ASTM A805-1993(2002) Standard Specification for Steel Flat Wire Carbon Cold-Rolled《冷轧碳素钢扁平线的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A 805 93 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Specification forSteel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat w

3、ire in coilsor cut lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section,rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. 12.7 mm or less in width andunder 0.250 in. 6.35 mm in thickness.1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steelcompositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25 % bycast or heat analy

4、sis.1.3 Carbon spring steel flat wire is produced to a carbonrange in which the specified or required maximum is over0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are pro-duced:1.3.1.1 Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flatwire, produced to several desirab

5、le combinations of propertiesand1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed fora specific application and may be specified only by size anddescriptive name.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 370 Test Methods and Definition

6、s for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products2A 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel2A 751 Test Methods, Practices and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel Products2E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteel3E 112 Test Method

7、s for Determining Average Grain Size3E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals32.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage42.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)42.4

8、 SAE Standard:Recommended Practice SAE J 419 Methods of MeasuringDecarburization53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 annealingthe process of heating to and holding at asuitable temperature and then cooling at a suit

9、able rate, forsuch purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired me-chanical, physical, or other properties.3.1.2 batch annealingannealing that is generally per-formed in large cylindrical bell type or large rectangular box orcar-ty

10、pe furnaces. The product is protected from scaling anddecarburization by the use of a controlled atmosphere thatenvelops the charge in an inner chamber sealed to prevent theinflux of air or products of combustion. The coilsor bundles are heated to a temperature in the vicinity of thelower critical t

11、emperature for the grade of steel, and held at thattemperature for a definite length of time; after which the steelis allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The time ofholding at the annealing temperature varies with the grade ofthe steel and the desired degree of softness.3.1.3 continuous or s

12、trand annealingannealing that con-sists of passing a number of individual strands of flat wirecontinuously through either a muffle furnace or a bath ofmolten lead or salt, thus heating the flat wire to the desiredtemperature for a definite time. The hardness obtained by thistype of annealing, as mea

13、sured by Rockwell hardness number,is normally somewhat higher than is secured by batch-typeannealing. Other characteristics peculiar to strandannealedsteel require this type of annealing for some flat wire products.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainles

14、s Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.19 on Sheet Steel and Strip.Current edition approved November 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Origi-nally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 805 93(1998).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 0

15、1.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.1Copyright ASTM International,

16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 salt annealingannealing that is accomplished byimmersing bundles or coils of flat wire in a molten salt bath ata desired temperature for a definite time. Following theannealing, the coils are permitted to cool

17、 slowly, after whichthey are immersed in hot water to remove any adhering salts.3.1.5 spheroidize annealingan operation consisting ofprolonged heating and prolonged cooling cycles to produce aglobular or spheroidal condition of the carbide for maximumsoftness.3.1.6 cold reductionthe process of reduc

18、ing the thicknessof the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction isgreater than that used in skin-rolling (see section 3.3).3.1.7 finishthe degree of smoothness or lustre of the flatwire. The production of specific finishes requires specialpreparation and control of the roll surfaces emplo

19、yed.3.1.8 hardening and temperinga heat treatment for steelover 0.25 % carbon by cast or heat analysis involving continu-ous strand heating at finish size to an appropriate temperatureabove the critical temperature range, followed by quenching inoil and finally passing the strands through a temperin

20、g bath.This heat treatment is used in the production of such commodi-ties as oiltempered spring wire for use in certain types ofmechanical springs that are not subjected to a final heattreatment after forming. Oil-tempered wire is intended prima-rily for the manufacture of products that are required

21、 towithstand high stresses. The mechanical properties and resil-iency of oil-tempered wire provide resistance to permanent setunder repeated and continuous stress applications.3.1.9 patentinga thermal treatment usually confined tosteel over 0.25 % carbon. In this process individual strands ofrods or

22、 wire are heated well above the upper critical tempera-ture followed by comparatively rapid cooling in air, moltensalt, or molten lead. This treatment is generally employed toprepare the material for subsequent processing.3.1.10 skin-rolleda term denoting a relatively light cold-rolling operation fo

23、llowing annealing. It serves to reduce thetendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardnessor other mechanical properties.3.1.11 tempera designation by number to indicate thehardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as

24、a range. Thetempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemicalcomposition, by amounts of cold reduction, and by thermaltreatment.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information, as necessary, to describe adequately thedesired pro

25、duct:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Name of material (flat wire identified by type),4.1.3 Analysis or grade, if required (Section 6),4.1.4 Temper of low carbon or type of spring steel (Sections9, 10, and 11),4.1.5 Edge (Section 7),4.1.6 Finish or coating (Sections 14and 12),4.1.7 Dimensions,4.1.8 Coil type an

26、d size requirements (Section 17),4.1.9 Packaging (17.1),4.1.10 Condition (oiled or not oiled) (14.4),4.1.11 ASTM designation and date of issue,4.1.12 Copper-bearing steel, if required,4.1.13 Application (part identification or description),4.1.14 Case or heat analysis (request, if desired), and4.1.1

27、5 Exceptions to the specification, if required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 18 000 lbLow-Carbon Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Wire, Temper 4, Edge 4,Finish 2, 0.125 by 0.450-in. vibrated coils, 2000 lb max, coil weight, 16to 20 in. ID, 36 in. max OD, Face dimension 6 to 10 in.

28、, ASTM A 805dated , for Stove Frames.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Low-carbon steel flat wire is normally produced fromrimmed, capped, or semi-killed steel. When required, killedsteel may be specified, with silicon or aluminum as thedeoxidizer.5.2 Untempered-carbon spring steel flat wire is common

29、lyproduced from killed steel, although semi-killed steel is some-times used.5.3 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel flat wirecustomarily has a carbon content over 0.60 %.5.4 Flat wire is generally produced from hot-rolled rods orround wire, by one or more cold-rolling operations, primarilyfor

30、the purpose of obtaining the size and section desired and forimproving surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and varyingmechanical properties. Flat wire can also be produced fromslitting hot- or cold-rolled flat steel to the desired width. Thehot-rolled slit flat steel is subsequently cold reduced.

