ASTM A711 A711M-2007 Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock《钢锻件坯料的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 711/A 711M 07Standard Specification forSteel Forging Stock1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 711/A 711M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steelingots and st

3、rand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strandcastings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs forforging.1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel prod-ucts, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectionaldimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round, octago-nal, or re

4、ctangular in section; slabs are rectangular. Althoughno invariable rule prevails between the terms blooms andbillets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, thefollowing size distinctions are in general use.1.2.1 BloomsCross-sectional area greater than 36 in.2230 cm2.1.2.2 BilletsMaximum cros

5、s-sectional area 36 in.2230 cm2.1.2.3 SlabsMinimum thickness, 112 in. 4 cm; width,more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectionalarea of not less than 16 in.2100 cm2.1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondaryremelted are covered.1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additio

6、nal reductionare covered.1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S19) of an optionalnature are provided. They shall apply only when specified bythe purchaser.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not b

7、e exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification, thematerial shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Document

8、s2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel

9、Forgings, GeneralRequirementsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and Forgings3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 When this specification is to b

10、e applied to an inquiry,contract, or order, the purchaser shall furnish the followinginformation in addition to those specified in SpecificationA 788/A 788M:3.1.1 The grade of material desired.3.1.2 Product form restrictions (for example, ingots, strandcastings, billets) if any, and3.1.3 Applicable

11、supplementary requirements.3.1.4 Surface condition.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retsting methods and procedures, marking,certificat

12、ion, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.2.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C

13、ommittee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 711 04.2For referenced A

14、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright A

15、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made to securefreedom from piping and undue segregation.4.2 Reduction from IngotExcept as otherwise agreed inaccordance with Suppl

16、ementary Requirement S3.2, the mate-rial shall be made from product having at least two times thecross-sectional area of the material.4.3 StabilityMaterial shall be furnished in a condition towithstand, for an indefinite time, exposure to all climaticconditions without developing any external or int

17、ernal cracks.The method of cooling or of treatment before shipment shall beoptional with the manufacturer, but he shall be responsible (inthe same manner as for defects disclosed after delivery) forcracks that may develop before material is subjected toreheating. When specific stability treatment of

18、 material isspecified by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall be respon-sible only for carrying out those specific operations but shallnot be responsible for cracks that may develop before materialis subjected to reheating.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The chemical composition shall conform to the req

19、uire-ments specified in the purchase order or the individual productspecification. For convenience the grades commonly specifiedfor carbon and alloy steel, blooms, billets, or slabs are shownin Table 1 and Table 2 of the latest issue of SpecificationA 29/A 29M. Blooms, billets, or slabs may be order

20、ed to thesegrade designations, and when so ordered shall conform to thespecified limits by heat analysis.5.2 Heat Analysis:5.2.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made inaccordance with Specification A 788/A 788M.5.3 Product Analysis:5.3.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser ina

21、ccordance with Specification A 788/A 788M.5.3.2 To indicate adequately the composition of a heat orlot, samples selected to represent the heat as fairly as possibleshall be taken midway between center and outside of thematerial from a minimum number of pieces as follows:Lots Number of Pieces15 tons

22、13.5 t or less 4Over 15 tons 13.5 t 65.3.3 If the number of pieces from cast or heat is less thanthe number of samples specified in 5.3.2, one sample shall betaken from each piece.5.3.4 When chips are taken by drilling, the approximatediameter of the drill used shall be as follows:Area of Cross Sect

23、ion to Be Sampled,in.2cm2Approximate Drill Diameter,in. mm16 100 and under12 13Over 16 100 1 256. Permissible Variations6.1 The permissible variation from the specified or theoreti-cal weight of blooms, billets, and slabs shall be 65 % forindividual pieces or for lots of less than a carload. For car

24、loadlots the permissible variation shall be 62.5 % of the totalweight of the lot.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The material shall be free of injurious imperfections.7.2 Conditioning, cutting, or parting of material may bedone by scarfing or flame-cutting when methods involvingpreheating

25、and temperature control necessary to avoid anydamage to flame-cut material are employed.7.3 Surface ConditioningMaterial may be conditioned toremove injurious surface defects, provided the depth of condi-tioning does not exceed116 in. 1.5 mm for each inch ofdimension concerned, up to a maximum depth

26、 of34 in.20 mm, and provided that the width of the conditioning is atleast four times its greatest depth; except that in the case ofslabs where the width is at least twice the thickness, the depthof conditioning on the wide surfaces may exceed this allow-ance by 50 %, up to a maximum depth of34 in.

27、20 mm. Themaximum depth of conditioning on two parallel sides atopposite locations shall not exceed one and one half times themaximum allowed for one side. All conditioned areas must beflared to result in a uniform blending.8. Keywords8.1 billets; blooms; slabs; steel forging stockA 711/A 711M 072SU

28、PPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by thepurchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.S1. Specified ProcessS1.1 The steel shall

29、be vacuum treated.S2. DiscardS2.1 Specific discard shall be taken as defined in theordering information.S3. Reduction in AreaS3.1 The purchaser may specify any definite amount ofreduction in area greater than 2.1 as provided in 4.2.S4. Residual ElementsS4.1 Supplementary Requirement S1 of Specificat

30、ionA 788/A 788M shall apply.S5. Restricted Product AnalysisS5.1 When product analysis to Specification A 788/A 788Mis applicable, a more restrictive requirement for one or morechosen elements shall be stated in the ordering information.S6. Guaranteed Segregation TestsS6.1 In the ordering information

