ASTM A874 A874M-1998(2009) Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service《适于低温使用的铁素体球墨铸铁铸件》.pdf

1、Designation: A 874/A 874M 98 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forFerritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-TemperatureService1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 874/A 874M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in t

2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitablefor service at temperatures o

3、f 40F 40C and above.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in

4、non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this sta

5、ndard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure ofGraphite in Iron CastingsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic

6、MaterialsE30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition3E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for Gen-eral IndustryE 351 Tes

7、t Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast IronAll TypesE 562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction bySystematic Manual Point CountE 689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron CastingsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification

8、shall includethe following applicable information:3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identification,3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Marking instructions (see Section 15),3.1.5 Place of inspection (see 13.1),3.1.6 Limits on residual eleme

9、nts (see 5.2),3.1.7 Visual and dimensional acceptance standard (see 7.1),3.1.8 Sampling plan (see Section 9), and3.1.9 Supplementary requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Castings may be supplied either as cast or heat treatedand shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains nomas

10、sive carbides.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The iron shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition shown in Table 1.5.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,analysis may be required and limits established for elementsnot specified in Table 1.6. Mechanical and Microstructural

11、Properties6.1 Tensile PropertiesThe iron shall conform to the re-quirements for tensile properties shown in Table 2.6.2 MicrostructureGraphite contained in the microstruc-ture shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method A 247.The percent of each graphite type shall be estimated, and thetotal o

12、f all estimates shall equal 100 %. The total percent ofTypes 1 and 2 graphite shall be a minimum of 90 %.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable andDuctile Iron Castings.Current edition a

13、pproved May 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 874/A 874M - 98(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu

14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Workman

15、ship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visuallyand shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hottears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet visual anddimensional acceptance standards specified in the order.7.2 Conditioning of castings is permitted

16、 to the extent thatthe removal of metal does not extend into the envelope of thefinished container and does not alter the properties of the metalremaining in the finished container.8. Repair8.1 Castings shall not be repaired by plugging, welding,brazing, impregnation, or any other means.9. Sampling9

17、.1 Test coupons will be obtained from the casting. Thelocation in the casting from which the test coupons areobtained and the number obtained from each location shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.9.2 Metallographic samples shall be obtained from the samelocation as the mechan

18、ical test coupons.9.3 Nondestructive examination methods for estimating mi-crostructure may be used to supplement the destructive exami-nation sampling plan.9.4 Sampling for chemical analysis shall be in accordancewith Practice E59.9.4.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be madeon either

19、chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafersapproximately132 in. 0.8 mm thick cut from test coupons.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 The number of tension tests and the number of micro-structural examinations shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and purchaser.10.2 If any tension test

20、 specimen shows obvious defects, itmay be discarded and another from the same coupon may betested.11. Test Methods11.1 Conduct the tension test in accordance with TestMethods E8.11.2 Determine the yield strength using one of the followingmethods:11.2.1 The 0.2 % offset method, or11.2.2 Extension und

21、er load method where the yieldstrength may be determined as the stress producing an elonga-tion under load of 0.330 %, that is, 0.0066 in. 0.165 mm in agage length of 2 in. 50 mm.11.3 Determine the percent of each graphite nodule type bymanual coating, semi-automatic, or automatic image analysismeth

22、ods. The manual count method shall prevail when theresults of other methods differ. Magnification shall be at 100 3.11.4 Spectrometric methods may be used for chemicalanalysis. Should a dispute arise concerning chemical compo-sition, use Test Methods E 351 and E30for referee methods.12. Records12.1

23、Records of the chemical composition, mechanicalproperties, and the metallographic examination shall be sys-tematically made and maintained.13. Inspection13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall perform all of the tests andinspections required by the sp

24、ecification.13.2 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture or a mutually agreed upon location.13.3 The inspector representing the purchaser shall haveentry at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to all parts of the manufacturers workstha

25、t concern the manufacture of the material ordered. Themanufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilitiesto satisfy that the material is being furnished in accordancewith these specifications. The inspector representing the pur-chaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the operatio

26、n ofthe works.14. Certification14.1 The manufacturers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser stating the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification(including the year of issue) and was found to meet therequirement(s). In addition, a test

27、report shall be included withthe certification giving the results of all tests performedincluding chemical analysis.15. Product Marking15.1 The casting shall be identified and shall be marked inaccordance with instructions issued by the purchaser.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement Minimum, % Maximu

28、m, %Total carbon 3.0 3.7Carbon equivalent (carbon +13 silicon) . . . 4.5Silicon 1.2 2.3Phosphorous . . . 0.03Magnesium . . . 0.07Manganese . . . 0.25Copper . . . 0.1Nickel . . . 1.0Chromium . . . 0.07TABLE 2 Tensile PropertiesTensile Strength,min, psi MPaYield Strength,min, psi MPaElongation in 2 in

29、. 50 mm,min, %45 000 300 30 000 200 12 12A 874/A 874M 98 (2009)2SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSSupplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser. Details of thesupplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The specifiedtests shall be per

30、formed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS1.1 Castings shall be examined for surface discontinuitiesby magnetic particle examination. The examination shall be inaccordance with Guide E 709. The extent of examination andthe basis for acceptance sha

31、ll be agreed upon between themanufacturer and purchaser.S2. Ultrasonic ExaminationS2.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects byultrasonic examination. The examination procedures and ac-ceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the manufac-turer and purchaser.S3. Liquid Penetrant Exami

32、nationS3.1 Castings shall be examined for surface discontinuitiesby means of liquid penetrant examination. The examinationshall be in accordance with Test Method E 165. Areas to beinspected, methods and types of liquid penetrants to be used,developing procedure, and basis for acceptance shall be agr

33、eedupon between the manufacturer and purchaser.S4. Radiographic ExaminationS4.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects bymeans of X rays or gamma rays. The procedure shall be inaccordance with Guide E94, and types and degrees of discon-tinuities considered shall be judged by Reference Radio

34、graphsE 689. The extent of examination and basis for acceptanceshall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.S5. Fracture ToughnessS5.1 Fracture toughness testing shall be performed onsamples removed from the casting. The method of fracturetoughness testing, the location from which the

35、 samples areremoved, the number of tests performed, and the acceptancerequirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturerand purchaser.S6. Nodule CountS6.1 The nodule count per unit area shall be determined byexamining 100 3 micrographs.4The samples for the micro-graphs shall be removed from

36、the casting at locations agreedupon. The inspection method and the acceptance requirementsshall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.Test Method E 562 may be used for guidance.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wi

37、th any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tech

38、nical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat

39、ion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

40、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Electric Power Research Institute Project 2813-1, “Relationships BetweenDuctile Iron Fracture Toughness and Microstructure, December 1986, providesbackground information.A 874/A 874M 98 (2009)3