31、The widthto thickness ratio and the specified type of edge generallydetermine the process that is necessary to produce a specificflat-wire item.5.5 The production of good surface quality flat wire isdependent upon scale-free and clean wire, rod, or hot-rolledsteel prior to cold-rolling. Scale remova

32、l can be accomplishedby chemical or mechanical cleaning.5.6 Edge rolls, machined with contour grooves, may be usedin conjunction with flat-rolling passes to produce the desirededge shape.5.7 Straightness in flat wire may be controlled by the use ofroll straighteners alone or in conjunction with cold

33、-rollingpasses.5.8 Edges of flat wire produced by slitting wider flat-rolledsteel can be dressed, depending upon requirements by:5.8.1 DeburringA process by which burrs are removed byrolling or filing to obtain an approximate square edge;5.8.2 RollingA process by which the slit edge is dressedby edg

34、e rolling to the desired contour; and5.8.3 FilingA process by which the slit edge is filed to aspecific contour and dimension by passing one or more timesagainst a series of files mounted at various angles.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Limits:6.1.1 When carbon steel flat wire is specified to chemicalco

35、mposition, the compositions are commonly prepared usingthe ranges and limits shown in Table 1. The elements compris-ing the desired chemical composition are specified in one ofthree ways:A 805 93 (2002)26.1.1.1 By a maximum limit,Tables 2-56.1.1.2 By a minimum limit, or6.1.1.3 By minimum and maximum

36、 limits, termed the“range.” By common usage, the range is the arithmeticaldifference between the two limits (for example, 0.60 to 0.71 is0.11 range).6.1.2 When carbon steel flat wire is produced from roundrods or wire it may be designated by grade number. In suchcases the chemical ranges and limits

37、of Table 6, Table 7, Table8, and Table 9 of Specification A 510 shall apply.6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:6.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be madeby the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsspecified or restricted by the applicable specification.6.2.2 When requested,

38、cast or heat analysis for elementslisted or required shall be reported to the purchaser or hisrepresentative.6.3 Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser on thefinished material.6.3.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologicallysuited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character ofthe

39、ir chemical composition and, therefore, the tolerances inTable 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on thesetypes of steel only when misapplication is apparent, or forcopper when copper steel is specified.6.3.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when productanalysis is made by the pu

40、rchaser, the chemical analysis shallnot vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts inTable 2. The several determinations of any element shall notvary both above and below the specified range.6.3.3 When flat wire is produced from round rods or wire,and when a grade number is used to spec

41、ify the chemicalcomposition, the values obtained on a product analysis shallnot vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts inTable 10 of Specification A 510.6.4 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods, Prac-tices and Terminology A 751 shall be used.7. Edge7.1 The desired edge sh

42、all be specified as follows:7.1.1 Number 1 Edge is a prepared edge of a specifiedcontour (round or square) which is produced when a veryaccurate width is required or when the finish of the edgesuitable for electroplating is required, or both.7.1.2 Number 2 Edge is not applicable to flat wire product

43、s.7.1.3 Number 3 Edge is an approximately square edgeproduced by slitting.7.1.4 Number 4 Edge is a rounded edge produced either byedge rolling or resulting from the flat rolling of a round section.Width tolerance and edge condition are not as exacting as fora No. 1 Edge.7.1.5 Number 5 Edge is an app

44、roximately square edgeproduced from slitedge material on which the burr is elimi-nated by rolling or filing.7.1.6 Number 6 Edge is a square edge produced by edgerolling when the width tolerance and edge condition are not asexacting as for No. 1 Edge.TABLE 1 Cast or Heat AnalysisElementStandard Chemi

45、cal Ranges and Limits, %When Maximum of SpecifiedElement isRangeCarbonAto 0.15 incl 0.05over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.06over 0.30 to 0.40 incl 0.07over 0.40 to 0.60 incl 0.08over 0.60 to 0.80 incl 0.11over 0.80 to 1.35 incl 0.14Manganeseto 0.50 incl 0.20over 0.50 to 1.15 incl 0.30over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0

46、.35PhosphorusBto 0.08 incl 0.03over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05SulfurBto 0.08 incl 0.03over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05over 0.15 to 0.23 incl 0.07over 0.23 to 0.33 incl 0.10SiliconCto 0.15 incl 0.08over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.15over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.30CopperWhen copper is required 0.20 mini-mum is commonly sp

47、ecified.ACarbonThe carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range applywhen the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00 %. Whenthe maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00 %, add 0.01 to the carbon rangesshown above.BPhosphorus and SulfurThe standard lowest maximum limits for phospho

48、rusand sulfur are 0.030 % and 0.035 % respectively. Certain qualities, descriptions, orspecifications are furnished to lower standard maximum limits.CSiliconThe standard lowest maximum for silicon is 0.10 %.TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product AnalysisAElementLimit, or Maxi-mum of Speci-fied Element, %Tol

49、erance, %UnderMinimumLimitOver Maxi-mum LimitCarbon to 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05over 0.80 0.03 0.06Manganese to 0.60 incl 0.03 0.03over 0.60 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.05 0.05Phosphorus . . . . . . 0.01Sulfur . . . . . . 0.01Silicon to 0.30 incl 0.02 0.03over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.05 0.05Copper . . . 0.02 . . .AWhen produced from round wire or rod the producer may use the tolerancesfor product analysis that appear in Specification A 510 (see 6.3.3).TABLE 3 Thickness TolerancesSpecifi