ASTM A697 A697M-2013(2018) Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated Core Specimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods.pdf

1、Designation: A697/A697M 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forAlternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated CoreSpecimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A697/A697M; the number immediately following the designation indicates t

2、he yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of seve

3、ral acmagnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolledmagnetic materials.1.2 This test method covers test equipment and proceduresfor the determination of impedance permeability and excitingpower from voltage and current measurements, and core lossfrom wattmeter measurements. These tests

4、 are made underconditions of sinusoidal flux.1.3 This test method covers tests for two general categories(1 and 2) of cores based on size and application.1.4 Tests are provided for power and control size cores(Category 1) operating at inductions of 10 to 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5T and at frequencies of 50, 6

5、0, and 400 Hz.1.5 Procedures and tests are provided for coupling andmatching type transformer cores (Category 2) over the range ofinductions from 100 G 0.01 T or lower to 10 kG 1.0 T andabove at 50 to 60 Hz or above when covered by suitableprocurement specifications.1.6 This test method also covers

6、tests for core loss and acimpedance permeability under incremental test conditions (acmagnetization superimposed on dc magnetization) for theabove core types and at inductions up to those that cause the acexciting current to become excessively distorted or reachvalues that exceed the limits of the i

7、ndividual test equipmentcomponents.1.7 This test method shall be used in conjunction withPractice A34/A34M and Terminology A340. It depends uponthese designated documents for detailed information whichwill not be repeated in this test method.1.8 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emua

8、nd inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in

9、noncon-formance with this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of

10、regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Tr

11、ade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testingof Magnetic MaterialsA340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating toMagnetic Testing3. Terminology3.1 The terms and symbols listed belo

12、w apply only to thistest method. The official list of symbols and definitions may befound in Terminology A340.3.2 Symbols:As= E lamination surface area, one side only,Ass= EI lamination surface area, one side only,h = lamination stack height,Adc= dc ammeter,Idc= dc current,N1= primary turns,N2= seco

13、ndary turns,N3= tertiary turns,R1= ammeter shunt resistance,Vf= flux voltmeter,w = lamination center leg width,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 onMagnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved May 1

14、, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A697/A697M 13.DOI: 10.1520/A0697_A0697M-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards

15、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on s

16、tandardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1W = wattmeter, andZ = choke coil impedance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For Category

17、1 cores, the recommended tests are madeat a frequency of 60 Hz and at a test induction within the rangefrom 10 through 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5 T.4.2 For Category 2 cores, the recommended tests are madeat a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and at inductions of 40, 100 or200, 2000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 10 000 G 0.0

18、04, 0.01 or0.02, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 1.0 T. Any or all may be requireddepending on the type of core material.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed for evaluating the acmagnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolledmagnetic materials.5.2 The reproducibility and r

19、epeatability of this test methodare such that this test method is suitable for design, specifica-tion acceptance, service evaluation, and research and develop-ment.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus for testing under this test method shallconsist of as many of the following components, described in6.2 th

20、rough 6.12, as required to perform the desired testmeasurements.6.2 Test CoilsIn general, test coils are designed to sur-round a square center leg stack (lamination stack height equalto center leg width). They consist of two or more windings withthe secondary wound on the coil form first. Three grou

21、ps ofstandard test coils are described in 6.2.1 through 6.2.3. Each ofthese has been designed to provide specific features during test.Because of turns, coil resistance, and magnitude of inducedvoltage, each has a particular field of application.6.2.1 The coils listed in Table 1, for testing Categor

22、y 1cores, have been designed to have equal primary and secondaryturns and provide an induced voltage of 115 V when operatingat a peak flux density of 15 kG 1.5 T at 60 Hz.6.2.2 The coils listed in Table 2, for testing Category 2cores, have been designed to have characteristics that providea direct r

23、eadout capability for incremental permeability. Thetest coil is designed so that the primary winding 22.N15100=2 l1, the secondary winding N2=20 l1, and thetertiary winding N3is designed so that the N355=2 l1(andN1/N3= 20).6.2.3 The coils listed in Table 3 have been designed fortesting Category 1 co

