1、Designation: A949/A949M 01 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forSpray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless SteelPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A949/A949M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers spray-formed seamless ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipe inte
3、nded for general corrosiveservice, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corro-sion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement ifused for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided forpipe where a greater degree of testing
4、is desired. Thesesupplementary requirements call for additional tests to be madeand when desired, one or more of these may be specified in theorder.1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions ofseamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B 36.19. Pipehaving other dimensions may be
5、furnished provided such pipecomplies with all other requirements of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independentl
6、y of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.4.2 The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.NOTE 1The dimensionless desig
7、nator NPS (nominal pipe size) hasbeen substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominaldiameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements forCarbon and Low Alloy Steel TubesA941 Terminology Relating to
8、Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 AN
9、SI/ASME Standards:B 1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose3B 36.10M-1995 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe3B 36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe2.3 Other Standard:SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification
10、, referto Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 spray-formeddenotes the fabrication of differentshapes of a metallic material by deposition of a spray,consisting of droplets, solid particles, and particles that arepartially solid, onto a moving substrate.3.2.1.1 D
11、iscussionThe spray is produced by gas atomiza-tion of the liquid metal or alloy. On impingement with thesubstrate, the species of the spray consolidate and solidifycompletely to produce a product that is essentially free ofporosity. The metallurgical characteristics of the spray-formedproduct are co
12、ntrolled primarily by the thermal condition of thespray, and that of the surface of the metallic deposit formed onthe substrate.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following, as required, to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:4.1.1 Quantity
13、(feet, metres, or number of lengths),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published F
14、ebruary 2010. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A949/A949M 01(2005). DOI: 10.1520/A0949_A0949M-01R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
15、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/ww
16、w.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1),4.1.4 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and sched-ule number of average wall thickness, or
17、 other),4.1.5 Length (specific or random) (Section 10),4.1.6 End finish (section on Ends of Specification A999/A999M),4.1.7 Optional requirements (Section 9), SupplementaryRequirements S1 to S4,4.1.8 Test report required (section on Certification of Speci-fication A999/A999M),4.1.9 Specification des
18、ignation, and4.1.10 Special requirements or exceptions to the specifica-tion.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufa
19、cture6.1 MeltingThe steel shall be made by the electric-furnace process or other primary processes approved by thepurchaser.6.2 Pipe Manufacture:6.2.1 The pipe shall be made by the spray forming processusing the melt from the primary melting as noted in 7.1.6.2.2 The pipe shall be made by spraying t
20、he melt on to athin-walled collector tube. The as spray formed tube shall bemachined on both the inner and outer surfaces. The remainingmetal shall be homogeneous, sound, and meet the requirementsof Section 11.6.2.3 Unless specified by the purchaser, pipe may be fur-nished as spray formed or as spra
21、y-formed and cold-finished.6.2.4 All pipe shall be furnished in the heat-treated condi-tion as shown in Table 1.6.2.5 All pipe shall be furnished in the descaled conditionand be free of contaminating iron particles. Pickling, blastingor surface finishing is not mandatory when pipe is brightannealed.
22、 The purchaser may request that a passivating treat-ment be applied.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements asprescribed in Table 2.8. Product Analysis8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipesfrom each lot shall be made by the manufacturer.
23、 A lot of pipeshall consist of the following number of lengths of the samesize and wall thickness from any one heat of stainless steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereof2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof8.2 The results of these an
24、alyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or the purchasers representative, and shall conformto the requirements specified in Section 5.8.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 doesnot conform to the requirements specified in Section 5,ananalysis of each pipe from the same heat or lot
25、 may be made,and all pipes conforming to the requirements shall be accepted.9. Tensile and Hardness Properties9.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardnessproperties prescribed in Table 3.10. Lengths10.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the followingregular practice:10.1.1 Unles
26、s otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS18to and including NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft(Note 2) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (Note 2).Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimumlength shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.NOTE 2This
27、 value applies when the inch-pound designation of thisspecification is the basis of purchase. When the “M” designation of thisspecification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s)shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.1.2 If definite cut lengths are de
28、sired, the lengths re-quired shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be less thanthe specified length and no more than14 in. 6 mm over it.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight andshall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re-mov
