell hardness values) specified in Table 2.7.2 Specimens for det

23、ermination of minimum response tohardening shall be -in. (6.4-mm) thick disks cut so as torepresent either the full cross-sectional area or that midwaybetween the center and outer surface of the material. If thematerial form or size does not lend itself to accurate hardnessdetermination on -in. (6.4

24、-mm) thick cross-sectional disks,then longitudinal specimens may be used for hardness testing.Examples are round bars less than12 in. (12.7 mm) in diameteror sheet. In this case, the specimen shall be a minimum of 3 in.(76.2 mm) in length and parallel flats shall be ground on theoriginal mill surfac

25、es. The specimens shall be heat treated asprescribed in Table 3.7.2.1 The hardness of the specimen after the specified heattreatment shall meet the minimum hardness value for theparticular type of steel shown in Table 3. Rockwell C testsshould be used where possible but light load tests may benecess

26、ary on thin specimens.These tests should be specified byagreement between seller and purchaser. The hardness valueshall be obtained in accordance with the latest issue of TestMethods and Definitions A370, and shall be the average of atleast five readings taken in an area midway between the centerand

27、 surface of the largest dimension of the cross-sectionalspecimen or along the parallel surfaces of the longitudinalspecimen. The surface to be tested shall be ground sufficientlyto remove any surface condition, scale, carburization, ordecarburization which might affect readings.TABLE 1 Chemical Comp

28、osition, %AUNSDesig-nationType GradeCarbonMan-ganeseSiliconPhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxChromium VanadiumTung-sten,maxMolyb-denum,maxCopper,maxNickel,maxmin max min max min max min max min maxT72301 W1 ABB0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.15 . . . 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72301 W1 CBB0.10 0.40 0.1

29、0 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.30 . . . 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72302 W2 ACC0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72302 W2 CCC0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.30 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20T72305 W5 . 1.05 1.15 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.40 0.60 . . .

30、0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.20AChemistry limits include product analysis tolerances.BThe carbon ranges for W1 and their respective suffix identification, sometimes referred to as tempers, are as follows:Suffix Carbon Range, % Suffix Carbon Range, %8 0.800.90 10 1.001.10812 0.850.95 1012 1.051.159 0.901.00

31、 11 1.101.20912 0.951.05 1112 1.151.25CThe carbon ranges for W2 and their respective suffix identification are as follows:Suffix Carbon Range, %812 0.850.959 0.901.00912 0.951.1013 1.301.50A686 92 (2016)27.2.2 Hardness penetration and fracture grain size for GradeA shall be determined on test pieces

32、 of34 in. (19.1 mm)diameter and 3 in. (76.2 mm) length. Two pieces for each testshall be given a preliminary treatment by heating uniformly to1600 6 10F (871 6 5C) and holding at temperature for40 min, then quenching in oil. One piece shall be reheated to1450 6 10F (788 6 5C) and the other to 1550 6

33、 10F(843 6 5C). Each piece shall be held in the furnace at therespective temperature for 30 min and then quenched in brine(5 to 10 % sodium chloride solution). The pieces shall benicked with an abrasive wheel in the center of the length andfractured. The fracture face of one portion of each broken t

34、estpiece shall be ground smooth and etched in1+1muriatic acidat 165F (74C) for measurement of the depth of penetration tobe expressed in 64ths of an inch. The fracture grain size shallbe determined on the remaining portion of each broken testpiece by comparison of the fracture surface of the hardene

35、dcase with the Shepherd Fracture Grain Size Standards.5Thesestandards consist of ten pieces of steel with fracture facesrepresenting graduated grain sizes from the coarsest (No. 1) tothe finest (No. 10). The fracture grain size is estimated to thenearest quarter number. The hardness penetration and

36、fracturegrain size for Grade A shall meet the requirements shown inTable 3.8. Macrostructure8.1 The macrostructure of a specimen representing theentire cross-sectional area in the annealed condition shall beprepared in accordance with the latest issue of Practice A561.It shall exhibit a structure fr