24、res at a frequency of 400 Hz.6.3 Flux VoltmeterThe flux voltmeter shall be a trueaverage responsive voltmeter calibrated to read =2 /4 timesthe full wave rectified average voltage so that its indicationswill be identical to those of a true rms voltmeter on a puresinusoidal voltage. To produce the es

25、timated precision of testsunder this test method, the full-scale errors shall not exceed0.5 % (0.25 % or better preferred). Either digital or analog fluxvoltmeters are permitted. The normally high impedance ofdigital flux voltmeters is desirable to minimize loading effects.The internal resistance of

26、 an analog flux voltmeter shall not beless than 1000 /V of full-scale indication.6.4 A variable voltage divider on the input of the fluxvoltmeter may be used to scale the voltmeter reading. TheTABLE 1 Test Coils for EI Used at 60 Hz in Power Applications, Category 1NOTE 1Winding forms should allow f

27、or at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stack and coil form, and its walls should not bethicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils are also suitable for use at 50 Hz and other frequencies.NOTE 3N3winding is required for s

28、etting induction when incremental properties are to be measured or where other instruments interfere withinduction measurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N3552 l1where l1is the magnetic path length.Lamination Test Winding (see 6.2.1)Center Leg N1N2N3Width (w)LengthRelativet

29、o wStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, in. cm in. cm38 0.9525 1.5w34 1.905 1000 35 84.3 1000 35 103.8 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5w 1 2.540 800 34 68.3 800 34 80.7 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5w78 2.222 800 33 56.6 800 33 67.8 83 34 5.5434 1.905 1.5w34 1.

30、905 800 31 36.6 800 31 43.5 100 34 7.7778 2.222 1.5w78 2.222 588 28 15.4 588 28 18.1 116 34 9.861516 2.381 1.5 w1516 2.381 513 26 8.75 513 26 10.6 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 450 25 6.02 450 25 7.44 133 34 13.3118 2.857 1.5 w 118 2.857 356 24 4.45 356 24 5.37 150 34 16.7114 3.175 1.5 w 114 3.175

31、 288 22 2.43 288 22 2.92 167 34 20.4138 3.493 1.5 w 138 3.493 238 20 1.43 238 20 1.75 183 34 24.3112 3.810 1.5 w 112 3.810 200 18 0.82 200 18 0.98 200 34 28.8158 4.127 1.5 w 158 4.127 170 14 0.35 170 14 0.46 245 34 38.0134 4.445 1.5 w 134 4.445 147 16 0.45 147 16 0.52 233 34 38.7218 5.397 1.5 w 218

32、5.397 100 12 0.16 100 12 0.20 283 34 56.6214 5.715 1.5 w 214 5.715 89 10 0.11 89 10 0.13 320 34 67.5212 6.350 1.5 w 212 6.350 72 10 0.10 72 10 0.11 333 34 73.93 7.62 1.5w 112 3.810 76 10 0.11 76 10 0.11 400 34 111.04 10.16 1.5w 2 5.080 57 10 0.09 57 10 0.10 534 34 148.0A697/A697M 13 (2018)2voltage d

33、ivider should provide for ratio adjustments to foursignificant figures to establish the desired fraction of thesecondary voltage that is to be impressed on the flux voltmeter.Care must be taken to assure that the voltage rating of a ratiotransformer is adequate for use at the test frequency andvolta

34、ge. A resistive voltage divider may be used with highimpedance electronic voltmeters. Dividers having a total resis-tance of at least 10 K for low-voltage tests and 100 K ormore for other tests are preferred. When a resistive voltagedivider is used, additional correction for instrument burdenmay be

35、required to eliminate the effect of the resistive losses inthe voltage divider upon measurements.6.5 RMS Voltmeter, VA true rms responsive voltmetershall be used to indicate the rms voltage for exciting powermeasurements. It may also be used for evaluating the formfactor of the voltage induced in th

