1、Designation: A960/A960M 16A960/A960M 16aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittin
3、gs covered in anyof the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portionsthereof:Title of Specification ASTMDesignationSpecification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate andElevated TemperaturesA
4、234/A234MSpecification for Wrought Austenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA403/A403MSpecification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA420/A420MSpecification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-CarbonSteel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA758/A
5、758MSpecification for As-Welded Wrought AusteniticStainless Steel Fittings for General CorrosiveService at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA774/A774MSpecification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA815/A815MSpecification for Heat-Treated Carbon Ste
6、elFittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA858/A858MSpecification for Wrought High-StrengthLow-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded FittingsA860/A860M1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the req
7、uirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). Theacceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
8、with the supplier and must be included in theorder as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and thetables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
9、may not be exact equivalents; therefore each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with thespecification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation SI of the product specification is specified in the orde
10、r.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High TemperatureServiceA262 Practices for Detecting Suscepti
11、bility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Rel
12、atedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved June 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2016. Published June 2016December 2016. Originally approved
13、in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asA960/A960M 15.A960/A960M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0960_A0960M-16.10.1520/A0960_A0960M-16A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume in
14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately
15、 depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Intern
16、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA700 Guide for P
17、ackaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA763 Practices for Detecting Suscepti
18、bility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA774/A774M Specification forAs-WeldedWroughtAustenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low andModerate TemperaturesA815/A815M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel
19、Piping FittingsA858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-Strength Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding FittingsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967A967/
20、A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and TubingE709 Guide for M
21、agnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standards:3MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight Stainless Steel Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-75
22、Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet FittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and Buttw
23、elding Ends2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification2.4 ASME Standards:5B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code
24、Section IX3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid section that is long in relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant cross sectionthroughout its length. (See Specification A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of
25、 hot wrought and cold finishedbars.)3.1.2 certifying organizationthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecertification of the product to the specification requirements.3.1.3 fittinga component for non-bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure ves
26、sels.3.1.4 flangea component for bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.5 forgingthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the materialand produces the required shape.3.1.6 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performed
27、 by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine and must deform the material to produce an essentially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Inform
28、ation4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity,3 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valv
29、e and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
30、, ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A960/A960M 16a24.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions (standard or special),4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless or wel
31、ded construction is specified by the purchaser, either may befurnished at the option of the supplier),4.1.5 Specification number (including the year/date of issue),4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product st
32、andard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, then the defaultASTM track shall be used as noted in TestMethods A1058.4.1.7 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.8 Additional requirements.5. Material5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars, plates and seamless o
33、r welded tubular products.5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of the individual product specification and may be made from anyprocess.5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all ingots remelted from a primary h
34、eat.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by any of the methods included in the individual product specification.6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular materialprovided the axial length of the part is ap
35、proximately parallel to the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees and headertees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitableconditions to prevent injur
36、y by cooling too rapidly.6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, welding operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provision ofSection IX of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code except that welds from the original pipe manufacturer made without theaddition of filler metal
37、do not require such qualification.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the followingprocedures:7.1.1 Full AnnealingFittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, a
38、fter holdingfor a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingAnnealing (or Solution Treat or Treatment)Fittings shall be heated to a temperature that causes thecarbides to go into solution and then quenched in water or r
39、apidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to and holdingwithin the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4
40、NormalizingFittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and subsequentlycooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentFittings shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature fo
41、r the greater of 12 h or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section and cooledin still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingFittings shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. temperature, held longenough to reduce stresses and then cooled at a rate that will result in th
42、e properties required for the material grade and minimizethe development of new residual stresses. The temperature shall not vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 F6 14 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperFittings shall be fully austenitized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium.
43、Thequenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices and Terminology A751 for Chemical Analysis of
44、Steel Products.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of thoseelements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall beA960/A960M 16a3obtained from one
45、 remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirementsof the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the heatanalysis requirements.8.2.1 For steels ordered under produ
46、ct specifications referencing this specification of general requirements, the steel shall notcontain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen for stainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conformsto the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified
47、 element having a required minimum content. For thisrequirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually and identified by its own UNS or grade designation in a tableof chemical requirements within any specification listed within the scope as being covered by this specification.8.3 Pro
48、duct AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as
49、 appropriate for the grade being supplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestAll tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if theinch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI Units) standard is specified.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy and CarbonSteelsAElements Limit, or Maximum ofSpecified Range, %Permissible VariationsOver Maximum Limit orUnder Minimum Limit, %Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to
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