1、Designation:A961/A961M11 Designation: A961/A961M 12Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requir
3、ements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and partsfor piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose
4、Piping A181/A181MForged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522MSteel Flange
5、s, Fittings, Valves, and Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Comp
6、onents with A727/A727MInherent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the
7、requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section 4.1.2).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on ne
8、gotiations with the supplier and must be included inthe order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and thetables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
9、 in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specif
10、ied in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsA181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose PipingA182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Fo
11、rged Fittings, and Valves and Partsfor High-Temperature ServiceA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for PipingComponents1This specification is under the jurisdiction
12、of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2011.2012. Publis
13、hed June 2011.May 2012. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 asA961/A961M08a.A961/A961M11. DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-112.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
14、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
15、possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
16、d.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts
17、 forLow-Temperature ServiceA694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA707/A707M Specification for Forged Car
18、bon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA727/A727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch ToughnessA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA836/A836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Carbon St
19、eel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel ServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of F
20、urnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricB880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt AlloysE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE381
21、Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and ForgingsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standard:4SP 25 Standard Marki
22、ng System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that is long in relationship to its cross
23、 sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wrought microstructure.3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, and marking of, the productto the specification requirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component fo
24、r non-bolted joints in piping systems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used in piping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the materialand produces the required shape.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic worki
25、ng must be performed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine, and must deform the material to produce a wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made without a welded seam.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usua
26、lly by hot working the material, and if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing thehot worked tubular product to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary t
27、o purchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances and surface finishes should be included),4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, or both, as applicable, and year
28、/date,4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall be used as noted in TestMethods A1058,4.1.5 Supplementary
29、 requirements, and4.1.6 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual Product Specification, the steel shall be fully killed.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10
30、016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A961/A961M 1225.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, it shall be stated on the purchase order.
31、5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such aselectroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remeltedfrom a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast
32、in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identificationof the resultant transition material is required. The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedurethat positively separates the grades.5.5 A sufficient discar
33、d shall be made from the source material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrinkage, andundue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forging that is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape.Alternativestarting materials may be used, but
34、 with the following exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be machined from bar provided that the axial length of the part isapproximately
35、parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shall not be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seamless pipe and tubing provided that the axial length of the part is approxima
36、telyparallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the followingprocedures that are defined in more detail in Terminology A941.7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall
37、 be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holdingfor a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial shall be heated to a temperature that causes the chrome carbides to go in
38、to solution, andthen, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and holdingwithin the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a re
39、latively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range, and subsequently,cooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentMaterial shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature belo
40、w thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress Relieving Material shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shallnot vary from the selec
41、ted temperature by more than 625 F 614 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austenitized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. Thequenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.7.1.8 Same Heat Treat CycleHeat treat loa
42、ds at the same temperature, equivalent soak times as appropriate for the maximumsection size on the respective load and equivalent cooling methods.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, an
43、d Terminology A751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysisshall be obtained from one reme
44、lted ingot, or the product of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical analysisthus determined shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (checkanalysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the Heat Analysis requirements.
45、8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway betweeninner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center
46、 and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanicaltest specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade being supplie
47、d.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if theinch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI units) is specified.9.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the product
48、 specification requirements, specimens shall be obtained fromthe production forgings, or from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished product. In eitherA961/A961M 123case, mechanical test specimens shall not be removed until after all heat treatment is complet
49、e. If repair welding is performed, testspecimens shall not be removed until after post-weld heat treatment is complete, unless permitted by the product specification. Thelocations from which test specimens are removed shall be in accordance with the Product Specification.9.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be of the same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially the samereduction and working as the production forging they represent, be heat treated in the same furnace charge except as provided forin the reduced
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