36、e secondary of the test fixtureand for evaluating instrument losses. The accuracy of the rmsvoltmeter shall be the same as that specified for the fluxvoltmeter. Either digital or analog voltmeters are permitted.The normally high-input resistance of the digital rms voltme-ters is desirable to minimiz

37、e loading effects. The input resis-tance of an analog rms voltmeter shall not be less than 1000/V of full-scale indication.NOTE 1Many electronic voltmeters are either peak responsive oraverage responsive in their indications. Although these meters may havescales that are marked RMS Volts, they shoul

38、d not be used for rms currentor rms voltage measurements when distorted waves are present. They mayindicate the rms values of voltages with little distortion but should not berelied upon for rms voltage measurements in magnetic test circuits. Whenflux is held closely sinusoidal, these probable error

39、s can sometimes beignored for rms voltage measurements at the lower inductions. However,the current waveform under these conditions always has too muchdistortion for proper use of one of these instruments as an rms ammeter.6.6 RMS AmmeterA true rms responsive meter shall beused to measure the rms ex

40、citing current for calculatingexciting power or magnetizing force, Hz, for impedancepermeability. This meter may be either an electronic or analogtype. An analog instrument may be a moving iron-vane,thermal, or electrodynamometer type. Sufficient current rangesTABLE 2 Test Coils for EI Laminations U

41、sed in General Magnetic Applications, Category 2NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stock and coil form, and its walls should be notthicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils may be u

42、sed at any frequency where voltage does not become excessively large.NOTE 3N3winding is required for setting production when incremental properties are to be measured or other instruments interfere with inductionmeasurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N3552 l1where l1is the

43、magnetic path length.Lamination Test Windings (see 6.2.2)Center Leg N1N2N3Width (w)LengthRelativeto wStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, in. cm in. cm316 0.4763 1.5 w316 0.4763 722 36 24.2 32 30 0.37 36 34 0.99714 0.635 1.5 w14 0.635 888 36 2

44、6.3 36 40 0.82 44 34 1.4738 0.9525 1.5 w38 0.9525 1278 36 127.8 40 24 0.30 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5 w12 1.270 1444 36 180.4 60 24 0.42 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5 w58 1.588 1666 36 263.2 75 24 0.58 83 34 5.531116 1.746 1.5 w1116 1.746 1822 36 294.4 82 23 0.55 92 34 6.6434 1.905 1.5 w34 1.905 2000 35 278.0

45、90 21 0.42 100 34 7.7778 2.222 1.5 w78 2.222 2333 34 295.7 105 21 0.45 116 34 10.31516 2.381 1.5 w1516 2.381 2711 34 374.6 122 20 0.55 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5 w 1 2.540 2666 34 373.9 120 20 0.55 133 34 13.3TABLE 3 Test Coils for EI Laminations Used at 400 Hz in Power and Other Applications, Category

46、1NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stack and coil form, and its walls should be notthicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2 These coils are also suitable for use at other frequencies.NOTE 3T

47、his winding is required for setting induction when incremental properties are to be measured or where other instruments interfere withinduction measurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N3552 l1where l1is the magnetic path length.Lamination Test Windings (see 6.2.3)RatioCenter

48、 Leg N1N2N3Width (w)LengthRelativetowStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, G 5 Ass/Asin. cm in. cm38 0.9525 1.5 w38 0.9525 458 33 19.06 458 33 24.2 64 34 2.84 1.30812 1.270 1.5 w12 1.270 262 30 6.46 262 30 7.68 72 34 4.00 1.32758 1.588 1.5 w58

49、1.588 162 27 2.37 162 27 2.74 83 34 5.52 1.32934 1.905 1.5 w34 1.905 134 24 1.16 134 24 1.38 100 34 7.77 2.51978 2.222 1.5 w78 2.222 82 20 0.34 82 20 0.40 116 34 10.3 3.4071 2.540 1.5 w 1 2.540 62 20 0.29 62 20 0.32 133 34 13.3 4.425A697/A697M 13 (2018)3should be provided to cover the desired range of excitingcurrents. This meter shall have an accuracy of 1 % of full-scaleindication or better. Its internal impedance should be less than0.1 for testing Category 1 cores