1、Designation: A961/A961M 12 A961/A961M 12a Standard Specication for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specication covers a group of common requirements
3、that shall apply to steel anges, forged ttings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specications: Title of Specication ASTM Designation Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105M Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181
4、/A181M Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182M Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature Service Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350M Toughness Testing for Piping Components Forged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522M Steel Flanges, F
5、ittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694M Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707M Temperature Service Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping C
6、omponents with A727/A727M Inherent Notch Toughness Forgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836M Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service 1.2 In case of conict between a requirement of the individual product specication and a requirement of this general requirement specication, th
7、e requirements of the individual product specication shall prevail over those of this specication. 1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specied (see Section 4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on nego
8、tiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values state
9、d in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specication is speci
10、ed in the order. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A105/A105M Specication for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications A181/A181M Specication for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping A182/A182M Specication for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, For
11、ged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings 1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01
12、.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Current edition approved May 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2012. Published May 2012December 2012. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as A961/A96
13、1M11.12. DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-12.10.1520/A0961_A0961M-12a. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM w
14、ebsite. This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult
15、prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、PA 19428-2959. United States 1A350/A350M Specication for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components A370 Test Methods and Denitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A522/A522M Specication for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flang
17、es, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service A694/A694M Specication for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment A707/
18、A707M Specication for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service A727/A727M Specication for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch Toughness A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products A836/A836M Specication fo
19、r Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys A967 Specication for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts A991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Tem
20、perature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetric B880 Specication for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Exam
21、ination for General Industry E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing E1916 Guide for Identication of Mixed Lots of Metals 2.2 ASME Standard: 3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX 2.3 Manufacturers Standardization
22、Society Standard: 4 SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsFor denitions of other terms used in this specication, refer to Terminology A941. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that is
23、 long in relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant cross section throughout its length and a wrought microstructure. 3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, and marking of, the product to the specication requirem
24、ents. 3.2.3 tting, na component for non-bolted joints in piping systems. 3.2.4 ange, na component for bolted joints used in piping systems. 3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the material and produces the required shape.
25、 3.2.5.1 Discussion The plastic working must be performed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling machine, and must deform the material to produce a wrought structure throughout the material cross section. 3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made without a welded seam. 3
26、.2.6.1 Discussion It is manufactured usually by hot working the material, and if necessary, by subsequently cold nishing the hot worked tubular product to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase
27、order all ordering information necessary to purchase the needed material. Examples of such information include, but are not limited to, the following: 3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/ w
28、ww.asme.org. 4 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, V A 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-. A961/A961M 12a 24.1.1 Quantity, 4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances and surface nishes should be included), 4.1
29、.3 Specication number with grade or class, or both, as applicable, and year/date, 4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units) product standard. If the choice of test track is not specied in the order, then the default
30、 ASTM track shall be used as noted in Test Methods A1058, 4.1.5 Supplementary requirements, and 4.1.6 Additional requirements. 5. Melting Process 5.1 Unless otherwise specied in the individual Product Specication, the steel shall be fully killed. 5.2 If a specic type of melting is required by the pu
31、rchaser, it shall be stated on the purchase order. 5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or rening and may be followed by secondary melting, such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be dened as all of the ingot remelted
32、from a single primary heat. 5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identication of the resultant transition material is required. The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that posit
33、ively separates the grades. 5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the source material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrinkage, and undue segregation. 6. Manufacture 6.1 The nished part shall be manufactured from a forging that is as close as practicable to the nished size or sh
34、ape. Alternative starting materials may be used, but with the following exceptions and requirements. 6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollow cylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be machined from bar provi
35、ded that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal ow lines of the starting stock. 6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shall not be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Other hollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seamless pipe and tubing
36、provided that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal ow lines of the starting stock. 7. Heat Treatment 7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specied in the individual product specication using the following procedures that are dened in more detail in
37、Terminology A941. 7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range. 7.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial shall be heated to
38、a temperature that causes the chrome carbides to go into solution, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation. 7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and holding within the range
39、 of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate. 7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range, and subsequently, cooled in air at room temperature. 7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentM
40、aterial shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below the transformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section and cooled in still air. 7.1.6 Stress Relieving Material shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress reli
41、eving temperature. The temperature shall not vary from the selected temperature by more than 625 F 614 C. 7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austenitized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. The quenched ttings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C a
42、nd cooled in still air. 7.1.8 Same Heat Treat CycleHeat treat loads at the same temperature, equivalent soak times as appropriate for the maximum section size on the respective load and equivalent cooling methods. 8. Chemical Requirements 8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and method
43、s of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751. 8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of those elements specied in the individual product specication. If secondary melting proce
44、sses are employed, the heat analysis A961/A961M 12a 3shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or the product of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specication. Note that the product analysis
45、(check analysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the Heat Analysis requirements. 8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of soli
46、d parts, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specication, within the permissible variations
47、of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specication, as appropriate for the grade being supplied. TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Higher Alloy and Stainless Steels A,B Element Limit or Maximum of Specied Range, Wt % Tolerance Over the Maximum Limit or Under the Minimum Limit Carbon to 0.010, incl. 0.0
48、02 over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005 over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01 over 0.20 to 0.80, incl. 0.02 Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03 over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04 over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05 over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06 Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005 over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010 Sulfur to 0.040 inc
49、l. 0.005 over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010 over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. 0.020 Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.05 over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10 over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15 Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10 over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15 over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20 over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25 Nickel to 1.00 incl. 0.03 over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07 over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10 over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15 over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20 over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25 Molybdenum
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