29、ed by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are notdecreased to less than that permitted, in the PermissibleVariations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A999/A999M.12. Mechanical Tests Required12.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension TestOne tensiontest shall be made on a specimen for lots
30、 of not more than 100pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two pipesfor lots of more than 100 pipes.NOTE 3The term “lot,” for mechanical tests, applies to all pipe of thesame nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) that is produced fromthe same heat of steel and subjected to the
31、 same finishing treatment: (1)ina continuous heat-treatment furnace, or (2) in a batch-type heat-treatmentfurnace, equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlledwithin a 50F 30C range, the larger of: (a) each 200 ft 60 m or fractionthereof or, (b) that pipe heat treated in the same
32、batch furnace charge.TABLE 1 Heat TreatmentUNSDesignation Temperature QuenchS31803 18702010F 10201100C rapid cooling in air or waterS31500 18001900F 9801040C rapid cooling in air or waterS31200 19202010F 10501100C rapid cooling in waterS32550 1900F 1040C min rapid cooling in air or waterS31260 18702
33、010F 10201100C rapid cooling in waterS32304 17001920F 9251050C rapid cooling in air or waterS32750 18802060F 10251125C rapid cooling in air or waterS32900 17001750F 925955C rapid cooling in air or waterS32950 18201880F 9951025C air coolA949/A949M 01 (2009)212.2 Flattening TestFor material heat treat
34、ed in a batch-type furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipefrom each heat-treated lot. For material heat treated by thecontinuous process, this test shall be made on a sufficientnumber of pipes to constitute 5 % of the lot, but in no case lessthan two lengths of pipe.12.3 Hydrostat
35、ic TestEach length of finished pipe shall besubjected to the hydrostatic test.12.3.1 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance withSpecification A999/A999M. When making the calculations inthe Hydrostatic Test Requirements Section of SpecificationA999/A999M,anS value 50 % of the specified minimum y
36、ieldstrength shall be used.12.3.2 When specified by the purchaser, a nondestructiveelectric test in accordance with Specification A450/A450Mmay be used instead of, or in addition to, the hydrostatic test.13. Product Marking13.1 In addition to the marking specified in SpecificationA999/A999M, all mar
37、king shall include the manufacturersprivate identifying mark and be given the designator, CF, whencold finished. If specified in the purchase order, the marking forpipe larger than NPS 4 shall include the weight.14. Keywords14.1 austenitic/ferritic; pipe; spray-formed; stainlessSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIRE
38、MENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in thepurchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is providedin the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,retest
39、and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.S1. Product AnalysisS1.1 For all pipe over NPS 5 there shall be one productanalysis made of a representative sample from one piece foreach ten lengths or fraction thereof from each heat of steel.S1.2 For pipe smaller
40、 than NPS 5 there shall be one productanalysis made from ten lengths per heat of steel or from 10 %of the number of lengths per heat of steel, whichever numberis smaller.S1.3 Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemicalrequirements specified in Section 5 shall be rejected.S2. Transverse Ten
41、sion TestsS2.1 There shall be one transverse tension test made fromone end of 10 % of the lengths furnished per heat of steel. Thisapplies only to pipe over NPS 8.S2.2 If a specimen from any length fails to conform to thetensile properties specified that length shall be rejected.S3. Flattening TestS
42、3.1 The flattening test of Specification A999/A999M shallbe made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe.Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary requirement isspecified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be specified.If a specimen from any length fails because of lack of duct
43、ilityprior to satisfactory completion of the first step of the flatteningtest requirement, that pipe shall be rejected subject to retreat-ment in accordance with Specification A999/A999M andsatisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length of pipe failsbecause of a lack of soundness that length sha
44、ll be rejected,unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining lengthis sound.S4. Etching TestsS4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etchingtests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions ofTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignationAC Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N Cu OthersS31
45、803 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 1.00 max 4.56.5 21.023.0 2.53.5 0.080.20 . . .S31500 0.030 max 1.202.00 0.030 max 0.030 max 1.402.00 4.35.2 18.019.0 2.503.00 0.050.10 . . .S32550 0.040 max 1.50 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 4.56.5 24.027.0 2.93.9 0.100.25 1.502.50S31200 0.030 max 2.00
46、max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 5.56.5 24.026.0 1.202.00 0.140.20 . . .S31260 0.030 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 5.57.5 24.026.0 2.53.5 0.100.30 0.200.80 W 0.100.50S32304 0.030 max 2.50 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 1.00 max 3.05.5 21.524.5 0.050.60 0.050.20 0.050.60S32750 0.030 max 1.20 max
47、 0.035 max 0.020 max 0.80 max 6.08.0 24.026.0 3.05.0 0.240.32 0.50 max . . .S32900 0.08 max 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 2.55.0 23.028.0 1.002.00 . . . . . . . . .S32950 0.03 max 2.00 max 0.035 max 0.010 max 0.60 max 3.55.2 26.029.0 1.002.50 0.150.35 . . .ANew designation established in acc
48、ordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness RequirementsUNSDesignationTensileStrengthmin,ksi MPaYieldStrengthmin,ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mmmin,%Hardness, maxBrinell Rockwell CS31803 90 620 65 450 25 290 30.5S31500 92 635 64 440 30 290 30.5S31200 110 760 80 550 15 297
49、 31.5S32550 100 690 65 450 25 280 . . .S31260 100 690 65 450 25 . . . . . .S32304 87 600 58 400 25 290 30.5S32750 116 800 80 550 15 310 32S32900 90 620 70 485 20 271 28S32950 90 620 70 485 20 290 30.5A949/A949M 01 (2009)3Method E381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross sectionfrom one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show soundand reasonably uniform material free of injurious laminations,cracks, and similar objectio
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