31、 the purchaser or his rep-resentative shall note the intention to make product analysis torepresent each cast or heat. Two sets of drillings shall be takenfrom the top face of this piece at points on the same diagonalof the piece. The drillings shall be taken with a58-in. 16-mmdrill parallel to the

32、axis of the product as cast. The distancefrom the center of the piece to the drilling points shall be,respectively 15 and 80 % of the length of the half diagonal ofthe piece.S6.2 From the drillings taken at the 80 % point, a completeanalysis may be made. The chemical composition thus deter-mined sha

33、ll conform to the requirements specified.S6.3 From the drillings taken at the 15 % point, a carbondetermination may be made. The difference between the carboncontent of the drillings from the 15 % point and that of thedrillings from the 80 % point, expressed as a percentage of thelatter, shall not e

34、xceed the following values:Thickness, in. mmCarbon ContentDifference, %15 380 and under 15Over 15 380 20S6.4 If, in any heat, the drillings taken in accordance withS6.1 do not conform to the requirement prescribed in S6.3,additional drillings may be taken in a similar manner aftermaking a further to

35、p discard from the material of at least 10 %of the original weight. The results of this analysis shallconform to the requirements prescribed in S6.3; otherwise, theheat represented shall be rejected.S7. Guaranteed Heat TreatmentS7.1 The heat treatment requirements involve the size ofmaterial to be t

36、ested; location of test bar; the size, shape andmethod of preparing test specimens; temperature and time oftreatment; agitation of quenching medium; and similar require-ments. The minimum and maximum limits of a specifiedhardness range shall be consistent with the hardness obtainablein the full rang

37、e of the specified chemical limits.S8. Nonmetallic Inclusion RequirementS8.1 The samples for testing shall be taken on a longitudinalplace midway between the center and surface of the material.The samples shall be hardened before being polished to avoidpolishing pits; the area to be examined shall b

38、e agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser. The rating of theinclusion count shall be based upon the average length of theinclusions, the longest inclusion, and the general background.Any standards agreed upon shall be based upon a magnificationof 1003. Reference may be made to Test Met

39、hods E45.S9. Macroetch TestsS9.1 The location and number of the macroetch test speci-mens as well as acceptance criteria shall be as stated in theordering information. The procedure used shall be in accor-dance with Method E 381 unless otherwise agreed upon.S10. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS10.1 Ma

40、gnetic particle examination shall be performed inaccordance with Test MethodA 275/A 275M. The magnetizingprocedure and acceptance limits shall be as stated in theordering information.S11. Ultrasonic ExaminationS11.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, the ultrasonic exami-nation shall be based on Practice

41、 A 388/A 388M. The scanningprocedure and acceptance criteria shall be as stated in theordering information.S12. Grain SizeS12.1 Except as qualified in S12.2, carburized austeniticgrain size shall be specified as coarse or fine, to be determinedin accordance with Test Methods E112. The steel shall be

42、designated as coarse grain when the grain structure falls withinthe limits depicted in photograph numbers 1 to 5, inclusive, ofPlate IV of Test Methods E112and fine grain when the grainstructure falls within photograph numbers 5 to 8, inclusive. Thegrain structure shall be considered satisfactory if

43、 70 % iswithin the specified grain size limits. If these ranges are toobroad for the purchasers requirements, more restricted grainsize limits may be agreed upon between the purchaser and themanufacturer.S12.2 Due to certain manufacturing conditions, the grainsize distinctions prescribed in S12.1 ma

44、y not be adhered to inblooms larger than 100 in.2645 cm2 in cross-sectional areanor in slabs larger than 20 by 5 in. 50 by 13 cm. For theseA 711/A 711M 073larger sizes, grain size requirements shall be negotiated be-tween the purchaser and manufacturer.S12.3 When aluminum is used as a grain refining

45、 element,the fine grain size requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilledif, on heat analysis, the aluminum content is not less than0.015 % acid soluble aluminum, or alternately, 0.020 % totalaluminum. The aluminum content shall be reported. The grainsize test specified in S12.1 shall contiune to be

46、the referee test.S13. Fracture TestsS13.1 A transverse fracture test to indicate soundness andhomogeneity shall be made in accordance with the test methodand acceptance criteria stated in the ordering information. Acentral area equivalent to at least 10 % of the total crosssectional area of the end

47、of the piece shall be fractured.S14. Surface PreparationS14.1 For purposes of making possible closer inspection,the material shall be pickled in acid, or sand, or shot-blasted, orprepared by any other method agreed upon.S15. Controlled Cooling and TreatmentS15.1 When more control than is provided in

48、 4.3 is re-quired, any or all of the following requirements, as described inthe ordering information shall be done.S15.1.1 A maximum controlled rate of cooling after hotworking,S15.1.2 Annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tem-pering.S15.1.3 A maximum hardness, orS15.1.4 Suitability for cold sh

49、earing.S16. Surface ConditioningS16.1 A more limited removal depth for surface imperfec-tions than that stated in 7.3 shall apply, as stated in the orderinginformation.S16.1.1 Material removal shall be by scarfing, grinding, orchipping as stated in the ordering information.S17. Marking and IdentificationS17.1 Marking of the product, in addition to that required bySection 10, shall be as stated in the ordering information.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommitteeA01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the l