37、ee of excessive porosity,segregation, slag, dirt or other nonmetallic inclusions, pipes,checks, cracks, and other injurious defects.8.2 Macroetch severity levels for center porosity and ingotpattern, illustrated photographically in Practice A561, shall notexceed the ratings specification in Table 4

38、for the appropriatematerial size and composition. More stringent requirements areavailable by agreement between seller and purchaser.9. Decarburization9.1 Decarburization shall be determined on a specimenrepresenting a cross section of the material and prepared inaccordance with the latest issue of

39、Guide E3. When examinedat 20 or greater magnification it shall not exceed the valuesgiven in Tables 5-9 for the appropriate size and shape ofmaterial. Lower limits of decarburization may be specified byagreement between the seller and purchaser.9.2 Material ordered as ground and polished or groundfi

40、nished or machine finished shall be free of scale anddecarburization.10. Permissible Variations for Dimensions10.1 Permissible variations for dimensions shall not exceedthe applicable limits stated in Table 6, and Tables 10-22 andNote 1.NOTE 1Unmachined tool steel forgings are furnished to size ands

41、urface allowances for machining and tolerances over allowances. Expe-rience indicates that the allowances and tolerances in the tabulation beloware satisfactory for many applications. When width and thickness differ,each dimension carries its individual allowance and tolerance in accor-dance with th

42、e tabulation: also, the ID and OD take their respectiveallowances and tolerances. When forgings are ordered, the purchasershould state whether the sizes are the forged or the finished sizes. Theminimum sizes ordered for forgings should be the finished sizes plusallowances for machining; and the orde

43、red forged sizes are subject toapplicable tolerances10.2 Out-of-round tolerances for round bars shall be onehalf the permissible dimensional variations stated in Table 6,Table 10, Table 12, Table 14, Table 15, and Table 17.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 All carbon tool steels shall be f

44、ree of heavy scale, deeppitting, laps, porosity, injurious segregations, excessive non-metallic inclusions, seams, cracks, checks, slivers, scale marks,dents, soft and hard spots, pipes, or any defects that woulddetrimentally affect the suitability of the material after removalof the recommended sto

45、ck allowance.12. Sampling12.1 Each particular shipment of a heat of steel by type,size, and shape shall be considered a lot and must conform tothe provisions of this specification.13. Inspection13.1 When specified in the purchase order, the inspectorrepresenting the purchaser shall have access to th

46、e materialsubject to inspection for the purpose of witnessing the selectionof samples, preparation of test pieces, and performance of thetests. For such tests, the inspector shall have the right toindicate the pieces from which samples will be selected.Otherwise, the seller shall report to the purch

47、aser, or hisrepresentative, the results of the chemical analysis and thephysical and mechanical property tests made in accordancewith this specification.14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejections based ontests made in accordance with this specification shall bereporte

48、d to the seller within 30 days from the date of receipt ofthe material.14.2 Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to itsacceptance by the purchaser shall be rejected and the sellernotified.5The Shepherd Fracture Gain Size Standards may be purchased from Metallur-gical Services, Inc., Box

49、1075, 925 Main St., Niagara Falls, NY 14302.TABLE 2 Maximum Brinell Hardness in Annealed or Cold DrawnConditionType Annealed BHN Cold Drawn BHNW1 202 241W2 202 241W5 202 241Drill Rod (W1, W2, or W5)Ordered Diameter, in. (mm) Brinell RockwellTo18 (3.2) HB 341 HRC 37Over18 to14 (3.2 to 6.4), incl HB 275 HRC 28Over14 to12 (6.4 to 12.7), incl HB 241 HRC 23Over12 (12.7) HB 207 HRB 96A686 92 (2016)314.3 Samples tested in accordance with this specificationthat represent rejected material shall be preserved for 30 daysfrom the date of the test rep